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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Assistimos a vários debates sobre competências humanitárias em enfermagem, tais como o
cuidar, a compaixão e a empatia. Continuam a existir dúvidas sobre se essas competências
são inatas ou se podem ser ensinadas. Há também o interesse por parte dos profissionais do
ensino da enfermagem sobre como desenvolver estas competências nos estudantes. Assim,
torna-se indispensável identificar qual o estado atual destas competências.
Objetivou-se identificar: os níveis de empatia e dos traços de personalidade dos enfermeiros; e,
relações entre as variáveis socioprofissionais e as dimensões sob estudo. Estudo exploratório,
transversal, descritivo, correlacional e inferencial. Amostra de 232 enfermeiros: 186 (80.2%)
do sexo feminino; 149 (64.5%) mais de cinco anos de tempo de serviço. Utilizou-se um
questionário online, constituído por duas partes: questões socioprofissionais; o Jefferson Scale
of Physician Empathy, medindo as dimensões: Compaixão, Tomada de perspetiva do doente
e Capacidade de colocar-se no lugar do doente; e o Big-Five Inventory (BFI-44), medindo
os cinco grandes traços de personalidade: Extroversão, Amabilidade, Conscienciosidade,
Neuroticismo, e Abertura para Experiências.
Verificou-se que os respondentes do presente estudo apresentam níveis altos nas três
dimensões da empatia analisadas: Compaixão (M=6.00; DP=.899); Perspetiva (M=5.47;
DP=1.486); e Colocar (M=5.55; DP=.955). Também nos traços de personalidade as pontuações
são acima da média: Extroversão (M=3.55; DP=.613); Amabilidade (M=3.95; DP=.504);
Conscienciosidade (M=3.95; DP=.531); e Abertura (M=3.43; DP=.620); com exceção da
dimensão neuroticismo, onde a pontuação média é relativamente baixa (M=2.43; DP=.504).
Identificaram-se correlações (Spearman) positivas, moderadas e estatisticamente
significativas, entre as dimensões: tomada de perspetiva do doente; extroversão; amabilidade;
conscienciosidade; e abertura. Testes de Mann-Whitney revelaram diferenças estatisticamente
significativas para as dimensões extroversão e compaixão, para a variável socioprofissional
Sexo, pontuando os respondentes do sexo masculino superior na extroversão (M=3.73;
DP=.501) e as do sexo feminino na compaixão (M=6.05; DP=.903).
Conclui-se que os enfermeiros demonstram níveis altos nas dimensões da empatia. A empatia
é uma competência multidimensional, permitindo ao enfermeiro compreender sentimentos,
necessidades e perspetivas dos doentes. No campo da saúde, a empatia é essencial na
prática profissional. Propomos a inclusão de um programa específico para a capacitação dos
estudantes e consequentemente para a qualidade dos cuidados prestados.
We have seen a number of debates on humanitarian skills in nursing, such as caring, compassion and empathy. There are still doubts as to whether these competencies are innate or can be taught. There is also interest on the part of nursing education professionals about how to develop these skills in students. It is therefore essential to identify the current state of these competencies. The objective was to identify: empathy levels and personality traits of nurses; relationships between the socio-professional variables and the dimensions under study. Exploratory, transversal, descriptive, correlational and inferential study. Sample of 232 nurses: 186 (80.2%) female; 149 (64.5%) with more than five years of service. An online questionnaire was used, consisting of two parts: socio-professional questions; the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), measuring the dimensions: Compassion, Taking a Patient’s Perspective, and Ability to put oneself in the patient’s shoes; and the Big-Five Inventory (BFI-44), measuring the five major personality traits: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experiences. It was verified that the respondents of the present study present high levels in the three dimensions of empathy: Compassion (M=6.00; SD=.899); Perspective (M=5.47; SD=1.486); and Placing (M=5.55; SD=.955). Also, in what concerns the personality traits the scores are above average: Extroversion (M=3.55; SD=.613); Agreeableness (M=3.95; SD=.504); Conscientiousness (M=3.95; SD=.531); and Openess (M=3.43; SD=.620); with the exception of the dimension Neuroticism, where the mean score is relatively low (M=2.43; SD=.504). Positive, moderate and statistically significant correlations (Spearman) were identified, between the dimensions: patient perspective; extroversion; agreeableness; conscientiousness; and openess. Mann-Whitney tests revealed statistically significant differences for the dimensions extroversion and compassion, for the socio-professional variable Gender, with male respondents higher in extroversion (M=3.73; SD=.501) and female subjects in compassion (M=6.05; DP=.903). It is concluded that the nurses demonstrate high levels in the dimensions of empathy. Empathy is a multidimensional competence, allowing the nurse to understand the patient’s feelings, needs and perspectives. In the field of health, empathy is essential in professional practice. We propose the inclusion of a specific program for the training of students and consequently for the quality of care provided.
We have seen a number of debates on humanitarian skills in nursing, such as caring, compassion and empathy. There are still doubts as to whether these competencies are innate or can be taught. There is also interest on the part of nursing education professionals about how to develop these skills in students. It is therefore essential to identify the current state of these competencies. The objective was to identify: empathy levels and personality traits of nurses; relationships between the socio-professional variables and the dimensions under study. Exploratory, transversal, descriptive, correlational and inferential study. Sample of 232 nurses: 186 (80.2%) female; 149 (64.5%) with more than five years of service. An online questionnaire was used, consisting of two parts: socio-professional questions; the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), measuring the dimensions: Compassion, Taking a Patient’s Perspective, and Ability to put oneself in the patient’s shoes; and the Big-Five Inventory (BFI-44), measuring the five major personality traits: Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experiences. It was verified that the respondents of the present study present high levels in the three dimensions of empathy: Compassion (M=6.00; SD=.899); Perspective (M=5.47; SD=1.486); and Placing (M=5.55; SD=.955). Also, in what concerns the personality traits the scores are above average: Extroversion (M=3.55; SD=.613); Agreeableness (M=3.95; SD=.504); Conscientiousness (M=3.95; SD=.531); and Openess (M=3.43; SD=.620); with the exception of the dimension Neuroticism, where the mean score is relatively low (M=2.43; SD=.504). Positive, moderate and statistically significant correlations (Spearman) were identified, between the dimensions: patient perspective; extroversion; agreeableness; conscientiousness; and openess. Mann-Whitney tests revealed statistically significant differences for the dimensions extroversion and compassion, for the socio-professional variable Gender, with male respondents higher in extroversion (M=3.73; SD=.501) and female subjects in compassion (M=6.05; DP=.903). It is concluded that the nurses demonstrate high levels in the dimensions of empathy. Empathy is a multidimensional competence, allowing the nurse to understand the patient’s feelings, needs and perspectives. In the field of health, empathy is essential in professional practice. We propose the inclusion of a specific program for the training of students and consequently for the quality of care provided.
Description
Keywords
Empatia Personalidade Enfermeiros
Citation
Galvão, Ana Maria; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pinheiro, Marco; Gomes, Maria José (2019). Empatia e traços de personalidade em enfermeiros. In I Congresso Internacional em Inteligência Emocional e III Seminário Internacional em Inteligência Emocional: livro de resumos. Bragança: Instituto Politécnico. ISBN 978-972-745-255-2
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança