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Padrão alimentar, composição corporal e marcadores bioquímicos: efeitos de uma intervenção nutricional com idosos
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Autores
Mendes, Eugénia
Azevedo, Ana
Fernandes, Adília
Fernandes, Hélder
Vaz, Josiana A.
Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O envelhecimento populacional representa um desafio crescente para a saúde pública, sobretudo na prevenção e gestão de doenças crónicas. A dieta mediterrânica, reconhecida pelos seus benefícios cardiometabólicos, continua a apresentar níveis reduzidos de adesão em Portugal, especialmente entre a população idosa. O presente estudo deteve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de uma inter-venção educativa nutricional, baseada nos princípios da dieta mediterrânica, na adesão ao padrão alimentar, composição corporal e marcadores bioquímicos de idosos. Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, longitudinal, realizado entre abril e junho de 2025, com 11 participantes (≥65 anos; 90.90% mulheres; idade média 70.30 ± 6.30 anos), em Bragança. A adesão à dieta mediterrânica foi avaliada pelo questionário MEDAS; a composição corporal por bioimpedância elétrica; e os marcadores bioquímicos por análise laboratorial. A intervenção incluiu sessões teóricas e práticas, com componentes interativas e sensoriais centradas na dieta mediterrânica. Verificou-se um aumento significativo na adesão à dieta mediterrânica (7.50 ± 2.70 para 9.00 ± 2.10 pontos; p=0.005), bem como reduções significativas na glicemia em jejum (77.80 para 57.50 mg/dL; p<0.001), HbA1c (5.76 para 5.65%; p=0.002) e colesterol total (179.60 para 130.20 mg/dL; p<0.001). Não se observaram alterações significativas na composição corporal, embora participantes com maior adesão tenham eviden-ciado um aumento da massa muscular esquelética. Intervenções educativas nutricionais de caráter prático e interativo demonstram eficácia na melhoria da adesão à dieta mediterrânica e de marca-dores metabólicos em idosos, contribuindo potencialmente para a prevenção de doenças crónicas.
Population ageing represents a growing challenge for public health, especially in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet, recognized for its cardiometabolic benefits, continues to show low levels of adherence in Portugal, especially among the elderly population. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a nutritional educational intervention, based on the principles of the Mediterranean diet, on adherence to dietary patterns, body composition and biochemical markers in the elderly. Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, carried out between April and June 2025, with 11 participants (≥65 years old; 90.90% women; mean age 70.30 ± 6.30 years) integrated in the New Long-Lived Societies Project, in Bragança. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MEDAS questionnaire; body composition by bioelectrical impedance; and biochemical markers by laboratory analysis. The intervention included theoretical and practical sessions, with interactive and sensory components focused on the Mediterranean diet. There was a significant increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (7.50 ± 2.70 to 9.00 ± 2.10 points; p=0.005), as well as significant reductions in fasting glucose (77.80 to 57.50 mg/dL; p<0.001), HbA1c (5.76 to 5.65%; p=0.002) and total choles-terol (179.60 to 130.20 mg/dL; p<0.001). No significant changes in body composition were observed, although participants with greater adherence showed an increase in skeletal muscle mass. Practical and interactive nutritional educational interventions demonstrate efficacy in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet and metabolic markers in the elderly, potentially contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases.
Population ageing represents a growing challenge for public health, especially in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet, recognized for its cardiometabolic benefits, continues to show low levels of adherence in Portugal, especially among the elderly population. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a nutritional educational intervention, based on the principles of the Mediterranean diet, on adherence to dietary patterns, body composition and biochemical markers in the elderly. Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, carried out between April and June 2025, with 11 participants (≥65 years old; 90.90% women; mean age 70.30 ± 6.30 years) integrated in the New Long-Lived Societies Project, in Bragança. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MEDAS questionnaire; body composition by bioelectrical impedance; and biochemical markers by laboratory analysis. The intervention included theoretical and practical sessions, with interactive and sensory components focused on the Mediterranean diet. There was a significant increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (7.50 ± 2.70 to 9.00 ± 2.10 points; p=0.005), as well as significant reductions in fasting glucose (77.80 to 57.50 mg/dL; p<0.001), HbA1c (5.76 to 5.65%; p=0.002) and total choles-terol (179.60 to 130.20 mg/dL; p<0.001). No significant changes in body composition were observed, although participants with greater adherence showed an increase in skeletal muscle mass. Practical and interactive nutritional educational interventions demonstrate efficacy in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet and metabolic markers in the elderly, potentially contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Composição corporal Dieta mediterrânica Educação nutricional Idosos Marcadores bioquímicos.
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Agradém, Carla; Alves, Sara Elisa Brás; Sá, Leandro Moreira de; Mendes, Eugénia; Azevedo, Ana; Fernandes, Adília; Fernandes, Hélder;Vaz, Josiana A.; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues (2026). Padrão alimentar, composição corporal e marcadores bioquímicos: efeitos de uma intervenção nutricional com idosos. RIAGE - Revista Ibero-Americana de Gerontologia. ISSN 2795-5559. 9, p. 104-114
Editora
Associação Nacional de Gerontologia Social (ANGES)