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- Associations between fruit and vegetable variety and low-grade inflammation in Portuguese adolescents from LabMed physical activity studyPublication . Almeida-de-Souza, Juliana; Santos, Rute; Lopes, Luís; Abreu, Sandra; Moreira, Carla; Padrão, Patrícia; Mota, Jorge; Moreira, PedroPurpose: The dietary guidelines for the consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables have been recognized as an important factor for achieving healthy eating patterns to reduce the risk of chronic disease throughout the lifespan. Our aim is to assess the association between fruit and vegetable variety and low-grade inflammation in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 412 adolescents (ages 14.4 ± 1.7 years; 52% girls). The consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire, considering the number of individual/category of fruit or vegetable intake at least once month, and categorized into tertiles. Blood samples were collected to determine C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), complement component 3 (C3), and 4 (C4). We created categories of lower or higher (inflammatory state) for each biomarker, considering sex- and age-adjusted median values. Then, we computed an overall inflammatory score, by adding all points awarded wherein one point was assigned if biomarker was higher or zero if lower, and created categories of 0–1 or 2–4 biomarkers above the median. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% interval confidence (95% CI) were calculated from binary logistic regression to estimate the magnitude of association between fruit and vegetable variety and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: Adolescents with a greater variety of vegetable consumption (≥13 categories/month) had lower odds of having a higher CRP (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15–0.64, ptrend = 0.004) when compared to those with lower variety consumption (≤6 categories/month), independent of vegetable quantity intake. However, a greater variety of fruit consumption (≥12 categories/month) had higher odds of having a higher IL-6 (OR 4.41, 95% CI 1.67–11.71, ptrend = 0.012), C3 (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.23–8.86, ptrend = 0.047), and inflammatory score (OR 4.90, 95% CI 1.62–14.86, ptrend = 0.017), when compared to those with lower variety consumption (≤9 categories/month), independent of fruit quantity intake, only for girls. Conclusions: The consumption of a variety of vegetables is inversely associated with lower CRP. This finding supports the current dietary guidelines regarding the consumption of a variety of vegetables. The role of fruit variety in low-grade inflammation should be further studied.
- Consumo de Alimentos Ultraprocessados: Relação com Risco de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 nos estudantes do Campus da Santa ApolóniaPublication . Magalhães, Ana; Cunha, Daniela; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Fernandes, António; Almeida-de-Souza, Juliana; Cunha, DanielaEstudos mostraram uma associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e um maior risco de Diabetes Tipo 2. A crescente prevalência do diabetes tipo 2 em jovens destaca a importância de entender e abordar os hábitos alimentares desde cedo. Objetivos: Avaliar a relação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados com o risco de Diabetes Tipo 2. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, transversal realizado numa amostra de 27 estudantes, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos (20,3±1,9). Foi aplicado um questionário sobre dados sócio-demográficos e realizada uma entrevista para avaliar o risco de diabetes tipo 2, adaptada para as Recomendações Nacionais do Programa Nacional de Controlo da Diabetes, assim como um recordatório alimentar de 24horas. Os alimentos foram classificados de acordo com os quatro grupos da classificação NOVA feita pela ONU para Alimentação e Agricultura. Resultados: Dos 27 participantes, 66,7% eram do sexo feminino, predominantemente de nacionalidade portuguesa (96,3%), a residir numa vila (40,7%), a viver em agregados familiares com 3-4 pessoas (88,8%). A maioria nunca fumou (51,9%), mas consumia bebidas alcoólicas (59,3%) e tinham um consumo médio de 160g de alimentos processados. Relativamente ao risco de vir a desenvolver diabetes Tipo 2, a maior parte dos inquiridos apresentou predominantemente um baixo risco de desenvolver a doença (59,3%). Verificou que os que consumiam mais do que 160g de alimentos ultraprocessados (NOVA-4) tinham tendencialmente um risco de diabetes mais baixo (62,5%, p=0,079). Discussão/conclusão: Neste estudo verificou-se uma tendência para um maior consumo de ultraprocessados (NOVA-4) e um menor risco de Diabetes Tipo 2. No entanto, estudos epidemiológicos longitudinais observaram um maior risco de Diabetes tipo 2 associado a uma maior proporção destes alimentos na dieta. O aumento da prevalência da Diabetes tipo 2 em jovens, ressalta a necessidade urgente de compreender e abordar a influência dos hábitos alimentares desde idades precoces.
- Maternal overweight and obesity versus breastfeeding successPublication . Lucas, Cláudia; Teixeira, Diana; Silvestre, Vera; Almeida-de-Souza, Juliana; Ferreira, Eva Pinto
- Olive oil consumption confers protective effects on maternal-fetal outcomes: A systematic review of the evidencePublication . Cortez-Ribeiro, Anna Carolina; Meireles, Manuela; Ferro-Lebres, Vera; Almeida-de-Souza, JulianaBecause of the maternal diet's importance, numerous studies have examined the effects of olive oil on pregnancy outcomes. This study provides a systematic review that evaluates the evidence between olive oil consumption and maternal-fetal outcomes. We hypothesized that olive oil reduced the risk of adverse pregnancy complications. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde electronic databases (October and November 2021). The keywords used were pregnancy, olive oil, and pregnancy outcomes. This review included all the available studies in English and Portuguese. The exclusion criteria were (1) unrelated to olive oil consumption, (2) other outcomes, and (3) animal studies. The review included 9 articles (6 experimental and 3 observational). In the maternal outcome studies (n = 6), a higher olive oil consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and cardiovascular risk. In the fetal outcome studies (n = 8), olive oil consumption was associated with a lower risk for small- or large-for-gestational-age infants. Olive oil consumption confers protective effects on pregnancy outcomes; however, further studies are needed that are specifically designed for the impact of olive oil consumption on maternal-fetal outcomes.
- Relação entre a alimentação e saúde materna com a saúde do recém-nascidoPublication . Sousa, Cátia Nadir; Almeida-de-Souza, Juliana; Fernandes, AntónioO Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) prégestacional e o Ganho de Peso Gestacional (GPG) da mãe têm sido negativamente associados à saúde da descendência. A relação entre a dieta, glicémia e tensão arterial materna com a saúde do recém-nascido continua desconhecida. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi avaliar a relação entre a alimentação e saúde materna com a saúde do recém-nascido. Através de uma revisão da bibliografia, foram selecionados 35 artigos em várias bases de dados, tais como a Web of Science e a PubMed. Os artigos foram analisados e interpretados, sendo que os principais resultados foram registados, para posterior discussão. Concluiu-se que o elevado IMC pré-gestacional e o GPG excessivo influenciam o aumento de peso ao nascer do RN e que uma tensão arterial elevada durante a gravidez influenciam o baixo peso ao nascer do RN. Quanto à relação entre a dieta e a glicémia da mulher com a saúde do RN, continua desconhecida, devido à escassez e inconsistência dos resultados encontrados.
- Breastfeeding practices, appetite regulation and growth in healthy children in preschoolPublication . Soares, Daniela; Moura, Daniela; Reis, Lucinda; Soares, Sara; Almeida-de-Souza, JulianaBackground Breastfeeding shapes food intake in children, through previous experience of basic flavors derived from the maternal diet by intrauterine life, by breast milk and also by the experience during the first year of life (Vereijken et al. 2011). In food choices, children only consider their preferences, based on known basic flavors, and these same preferences are now involved in appetite regulation (Faith et al. 2004). Developing the necessary skills to make safe and nutritious choices is undoubtedly a fundamental achievement that supports healthy growth. (Vereijken et al., 2011). Objective Evaluate the association between breastfeeding practices, the Appetite Regulation and Healthy Growth in children between 3 and 5 years old. Methodology A total of 327 children aged between 3 and 5 years old, living in the city of Braganza-Portugal and who attend kindergartens, were included in the sample. Two questionnaire were filled by parents of children: (1) A questionnaire regarding the regulation of appetite, Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-CEBQ (Wardle et al. 2001). adapted to Portugal (Viana et al. 2008), which includes eight scales: Food responsiveness—FR, Emotional over-eating—EOE, Enjoyment of food–EF, Desire to drink—DD, Satiety responsiveness—SR, Slowness in eating—SE, Emotional under-eating—EUE, Food fussiness— FF. (2) A Question about breastfeeding practices in the period of 0–6 months to identify if the child was exclusively breastfed or not. Finally we proceeded the anthropometric measurements (weight, height and calculate BMI) of children and them BMI were categorized according to CDC recommendations (Kuczmarski RJ et al. 2002). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 20.0 using the Kruskal–Wallis test (F) and Mann–Whitney-Wilcoxon test (Z). Results The sample mean age was 4 ± 0.8 years old. Children were mostly girls (51.7 %) and having been breastfed minority (43.7 %). A relation was found between breastfeeding practices and the score of one of from CEBQ scales (DD): FR(F = -0.185, p = 0.912), EOE(F = 2.436, p = 0.296), RS(F = 1.437, p = 0.488), SE(F = -0.463, p = 0.793), DD(F = 9.895, p = 0.007), SR(F = 1.877, p = 0.391), EUE(F = 1.428, p = 0.490), FF(F = 5.422, p = 0.066). A relation was found between the score of the scales of CEBQ and percentiles: FR(F = 7,435, p = 0.024), EOE(F = 4,757, p = 0.093), RS(F = 1,473, p = 0.479), SE(F = 4620, p = 0.099), DD(F = 1255, p = 0.534), SR(F = 0337, p = 0.845) EUE(F = 2566, p = 0.277), FF(F = 3038, p = 0.219). Conclusion We detected significant differences between breastfeeding practices and regulation of appetite, particularly in the desire to drink, suggesting that exclusively breastfed infants have a lower desire to drink when compared with the others. There is also the existence of a relation between relative-age percentile BMI and appetite regulation, namely the pleasure of eating. Thus, children who are overweight or obese have a greater pleasure in eating.
- Maternal overweight and obesity versus breastfeedinng sueeess duratioPublication . Lucas, Cláudia; Teixeira, Diana; Silvestre, Vera; Ferreira, Eva Pinto; Almeida-de-Souza, Juliana
- Efeito de intervenções nutricionais com recurso à culinária saudável na alimentação: revisão sistemática da literaturaPublication . Sousa, Cátia Nadir; Almeida-de-Souza, JulianaEstudos de intervenção com recurso à culinária saudável tem resultado em algumas mudanças positivas, nomeadamente no consumo de hortícolas e frutas. No entanto, ainda são poucos estudos em outros grupos de alimentos ou nutrientes e com conclusões inconsistentes. Compreender se os indivíduos, de todas as faixas etárias, que participam em programas de educação nutricional, com recurso à culinária saudável, melhoram os seus hábitos alimentares em comparação com um grupo controlo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de agosto a setembro de 2020, atualizada em junho de 2021, nos motores de busca da PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus, com utilização dos descritores: “diet AND culinary AND intervention”, ou sinónimos. Foram elegíveis os estudos que avaliassem os hábitos alimentares em indivíduos saudáveis de qualquer faixa etária submetidos a um programa de intervenção incluindo 3 ou mais sessões de culinária saudável, comparados a um grupo controlo. Para cada estudo, extraiu-se os dados da metodologia e dos resultados e avaliou-se qualitativamente através da lista Joanna Brigs Institute. Foram selecionados 8 artigos, 5 quase-experimentais e 3 randomizados, com qualidade média de 71%. Os indivíduos do grupo de intervenção melhoraram algum parâmetro da alimentação, após a intervenção, em 75% dos estudos. As melhorias observadas foram o aumento do consumo de hortícolas (n=3), fibra dietética (n=2), cereais integrais (n=1) e alimentos ricos em proteína (n=1). Uma limitação desta revisão revela-se na heterogeneidade metodológica dos estudos, a qual poderá ter ditado alguma confusão nos resultados obtidos. CONCLUSÕES: Os programas de intervenção com recurso à culinária saudável parecem ter um efeito positivo nos hábitos alimentares dos participantes. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos, com um número de sessões elevado, que sustentem conclusões mais consistentes, para estes e outros grupos alimentares e nutrientes.
- Relationship between physical activity and body composition in college studentsPublication . Almeida-de-Souza, Juliana; Santos, Andreia; Barros, Maria; Gonçalves, Patrícia Dinis; Sobral, Susana; Pereira, VanessaOverweight is associated with the higher prevalence of chronic diseases. The daily practice of exercise lead to decrease the body fat percentage, the prevention and treatment of obesity associated with diseases. The aim of this study is to assess the infl uence of physical activity in body composition of college students. The study included 271 students (91 men, 180 women), the average age being 21.6 ± 2.8 years old. Body fat percentage was obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis and the physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA and Turkey test, in statistical software SPSS vs. 18.0. The results showed that the moderate level of physical activity was more prevalent among students of both genders. In males, we found that physical activity infl uenced body fat % (p = 0.03). A multiple comparison analysis identi- fi ed a statically signifi cant difference (p = 0.005) between fat % of individuals classifi ed with a low level (18.0 ± 5.6%) and those with a vigorous level (14.5 ± 3.7%) of physical activity. The opposite was found for female, didn’t exist statically signifi cant differences between physical activity and body fat %.
- Impact of the "Escola de Nutrichefs" program on the quality of school snacks on 1st cycle children, during the covid-19 pandemic - pilot studyPublication . Sousa, Cátia Nadir; Almeida-de-Souza, JulianaPromote the adoption of better eating habits for snacks in children. Quasi-experimental. Private school of 1st cycle of basic education of Portugal. Thirty-four children divided into an intervention (n=22) and control group (n=12). Four nutritional education sessions and eleven healthy cooking education sessions were given to the intervention group. The realization of healthy recipes was expected to be performed by the children, however, only the first three sessions were done and the program was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Later, the remaining eight sessions were resumed in the form of a demonstration. The foods consumed were classified according to the guidelines of the Directorate-General for Education in food “to promote”, “to limit” and “not to make available”. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used. In the first assessment, the participants in the intervention group, had a higher number of foods “to promote” (p=0,007) and fewer number of foods “not to make available” (p=0,010). In the last assessment, the same participants, maintained a higher number of foods “to promote” (p=0,010). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Despite the constraints verified, the program seems to positively influence some food choices for snacks by children.