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- Hábitos de consumo de queijos dop da região de Trás-os-Montes no concelho de BragançaPublication . Fernandes, António; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Cabo, Paula; Matos, AldaEste estudo tem como objetivos conhecer o perfil do consumidor de queijos DOP (Denominação de Origem Protegida) da Região de Trás-os-Montes; descrever os seus hábitos de compra; e, descrever os hábitos de consumo de queijo. Para isso, foi conduzido um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, observacional e transversal. O questionário foi administrado, diretamente, a 400 indivíduos do concelho de Bragança, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2012. Dos 311 inquiridos (77,7%) que consomem queijos, 31,5% apenas consome queijos nacionais e 2,3% apenas consome queijos estrangeiros, sendo que a maioria (66,2%) consome queijos de ambas as origens. Um total de 67,8% confirmou o consumo de queijos da Região de Trás-os-Montes e de queijos DOP. O queijo é, essencialmente, consumido como lanche (71,1%), como entrada (65,6%), como sobremesa (49,8%) e como pequeno-almoço (45,7%); em “natureza” (64,3%) mas também com acompanhamento de marmelada ou doce (52,4%). O Queijo de Cabra Transmontano e o Queijo Terrincho são conhecidos por serem produtos DOP transmontanos por 58,2 e 52,7%, respetivamente. Do total de inquiridos, apenas 163 consomem queijos DOP Transmontanos. Para estes consumidores, o critério que está na base da seleção do local de compra é, sobretudo, a confiança (46,0%). O estabelecimento preferido para fazer a compra é o hipermercado (52,8%). Os principais critérios de seleção dos queijos são a qualidade reconhecida (40,5%) e a marca (34,4%) A forma de apresentação preferida são as porções cortadas no local da compra (38,0%). Finalmente, dos 310 inquiridos que consomem este tipo de produto, 55,2% está disposto a pagar mais 5,6 euros, em média, por um queijo DOP.
- The consumption of generic medicaments: perception and level of knowledgePublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Santos, Adriana; Neto, Ana; Oliveira, Carla; Nascimento, Marisa; Pires, Tânia C.S.P.Introduction: The generic medicine has the same qualitative and quantitative composition in active substances, pharmaceutical form and dosage, administered by the same way with the same therapeutic indication and security than the reference medicine (1). Objectives: To analyze the perception and level of knowledge about generic medicines and to study the correlation with socio-economic variables such as education level, monthly medicines expenses, employment, age and gender. Materials and Methods: It was developed a cross-sectional study. A non-probabilistic sample of 381 individuals was collected in northern Portuguese localities during January and February 2015. To collect the data was applied a questionnaire developed by Lopes, Silva, Pinto e Ribeiro (2). Most respondents were female (53.5%) with ages between 18 and 88 years. Results and Discussion: The level of knowledge about generic medicines was very poor (14.8%); poor (21.0%); fair (39.9%); good (23.1%) and very good (1.2%). Most respondents (91.4%) consumed generic medicines although they consider that reference medicines are more effective. The level of knowledge is positive correlated with the education level and negatively correlated with age and monthly medicines expenses. Gender was associated with the level of knowledge. Employment wasn’t associated with the level of knowledge. Conclusion: A significative proportion of respondents were misinformed about generic medicines, preferring to consume the reference medicines that they consider more effective. According to the literature, doctors are primarily responsible by the scarce information provided to the patient about generic medicines and by not prescribing these medicines. References: 1. Branco, M. & Nunes, B. (2009). Uma observação sobre o consumo de Genéricos. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Lisboa. 2. Lopes, C.; Silva, F.; Pinto, Isabel; Ribeiro, Maria (2011). A perspectiva dos consumidores portugueses sobre os medicamentos de marca vs medicamentos genéricos. In XXV Encontro Nacional APLF. Coimbra.
- Environmental awareness and sustainable consumption among Portuguese University Students from generation ZPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Lopes, Isabel Maria; Fernandes, AntónioThe main objective of this research was to determine the impact of Environmental Awareness (EA) on Sustainable Consumption (SC) in Generation Z higher education students, in Portugal. Applying the convenience sampling tech nique, the questionnaires were distributed online through a Google form. The total sample consists of 565 Portuguese university students belonging to Generation Z. The IBM SPSS Statistics 29 software was used to analyze the data. Initially, a descriptive study of the data was carried out. Later, an exploratory factor analysis was used to validate the EA and the SC scales. The Cronbach’s Alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency of the answers and a simple linear regression model was estimated to examine the impact of EA on the SC. The results of the factor analysis show that the psychometric characteristics obtained for the EA and SC scales are good, confirming the validity of both scales. The results of the study prove that EA has a positive and significant impact on SC. Furthermore, variations in SC are explained in 20.1% by variations in EA.
- Qualidade nutricional e tecnológica dos alimentos na ótica do consumidorPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Fernandes, António; Cabo, Paula; Matos, AldaA qualidade e a segurança dos alimentos são importantes fatores para a tomada de decisão dos consumidores. Este trabalho de investigação teve como objetivos conhecer a perceção dos consumidores em relação à qualidade nutricional e tecnológica dos alimentos e conhecer os seus hábitos de compra. Trata -se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal que teve como base a aplicação de um questionário. A recolha de dados foi realizada de abril a julho de 2015 em três superfícies comerciais do Concelho de Bragança. Na totalidade participaram 200 indivíduos, dos quais, 52,5% eram do género feminino. A maioria tinha idade compreendida entre os 18 e os 24 anos (50,5%), era casado ou vivia em união de facto (72,5%), possuía como habilitações literárias, o ensino secundário (52,5%) e usufruía de um rendimento mensal líquido inferior a 1000 € (81%). A maioria dos consumidores afirmou que tem em conta o valor nutricional dos alimentos que consome (63,5%), embora apenas 43,2% tenha o hábito de avaliar a tabela nutricional dos mesmos. O que chama mais a atenção dos consumidores no rótulo é a validade (51%), os ingredientes (31,7%), a tabela nutricional (16,1%) e, por último, a marca (8%). Habitualmente, na opinião dos consumidores, a qualidade de um produto relaciona- se com a nutrição (50,8%), a higiene (31,7%) e o preço (23,1%), sendo os três fatores considerados mais importantes no momento da compra. Para o consumidor as tecnologias são importantes e contribuem para aumentar o valor nutricional dos alimentos (53,5%), destacando- se, a Irradiação (26,9%), os Aditivos e Conservantes (20,3%) e a Secagem (15,3%) como as mais prejudiciais do ponto de vista nutricional. O consumidor considera obter alimentos de maior qualidade nutricional, saudável e tecnológica, nos grupos das frutas (61,4%), leguminosas (57,7%) e cereais (41,6%). O consumidor está, atualmente, mais exigente quanto à qualidade dos alimentos, destacando- se nesta investigação a nutrição e a higiene.
- Produtos DOP da cabra transmontana: da produção ao consumidor finalPublication . Fernandes, António; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Cabo, Paula; Matos, AldaEste estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a produção e comercialização de produtos DOP (Denominação de Origem Protegida) da Região de Trás-os-Montes obtidos através da cabra Serrana, designadamente, o Queijo de Cabra Transmontano e o Cabrito Transmontano. Metodologicamente recorreu-se a dados secundários, fornecidos pelo Gabinete de Planeamento e Politicas, com respeito ao período de 2006-2009. Os resultados mostram que os referidos produtos são produtos de alta qualidade reconhecida como tal pelos consumidores. Trata-se, pois, de produtos geradores de maior valor acrescentado que os seus congéneres não certificados. Tal facto, aliado aos subsídios à produção atribuídos à exploração da cabra serrana levariam a supor que estas produções seriam interessantes do ponto de vista económico. Apesar disso, o preço que o consumidor está disposto a pagar ainda não é, suficientemente, elevado para tornar a atividade atrativa em termos de rentabilidade, assistindo-se à diminuição do número de explorações em ambas as atividades devido ao abandono.This study aims to characterize the production and marketing of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) of the region of Tras-os-Montes obtained by Serrana goat in particular the Queijo de Cabra Transmontano and Cabrito Transmontano. Methodologically it was used secondary data provided by the Office of Planning and Policy with respect to the period 2006-2009. The results show that these products are high quality products recognized as such by consumers. It is therefore products that generate greater added value than their counterparts not certified. This fact, together with national and European subsidizing to the exploitation of the mountain goat would lead to assume that these productions would be interesting from an economic point of view. Nevertheless, the price the consumer is willing to pay is still not sufficiently high to make attractive activity in terms of profitability, watching to the decrease in the number of farms in both activities due to abandonment.
- An overview of Chestnut´s production and market developments in PortugalPublication . Cabo, Paula; Fernandes, António; Ribeiro, Maria IsabelPortugal is a major European producer of chestnut. This traditional production assumes major importance for Trás-os-Montes, a low-density region of northern Portugal. Currently chestnut faces several challenges (e.g., climate change, diseases and pests, and demographic and market developments) that threaten its future. This work intends to contribute to the sustainability of the Portuguese chestnut industry, by analysing its constraints and potentialities. Data includes market statistics from 2008-2017, and primary sources as industry stakeholders. Results show a global increase in the chestnut production area, although productivity weakness constrains the capability of supplying the market. This scenario is intensified by marketing problems, such as the low homogeneity of the fruit and conservation issues (chestnut moth and rot), the weight of the parallel market, and unfair competition of chestnut from non-Community countries. The chestnut supply chain is generally long and structured and organized with few industries and retailers and a significant number of producers. Portuguese chestnut is mainly sold to medium-sized companies, where is prepared to be sold fresh (nationally or abroad). However, the increase in processing capability of chestnut industry improves the added-value of the supply chain of national chestnut. All varieties of chestnut are adapted to fresh consumption, but are more or less appreciated due to their precocity, calibre and taste. However, the price listed for chestnuts is based on their size, and consumers do not distinguish the different varieties of chestnut. The consumption of nuts is still concentrated in a short time and connected to the traditional intake of nuts, toasted and/or cooked. Nonetheless, new forms of consumption are increasing, supported by growing demand for certain niche markets, to meet specific dietary needs such as gluten-free products, or nutritionally enriched products.
- Hábitos de compra e consumo de pão na região de Bragança – PortugalPublication . Bortuluzzi, Letícia Cabrera Parra; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Droval, Adriana AparecidaHábitos alimentares variam por diferentes fatores complexos, dependendo de motivações pessoais e do contexto em que o indivíduo está inserido na sociedade. O pão é um dos alimentos mais antigos e mundialmente conhecidos, consumido de diversas formas e frequências. Esse estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os gostos, preferências e hábitos de consumo e compra de pão na cidade de Bragança - PT. Foi desenvolvido um estudo quantitativo e transversal a partir de um questionário aplicado de forma exclusivamente online, devido à ocorrência da pandêmica de COVID-19, alcançando 215 consumidores que adquirem produtos alimentares no Município de Bragança. O questionário disponível encontrava-se estruturado em três seções: Na primeira, questões sociodemográficas para caracterização do inquirido; a segunda, questões associadas ao gosto, preferências e hábitos de consumo; e por fim, a terceira parte incluía questões relacionadas com os hábitos de compra. A recolha de dados decorreu de junho a agosto de 2020. A amostra foi obtida através de uma amostragem não probabilística tipo bola de neve. O programa utilizado para editar e tratar os dados foi o IBM SPSS versão 26.0, utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, ao nível de significância (a) de 5% para comparar proporções. A maioria dos consumidores eram portugueses (67%), do sexo feminino (61,9%), vivia em zona urbana (85,6%) e gostava de pão (99,1%). O pão de trigo (72,1%) e o pão integral (64,7%) se mostraram os mais consumidos, os pães da região mais conhecidos e mais consumidos são o pão Nogueira, Rebordainhos e o Argozelo. A maioria dos consumidores afirmou consumir pão pelo menos uma vez ao dia (62,3%), 1 a 2 fatias / pães (76,7%), geralmente no café da manhã (67,9%). O tipo de acompanhamento preferido são as gorduras vegetais (66,5%) e os lácteos (65,6%). Os atributos mais valorizados foram a frescura (92,2%), o cheiro a pão fresco (87,6%), a textura fofa (80,8%), a crosta crocante (76,1%), o preço (56,2%) e a durabilidade (55,2%). A maioria dos consumidores compra pão no supermercado (55,2%), sendo a qualidade do pão (96,9%) e a higiene e limpeza do espaço (93,7%) os fatores mais valorizados pelos consumidores na hora da compra. Pôde verificar-se, nesta investigação, que determinados hábitos de consumo e de compra do pão estavam, de facto, associados às características sociodemográficas do inquirido. O pão regional é adquirido, em maior proporção, por indivíduos com idade superior a 35 anos, ativos e que fazem parte de agregados familiares que incluem menores de idade. Já o pão industrial, se mostrou mais consumido por estrangeiros, homens, pessoas que moram sozinhas e por agregados familiares de maior dimensão.
- Entrepreneurial potential of Portuguese agriculture higher education students: a case from Alto Trás-os-Montes region, PortugalPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Fernandes, António; Diniz, FranciscoAscertaining students' entrepreneurial intention and looking into their perception of the obstacles surrounding the entrepreneurial process are the objectives of this research. To achieve these objectives, a cross-sectional, quantitative, observational and analytical study was developed. To carry out this study, a random sample constituted by 269 students from Braganza School of Agriculture was collected. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests, namely, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov with Lilliefors correction test and Levene test were computed using SPSS 16.0. A likely bankruptcy was identified as a critical factor in starting up a business. Lack of financial support was pointed as the major difficulty concerning business development. However, according to the results, 35.2% of the respondents would like to create their own business and contribute to the development of the regional economy, specifically, in the agriculture, food, biotechnological and environmental sectors.
- The ecological problem as a real problemPublication . Matos, Alda; Cabo, Paula; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Fernandes, AntónioThe vast majority of environmental problems derive from human action, by dangerously disrupting the natural activity of the biosphere. However, as ecological problems are piling up also a greater ecological awareness is developing in the world, supported by several Non-Governmental Organizations – NGO. These organizations often lead governments in the creation of funds for the protection of ecosystems and endangered species. In fact, although legal regulations put pressure on governments to adopt greener policies, recent history shows that there is still a long way to go, since the ecological question does not obey merely the legal norms, but mainly to individual and community ethical values. This work examines the environmental crisis in the perspective of a real and global problem, linked to the concept of Sustainable Development – SD. It aims to instigate a greater sensitivity to environmental issues in the decision-making entities, encouraging them to be more involved in the adoption of more sustainable development models. The study relies on a critical review of the literature. To understand how it reached to a saturation point of the environment on a global scale, it highlights the environmental crisis and the awakening of consciences to the principles of SD, the hegemonic development of capitalism and the environmental ethics, in the context of carrying capacity of the planet. The environmental ethics and the planet's carrying capacity At the beginning of the new millennium the indicators show that mankind consumes natural resources 50% more than the Earth can provide. The ecological footprint is twice the 1966 ecological footprint (WWF, 2010), requiring 1.5 planets to satisfy the needs of the current society. A sustainable community is generally defined as one that is able to meet their needs without reducing the related odds for the next generations. The Earth resistance limits clearly indicate that as the consumption of energy accelerates more quickly decreases the real time available for species. Thus, an organism that consumes their livelihood faster than the environment produces them has no chance to survive (Tiezzi 1988). Throughout human evolution, it can be found registers of societies whose criteria to satisfaction of needs have their genesis in the carrying capacity of the environment (Fernandes, 2001), connecting to the cosmos and feeling part of it. In these societies, the man is connected by ties of training and information to land, air, water, plants and animals (Branco 1989). Closely linked to the society development is the concept of 'carrying capacity' expression originally proposed by the ecology, indicating the maximum theoretical density of individuals that the environment can support in the long-term (Odum 1997). This concept is much more complex when related to human societies. In fact, in these societies, the carrying capacity takes on a new dimension to incorporate other elements such as technology, accumulated knowledge and the relationship between social groups (Odum, 1997). It shows how human societies have skills to acquire and incorporate natural resources from other environments or societies (Odum, 1997). So, while poor countries cannot meet their needs with their own resources, technological resources and accumulation of knowledge, the rich countries' lifestyle based on high consumption of resources, energy and technology largely exceeded the carrying capacity of their territories. To satisfy their demand, they import energy, goods and services from poor countries, which mean an extension of the carrying capacity promoted by political, economic and even military mechanisms (Odum, 1997). If, for example, each person wishes to achieve the lifestyle of an American, it would not be possible to accommodate the entire planet’s population. Americans represent 4% of world population, but consume 33% of energy and natural resources of the world (Medina, 2010). In the begin of this millennium the developed countries represented less than 25% of the world population, but consuming 75% of all the energy produced, 70% of fuels, 85% of timber and 72% of steel (Kraemer, 2003). This development model requires high rates of rejection of waste and effluents. Therefore, while developed societies perform as a model for all other societies, it rejects the maintenance of the natural system which systematically is destroyed (Medina, 2010). There have been several discourses grounded in ethics and solidarity to deal with the ecological crisis. Arruda (1998) appeals to the logics of the ‘solidarity socio-economy’, of the ‘being’ and the ‘enough’, as opposed to the logic of the ‘big’, of the ‘only has value who owns’ and the ‘unlimited growth’. Similarly, Fernandes (2001) considers the ‘ethics of the necessary’, a reflection on what is the quality of life and the individual and social needs and desires, given the physical limits of the Earth, the technological uncertainties and the prospective of reducing inequalities between people. Acselrad (2006) argues that the ‘discourse of efficiency’ is the dominant model in liberal economies; the remaining ones correspond to alternative proposals to achieve sustainable development, all having the same common denominator – the reduction. Main findings Development is a geographical, vast, dynamic and constantly changing concept. What seems to be transversal to all communities is ensuring an improvement project of life quality. Thus, in every time and place, each social group acquires and adapts the resources according to their beliefs, values, culture, social organization and the dominant economic system. In the last half of the twentieth century, societies assumed the development as a right, and the governments were responsible for achieving it. However, the economic centred models that were adopted resulted in extreme inequalities between world northern and southern countries. Overall, cultural diversity was despised and adjusted to global hegemonic model, turning people into monocultural societies. The ecology radically reproves the rationality of modern society and the prevailing economic ideology, and various thinkers claim that the current capitalist expansion stage will result in further increase in social inequalities, injustices and intense devastation of nature. Even so, the socio-political dynamic continues incompatible with the carrying capacity of the planet, compromising the quality of life of future generations. Therefore, it is necessary to change mentalities and to promote an ethical attitude of respect for nature, as advocated by the world summits, environmental NGO and science, in order to test a new paradigm of social organization.
- Características físicas e organoléticas promotoras do consumo do melPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Fernandes, António; Cabo, PaulaThis research aimed to identify physical and organoleptic characteristics that promote honey consumption. A cross-sectional study was carried out, based on a non-probabilistic sample of 474 individuals. A binary logistic regression model was estimated for a significance level of 1%. The taste, color, origin and certification seal were identified as promoters of honey consumption. These characteristics explained 68.9% of honey consumption. Therefore, it is concluded that honey is a product to which the consumer recognize authenticity and innate attributes.