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- O papel da qualidade do sono na promoção da longevidadePublication . Alves, Sara; Fernandes, Hélder; Fernandes, Adília; Vaz, Josiana A.; Magalhães, Carlos Pires; Rodrigues, Carina; Monteiro, António M.O sono desempenha um papel vital tanto no bem-estar físico quanto mental, sendo indispensável para a manutenção da saúde geral. A longevidade, definida como a capacidade de viver uma vida mais longa e saudável, depende significativamente da qualidade do sono, uma vez uma vez que esta, se mantida de forma consistente e em quantidade e qualidade suficiente, parece ser uma das chaves promotoras do aumento da esperança de vida. Objetivos: A presente revisão sistemática tem por objetivo compreender a influência da qualidade de sono na manutenção do envelhecimento saudável e na promoção da longevidade. Material e métodos: Revisão sistemática seguindo a metodologia PRISMA. A pesquisa foi realizada durante o periodo de janeiro a fevereiro de 2024, através do recurso às bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science e MedLine (via Ovid), em língua inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa Os termos depesquisa foram: “healthy aging”. “longevity”, “sleep” and “determinants”. Aplicaram-se como critérios de inclusão: estudos primários produzidos nos últimos 20 anos (2004 – 2024), disponíveis em texto integral e acesso livre, resultando da pesquisa 278 artigos. Após eliminação de duplicados, 255 artigos sofreram análise do título e resumo. Concluída a aplicação dos critérios de seleção, 22 artigos foram selecionados para leitura completa, sendo que 6 atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos e foram integrados ao estudo.
- Sleep quality and hormonal levels of ghrelin and leptin in the elderly: a cross-sectional studyPublication . Alves, Sara; Capristano, Jeovana; Sá, Leandro Moreira de; Mendes, Eugénia; Fernandes, Hélder; Vaz, Josiana A.The increase in life expectancy prompts a critical examination of the quality of aging in contemporary societies. Ageing causes alterations in the circadian sleep-wake cycle, which are closely linked to cellular senescence. Research indicates that insufficient sleep can accelerate inflammation and oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of good sleep hygiene for overall health and reducing the effects of ageing. Sleep quality is closely connected to hormonal balance, particularly ghrelin, leptin, melatonin, and serotonin. These hormones play significant roles in regulating appetite, metabolism, sleep patterns, and emotional well-being. This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality in a group of elderly individuals (N=25) and its relationship with serum levels of ghrelin and leptin. Sleep quality was assessed using the Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Blood collection for laboratory tests was performed according to WHO guidelines
- Exploring cardiovascular risk and plasma ghrelin levels in older adults: a preliminary studyPublication . Alves, Sara; Capristano, Jeovana; Sá, Leandro Moreira de; Mendes, Eugénia; Fernandes, Hélder; Vaz, Josiana A.Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of illness and mortality worldwide, with ageing as a key risk factor. As people age, heightened inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction increase their cardiovascular disease risk. Ghrelin, known as "the hunger hormone," is essential for energy regulation and metabolism. It offers cardiovascular benefits by promoting vasodilation and enhancing endothelial function. With anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, ghrelin aids vascular health, making it particularly significant for ageing populations where these processes are often disrupted. Imbalanced ghrelin levels may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications. Understanding these variations in plasma ghrelin levels can offer insights into individual susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and highlight the hormone's role in metabolic and cardiovascular health. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risk and plasma ghrelin levels in a community of 16 older adults aged 60 or above
- New trends from fungi secondary metabolism in the pharmaceutical industryPublication . Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Shiraishi, Carlos S.H.; Ribeiro, Lúcia Marisa Maia; Carocho, Márcio; Abreu, Rui M.V.; Coutinho, Paula; Barros, Lillian; Vaz, Josiana A.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with a significant impact on society. Some metabolites are exploited for their activity as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anti-microbial agents, and in the production of cancer vaccines, among other pharmaceutical applications. Since the discovery of penicillin, the pharmaceutical industry has been greatly interested in fungi as sources of natural bioactive compounds, and fungi metabolites have made an indispensable contribution to improving human and animal health throughout the last decades. Starting with the development of antibiotics, the pharmaceutical industry has increasingly turned to these compounds for a variety of applications. The increase in the number of patents registered worldwide is a strong indicator that the market realizes the great potential of fungi secondary metabolites. In general, the pharmaceutical industry trend is centered on adopting different strategies to discover new drugs, and fungi secondary metabolites are viewed as having significant potential. This chapter explores the current pharmaceutical applications of secondary metabolites found in fungi. Initially, the most recent mushroom studies and their commercial pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications are explored. An overview of the different classes of fungi secondary metabolites with biologically relevant activities is then presented. Recently marine fungi were found to be a rich source of secondary metabolites. Due to the recent relevancy of marine fungi, an overview of marine fungi secondary metabolites with relevant pharmaceutical-related activities is also presented. Finally, the potential of fungi metabolites as a source of natural pigments and the methodologies used to characterize and explore fungi secondary metabolites are also analyzed.
- Impact of occupational exposure to wildfire events on systemic inflammatory biomarkers in Portuguese wildland firefightersPublication . Esteves, Filipa; Madureira, Joana; Barros, Bela; Alves, Sara; Pires, Joana; Martins, Sandra; Oliveira, Marta; Vaz, Josiana A.; Slezakova, Klara; Pereira, Maria do Carmo; Fernandes, Adília; Morais, Simone; Guimarães, João Tiago; Bonassi, Stefano; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, SolangeWhile occupational exposure as a firefighter is considered a dangerous occupation, research on the underlying mechanisms remains limited, particularly in wildland firefighters. Inflammation, a key effect of wildfire expo- sure, plays a significant role in the development of various diseases. The current study aims to investigate the impact of wildland firefighting exposure on the levels of pro-inflammatory systemic biomarkers. A pre-post study design investigated 59 wildland firefighters comparing data collected after participation in a wildfire event (Phase II) with data obtained before wildfire season (Phase I). Data on demographics, lifestyle, health and occupational-related factors were assessed. Exposure factors, such as fire combat (e.g., exposure duration), were also registered. Inflammatory biomarkers (i.e. interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) and hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites (1-OHNaph+1-OHAce, 2-OHFlu, 1-OHPhen, 1-OHPyr) were analysed in blood and urine samples, respectively. Serum IL-8 and IL-6 levels were significantly increased after wildland fire combat. IL-8 levels were 2.62 times higher (95 % CI: 1.96–3.50; p < 0.01), whereas IL-6 levels were 1.25 times higher (95 % CI: 1.00–1.57; p = 0.04). Furthermore, IL-8 levels were significantly correlated with urinary 2-hydroxyfluorene levels and fire combat duration (>12 h). In addition, the mean hs-CRP level, in both phases, was above 3.0 mg/L, indicating a potential risk for cardiovascular events. Given the long-term health implications of fire- fighting occupational exposure, biomonitoring and early detection of occupational risks are essential for pro- tecting firefighters’ health. Protective measures must be urgently implemented to enhance occupational health and strengthen preventive strategies in this sector.
- Occupational exposure to wildland firefighting and its effects on systemic DNA damagePublication . Esteves, Filipa; Madureira, Joana; Costa, Carla Sofia; Pires, Joana; Barros, Bela; Alves, Sara; Vaz, Josiana A.; Oliveira, Marta; Slezakova, Klara; Fernandes, Adília; Pereira, Maria do Carmo; Morais, Simone; Valdiglesias, Vanessa; Bonassi, Stefano; Teixeira, João Paulo; Costa, SolangePortugal is among the European Union countries more devastated by forest fires. Wildland fire- fighters are at the forefront of this battle, facing exposure to a wide range of harmful pollutants. Epidemiological studies have highlighted a potential link between occupational firefighting exposure and several diseases, including cancer. To date, very few studies have explored the biological mechanisms associated with such exposure. The present longitudinal study aims to assess changes in early effect biomarkers following wildland firefighters’ occupational exposure to a real wildfire event. Paired blood samples from 59 healthy Portuguese wildland firefighters were collected at two different time points: before wildfire season and after a fire event during wildfire season. Sociodemographic variables (e. g., age, sex) and work-related factors (e.g., years of service) were assessed via a self-reported questionnaire. Levels of early effect biomarkers, such as primary DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage (oxidised purines) were assessed via comet assay. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were evaluated by phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX). Moreover, hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OHPAHs) and metal(loid)s were quantified in urine samples. The influence of urinary OHPAHs, urinary metal(loid)s, and other exposure- related factors (e.g., firefighting duration) on changes (Δ) in early effect biomarkers (post-vs. baseline levels) was investigated. Firefighting activities led to a significant increase in both primary DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage by 22 % (95 % CI: 1.11–1.35; p < 0.05) and 23 % (95 % CI: 1.04–1.45; p < 0.05), respectively. Results from linear regression revealed that per each unit increase of urinary 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu) (μmol/mol creatinine), the risk of ⧍ oxidative DNA damage increased by 20 % [FR: 1.20 (1.09–1.32); p < 0.01]. Addi- tionally, each unit increase in urinary cesium (Cs) (μg/L) resulted in a significant 4 % increase in Δ primary DNA damage [FR: 1.04 (1.01–1.06); p < 0.05] and a 3 % increase in Δ oxidative DNA damage [FR: 1.03 (1.01–1.05); p < 0.05]. Post-exposure levels of γH2AX were significantly correlated with urinary 2-OHFlu levels assessed after firefighting (r = 0.30; p < 0.05). Furthermore, exposure duration and reported breathing difficulties during firefighting were significantly associated with increased levels of primary DNA damage. Results obtained provide insights into the potential human health effects of wildland firefighting occupational exposure at the genetic and molecular levels, offering new and important mechanistic data. These findings are crucial for implementing health and safety measures, recommendations, and best practices to mitigate occupational risks and protect the health of wildland firefighters.
- Clitocybe alexandri extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a lung cancer cell line: identification of phenolic acids with cytotoxic potentialPublication . Vaz, Josiana A.; Almeida, Gabriela M.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Martins, Anabela; Vasconcelos, M. HelenaMushrooms are a possible rich source of biologically active compounds with potential for drug discovery. The aim of this work was to gain further insight into the citotoxicity mechanism of action of Clitocybe alexandri ethanolic extract against a lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460 cells). The effects on cell cycle profile and levels of apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the effect on the expression levels of proteins related to cellular apoptosis was also investigated by Western blot. The extract was characterized regarding its phenolic composition by HPLC-DAD, and the identified compounds were studied regarding their growth inhibitory activity, by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The effect of individual or combined compounds on viable cell number was also evaluated using the Trypan blue exclusion assay. It was observed that the Clitocybe alexandri extract induced an S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. In addition, treatment with the GI50 concentration (concentration that was able to cause 50% of cell growth inhibition; 24.8 µg/ml) for 48h caused an increase in the levels of wt p53, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The main components identified in this extract were protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids. Cinnamic acid was found to be the most potent compound regarding cell growth inhibition. Nevertheless, it was verified that the concomitant use of the individual compounds provided the strongest decrease in viable cell number. Overall, we found evidence for alterations in cell cycle and apoptosis, involving p53 and caspase-3. Furthermore, our data suggests that the phenolic acids identified in the extract are at least partially responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by this mushroom extract.
- Antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds of portuguese wild edible mushrooms methanolic extractsPublication . Barros, Lillian; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Vaz, Josiana A.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Baptista, Paula; Estevinho, Leticia M.The antimicrobial properties of phenolic extracts of Portuguese wild edible mushroom species (Lactarius deliciosus, Sarcodon imbricatus and Tricholoma portentosum) against pathogens were investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were evaluated for the entire mushroom, the cap and the stipe, separately; the portion of the mushroom used proved to be influenced in the results obtained, which are directly correlated with the content of total phenols and flavonoids in the extracts. The growth of Grampositive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis,) was well inhibited by these mushrooms, while Escherichia coli (Gramnegative bacteria) was resistant. The study on the antifungal effect of these mushrooms revealed that Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were differently inhibited for the mushrooms used.
- Occupational exposure of firefighters in non-fire settingsPublication . Slezakova, Klara; Esteves, Filipa; Vaz, Josiana A.; Alves, Maria José; Madureira, Joana; Costa, Solange; Fernandes, Adília; Teixeira, João Paulo Fernandes; Morais, Simone; Pereira, Maria do CarmoThis work assessed firefighters’ exposure to particulate matter (PM) in non-fire work settings during pre-fire season, as a baseline for the respective occupational exposure characterization. Indoor and outdoor air sampling was conducted for two weeks in pre-fire season of 2021 in seven fire corporations (FC1-FC7) in north of Portugal. PM fractions (PM2.5, PM10) were continuously monitored concurrently in indoors (living rooms, rest areas, truck bays) and outdoors. The results showed low levels of pollution. Indoor PM10 was between 2 and 205 µg m–3 (mean 10 µg m–3); PM2.5 were 2—115 µg m–3 (8.5 µg m–3). Both indoor PM fractions were highly and significantly correlated (rs = 0.959–0.997). PM2.5 accounted for 85% of indoor PM; indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) of PM2.5 ranged between 1.4 and 3.0, thus emphasizing the contribution of indoor emission sources for fine fraction. Outdoor PM10 were 2–6 times higher than indoors (6–894 µg m–3; mean 21 µg m–3); and 2–9 times higher for PM2.5 (5 – 169 µg m–3; 5 µg m–3).
- Bioactive activities of the phenolic extract from sterile bracts of Araucaria angustifoliaPublication . Fischer, Thais E.; Marcondes, Amanda; Zardo, Danianni M.; Nogueira, Alessandro; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Vaz, Josiana A.; Barros, Lillian; Zielinski, Acacio A.F.; Alberti, Aline