Biblioteca Digital do IPB
Repositório de Publicações do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança
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Effect of 12 weeks differential learning vs. classical learning approaches on motor skills related to shot put in healthy young adult
Publication . Fadhlaoui, Hassen; Jebabli, Nidhal; Hattabi, Soukaina; Salhi, Iyed; Boughanmi, Dhaoui; Ouerghi, Nejmeddine; Forte, Pedro; Sortwell, Andrew; Ferraz, Ricardo; Branquinho, Luis; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Afonso, Pedro; Ribeiro, Joana; Malheiro, Alexandra; Rocha, Alberto; García-Perales, Ramón; Abderrahman, Abderraouf Ben
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of 12-weeks of differential learning intervention vs. classical learning in the shot-put for healthy and physically active students.
Methods In this study, 114 sports science students (64 males; 50 females; age 21.20 +/- 2.15 years; body mass: 67.42 +/- 12.30 kg; body height: 1.73 +/- 0.09 m; BMI: 22.61 +/- 1.20 kg.m-1) participated in this study. A total of 114 students completed the study. Students were divided into a differential learning group (DL) (n = 40), a classical learning group CL (n = 39) and a control group (CG) (n = 35). Both DL and CL groups completed a similar 12-weeks learning program with four intervention assessment: shot put test, medicine ball throw, vertical jump tests, five jump test, flexibility test and sprint test.
Results The results showed that the DL and CL programs significantly improved physical performance (p < 0.05) compared to the control group, with the effect size more effective in the DL group than in the CL group after the sixth week (shot-put throw: d(DL) = 0.30), 12 week [shot-put throw: d(DL) = 0.49, d(CL) = 0.18; throw MB kneeling: d(DL) = 0.41; throw MB standing: d(DL) = 0.89; vertical and horizontal tests: d(DL) = (0.55-1.39); sprint tests: d(DL) = (0.57-0.71)] and after retention period (14(th) week) (shot put, d(DL) = 0.28; standing MB throw: d(DL) = 0.48) of learning program. Also, there was a significant improvement for 5JT (p = 0.026; d = 1.29) performances in the DL group compared to CL group 12 week after learning program. However, no significant group*time interaction was observed for the feeling scale.
Conclusions Overall, the data suggests that 12-weeks of DL program was more effective and more sustainable than CL in improving technical and physical performance related to shot-put discipline.
Perspetivas de pais sobre inclusão: Um estudo quantitativo em seis agrupamentos de escolas de Portugal
Publication . Rodrigues, Hugo; Vaz, Paula Marisa Fortunato
O percurso da segregação à inclusão é marcado por diferentes marcos históricos, nomeadamente pela luta dos pais em defesa dos direitos dos seus filhos. A necessidade da sua participação está presente em diversos documentos que valorizam o seu contributo em contexto escolar. Assim, desenvolveu-se uma investigação com a finalidade de conhecer perspetivas de pais de crianças/adolescentes que usufruem de medidas de suporte à aprendizagem e à inclusão, acerca da inclusão. Tendo por base uma metodologia quantitativa, e recorrendo-se ao inquérito por questionário como técnica de recolha de dados, obtiveram-se 123 respostas de pais, de seis agrupamentos de escolas do norte de Portugal. Foi possível concluir que estes pais consideram, maioritariamente, que a inclusão representa uma mudança positiva no nosso sistema educativo.
Analysis of thermal patterns in the knee: comparative study between athletes and sedentary individuals
Publication . Araújo, Mirela dos Santos; Bernardes Leite, Luciano; Forte, Pedro; Malheiro, Alexandra; Januário, William Martins; Pussieldi, Guilherme de Azambuja; Coelho, Bruno de Cássio; Barreiros, Marta de Oliveira; Barros Filho, Allan Kardec Duailibe; Assis, Miller Gomes de; Navarro, Antônio Coppi; Rodrigues Junior, Jefferson Fernando Coelho; Oliveira, Mario Norberto Sevilio de; Cabido, Christian Emmanuel Torres; Pimenta, Eduardo Mendonça; Veneroso, Christiano Eduardo
Infrared thermography is a non-invasive technique that detects skin-emitted radiation, providing insights into body temperature and identifying thermal changes related to inflammatory or degenerative processes. This study aimed to compare knee temperatures between sedentary individuals and athletes and to evaluate differences between the anterior and posterior knee regions. A convenience sample included 32 men, 16 sedentary individuals (1.71 ± 0.05 m; 71.7 ± 11 kg; BMI: 24.5 ± 0.39 kg/m²) and 16 athletes (1.79 ± 0.06 m; 73.29 ± 11 kg; BMI: 22.84 ± 2.52 kg/m²). Temperature assessments were conducted using infrared thermography. The results showed that the posterior knee region consistently exhibited higher temperatures than the anterior region in sedentary individuals (p < .001) and athletes (p < .001). Sedentary individuals had lower knee temperatures compared to athletes, both in the posterior regions (right: p = .0006; left: p = .0035) and anterior (right: p < .0001; left: p = .0009). These findings highlight that physical training influences localised thermal responses, with athletes demonstrating higher average knee temperatures and a consistent temperature gradient between the posterior and anterior regions in both groups.
Sex- and nationality-based participation and performance trends in the Swissman Xtreme Triathlon (2019–2025)
Publication . Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Duric, Sasa; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.; Thuany, Mabliny; Weiss, Katja; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat; Ratko
Background
Participation and performance trends are well investigated for the IRONMAN triathlon. For Xtreme Triathlons (XTri World Tour) races, only one study has examined participation and performance trends for the ‘Norseman Xtreme Triathlon’ in Norway, but not for other XTri World Tour events. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate participation and performance trends in the ‘Swissman Xtreme Triathlon’ as part of the XTri World Tour.
Methods
Finisher data from all ‘Swissman Xtreme Triathlon’ editions (2019–2025) were analyzed. DNS, DNF, missing information, and implausible finishing times were excluded. Participation patterns were described by sex and nationality. Sex differences in race time were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U tests. Differences among the ten most represented nationalities were tested using Welch’s ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post-hoc comparisons. Temporal changes in performance were assessed with quantile regression at the 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 quantiles (p < 0.05).
Results
A total of 1,032 finishers were included, of whom 13.5% were women. Switzerland had the highest participation (n = 431). Performance was similar across most nationalities, with slower times observed only among athletes from the United States compared with Switzerland (p = 0.01), Germany (p = 0.02), and Norway (p = 0.03). No sex-based differences were found in any edition (overall p = 0.4922; r = −0.02). Quantile regression revealed clear temporal changes in performance. At the median (0.50), race time increased by 715 s·year ⁻ ¹ (95% CI: 434–997; p < 0.0001), and a similar rise occurred at the 0.75 quantile (β = 727 s·year ⁻ ¹; 95% CI: 498–955; p < 0.0001). In contrast, the 0.25 quantile showed a smaller and non-significant increase (β = 345 s·year ⁻ ¹; p = 0.0626), indicating that intermediate and slower athletes were primarily responsible for the overall temporal decline. Sex-specific analyses confirmed this pattern: significant increases at the median and 0.75 quantiles for men, and a significant increase only at the median quantile for women.
Conclusions
Swiss athletes formed the largest portion of competitors in ‘Swissman Xtreme Triathlon’, while performance was comparable across most nationalities. Women and men performed similarly throughout all editions. Race times increased across years, particularly among intermediate and slower finishers. These findings provide an updated overview of participation and performance trends in this major XTri World Tour event. Future studies need to investigate more races of the XTri World Tour.
Analyzing Breathing Patterns in the Breaststroke Technique Through Dual-Media Kinematics and Fractal Dimension
Publication . Alves, Miriam; Fonseca, Pedro; Fernandes, Aléxia; Brito, André V.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo
The most hydrodynamic swimming position occurs with the head submerged, highlighting the benefit of reduced breathing frequency for efficiency. This study aimed to characterize and compare kinematics between two breaststroke breathing patterns—breathing every cycle and breathing every two cycles—while also analyzing intra-cyclic velocity variation (dv) and fractal dimension. In the breathing every cycle pattern, each cycle included a breath. In the breathing every cycle pattern, swimmers breathed once per cycle. In the breathing every two cycles pattern, breathing occurred every second cycle, resulting in three types of cycles: breathing, non-breathing, and the breathing cycle following a non-breathing cycle. To ensure familiarity with the new breathing pattern, swimmers underwent a six-week intervention program. They then performed three maximal 25 m bouts in each breathing pattern. Kinematic data were collected using a dual-media optoelectronic system (Qualisys AB, Sweden), integrating underwater and dry-land camera recordings. The results showed minimal differences between the three cycle types. The non-breathing cycle had the shallowest and deepest head positions, the lowest horizontal head amplitude out of water, and the smallest vertical head amplitude. It also had the fastest maximum vertical velocity of the feet and maximum center of mass velocity in the swimming direction.