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- Consequences of greenwashing: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Fernandes, António Pedro Ribeiro; Fernandes, Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Lopes, Isabel Maria; Fernandes, AntónioGreenwashing is reflected in the green marketing strategies that companies and organizations frequently use to increase their competitive advantage and turnover by attracting ecologically conscious consumers. It occurs when the conduct of greenwashers does not align with the information they disclose about their environmental performance. In this context, the main objective of this research was to analyze the consequences of greenwashing practices. To achieve this objective, a systematic literature review was conducted in the Scopus database on August 21, 2023, using defined criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Based on the established selection criteria, 15 documents were analyzed. Most of the analyzed manuscripts were articles, grouped into 9 distinct thematic areas, underscoring the multidisciplinary nature of the greenwashing phenomenon. The results obtained enabled the identification of the consequences of greenwashing practices, with impacts on consumers, investors, cooperating companies, owners/shareholders, and society. Specifically, greenwashing increases confusion and misinformation, fosters consumer skepticism, influences purchase intentions, affects the company's profitability, and can cause significant ethical damage, manipulates society's values towards consumerism, promoting waste, harms consumers' well-being and society’s interests, undermines the credibility of companies and organizations, hinders sustainable purchasing behavior, and leads to a loss of consumer confidence.
- Nurses’ job satisfaction in the post-COVID period: a cross-sectional and quantitative studyPublication . Antão, Celeste; Fernandes, António; Rodrigues, Urbano; Ribeiro, Maria IsabelJob satisfaction (JS) is a crucial variable in organizational behavior and has been studied across different fields. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine nurses’ level of JS at the Northeast Local Health Unit (NLHU) in Portugal and to identify which sociodemographic and organizational variables serve as differentiating factors. This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted across three hospital units integrated into the NLHU from July 2022 to October 2023. A simple random sample of 149 nurses was surveyed through a questionnaire that included sociodemographic variables and the JS Scale by Siqueira (2008). The data were analyzed using software suitable for the Social and Health Sciences. The internal consistency of the JS scale dimensions, assessed using Cronbach's alpha, was good to very good (α > 0.8). The JS was low ( ̄=3.6; SD=0.987), primarily due to dissatisfaction with salaries ( ̄=2.1; SD=1.182) and career progression ( ̄=2.4; SD=1.267). Satisfaction with colleagues ( ̄ =4.6; SD=1.296), work’s nature ( ̄=4.4; SD=1.224), and management ( ̄=4.3; SD=1.518) contributed positively to JS. Furthermore, satisfaction with colleagues varied by age, service length, and contract type (p < 0.05). Additionally, gender was a significant factor in salary satisfaction (p<0.05). Finally, JS differed in terms of service length (p < 0.05). Most nurses were dissatisfied, suggesting the need to implement measures to improve JS, namely, offering more competitive salaries and professional growth through progression in skills, knowledge, and responsibilities over time.
- The effect of environmental and social concerns on sustainable consumption among Portuguese higher education studentsPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Fernandes, António Pedro; Fernandes, Ana Isabel; Fernandes, AntónioSerious environmental and social problems, notably global warming, pollution, biodiversity loss, natural disasters, and the increase in poverty, among others, have encouraged the consumption of environmentally friendly products and amplified actions in favor of the most vulnerable population. This is why sustainable purchasing behavior has received increasing attention from academia, companies, and other professionals in the field. According to the literature, environmental and social concerns significantly increase consumer loyalty to more sustainable products. This article aimed to analyze the relationship between environmental and social concerns and sustainable consumption from the perspective of students attending higher education in Portugal and to determine whether the effect differs by nationality. Participants were selected using a non-random sampling technique. The empirical study was conducted in Portugal between October 2024 and January 2025. The questionnaire, distributed online, contained, in addition to sociodemographic variables, the dimensions of social concerns, environmental concerns, and sustainable onsumption from Hamza et al (2023). For all dimensions, a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) was used. The sample consisted of students attending Portuguese higher education institutions who voluntarily participated in this study. A total of 675 valid responses were considered, of which 493 responses were from students of Portuguese nationality, and 182 were responses from students of other nationalities. The data were edited and processed using Jamovi version 2.7.12.0. First, descriptive statistics were calculated. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was employed, and a multiple regression model was subsequently estimated for Portuguese and other nationalities. The results showed that, regardless of nationality, environmental and social concerns were positively associated with sustainable consumption. For students of Portuguese nationality, these variables explained 61.6% of sustainable consumption, whereas for students of other nationalities, the recorded value was 70.2%. Furthermore, social concerns took precedence over environmental concerns, with a greater impact on international students than on domestic students. Sustainable consumption has been a growing concern since the 1990s. Minimizing environmental pollution and waste, while reducing social inequality, are concerns for everyone, including the productive sector, whose focus should be on meeting consumer needs, who can be important drivers of sustainability by opting for more responsible business practices.
- Perceptions of higher education students on bioeconomy: a comparative study between Portugal and BrazilPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Tomazini, Cecilia; Perondi, Miguel; Fernandes, António Pedro Ribeiro; Fernandes, Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Fernandes, AntónioCurrently, sustainability is a pressing issue, driven by environmental disasters caused by human activities that threaten the planet's life. Thus, the aim is to harmonize conflicts between economic, environmental, and social spheres by harnessing the ancestral knowledge of traditional communities and developing clean, innovative technologies that can mitigate the impacts of human actions, generate financial returns, and enhance social well-being. In this context, bioeconomy is considered by numerous scientists, politicians, and managers as a means to achieve sustainability or a bioeconomic state, as it conceives of the economy as dependent on nature; that is, the environment and the economy must be in balance in the same equation, which does not reduce economic activity to a mere mechanism nor nature to a source of raw materials. In this way, the bioeconomy encompasses biotechnology and bioresources, with the development of clean technologies using renewable raw materials to create new bio-based products, as well as bioecology, which involves valuing ecosystem services and promoting environmental protection. However, for the bioeconomy to be widely incorporated into concrete actions, it needs broad social acceptance, since it will be people, especially young people of current and future generations, who will implement it. In this sense, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions and level of knowledge of young higher education students in Brazil and Portugal regarding the term 'Bioeconomy', and verify whether factors such as nationality, place of residence, and scientific field of study of the course attended influence their knowledge about the topic. A crosssectional, quantitative, analytical survey was conducted using an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28, and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare knowledge levels between the two nationalities, controlling for place of residence and field of study. The survey received 878 responses, with 74.9% of respondents being of Portuguese nationality and 25.1% being Brazilian. It was found that Brazilian students are more familiar with the term Bioeconomy (53.2%) than Portuguese respondents (37.1%). Furthermore, Brazilians also have a higher level of knowledge, with 47.2% of students classified as having a very good or good level, compared to 22.6% for the Portuguese. Regarding sociodemographic data, for the Brazilian group, an association was observed between place of residence and the level of knowledge in Bioeconomy, with a higher level of knowledge among residents of urban areas. For the Portuguese, the difference was observed in the field of study, with a greater inclination towards Biological Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, and Engineering. Thus, public and private initiatives in countries related to sustainable development and the bioeconomy directly influence students' knowledge and support for the bioeconomy since Brazil makes significant investments in higher education, science, and technology linked to the bioeconomy, which can be evidenced by the higher level of knowledge about the bioeconomy among Brazilians.
- FTIR coupled with chemometrics as a non-invasive tool for PDO olive oils’ discriminationPublication . Lamas, Sandra; Ruano, Daniela; Rodrigues, Nuno; Barreiro, Filomena; Peres, António M.; Pereira, José AlbertoQuality schemes protect the diversity of traditional European foods, such as the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). Only the olive oils from extra virgin and virgin commercial categories can be labelled with a PDO or PGI. In Portugal, currently, there are six PDOs. Olive oils labelled as PDO present a superior chemical-sensory quality. Nevertheless, from a commercial point of view it is of paramount importance to be able to identify them according to the correct label, avoiding fraud and ensuring the consumer regarding the exact origin of the purchased oil. Non-invasive and fast techniques, like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), have been applied to assess olive oil origin and to detect fraud and adulterations. Thus, this work aimed to use FTIR spectra coupled with linear discriminant analysis-simulated annealing algorithm (LDA-SA) to classify commercial olive oils belonging to three Portuguese PDOs, namely, ‘Alentejo Interior’, ‘Beira Interior’, and ‘Trás-os-Montes’. The results showed that a FTIR-LDA-SA model could classify 30 independent oils according to the correct PDO with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (training, leave-one-out cross-validation) and a sensitivity of 97.5% for the repeated K-fold cross-validation), based on the transmittance values recorded at six selected wavenumbers.
- Uso de membranas incorporadas com cortiça para a purificação de biodiesel de óleo residualPublication . Romansina, Bruna Clara; Brito, Paulo; Paschoal, Sirlei M.; Gomes, Maria Carolina SérgiO biodiesel vem ganhando destaque no mundo por possuir matéria-prima renovável, além de ser menos poluente que os combustíveis fósseis. Após a transesterificação, é necessária a separação e purificação dos ésteres, sendo empregadas lavagens aquosas para remover o glicerol. Porém, este processo convencional requer um alto volume de água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o processo de separação utilizando membranas poliméricas funcionalizadas com cortiça como alternativa na purificação de biodiesel. O biodiesel foi produzido por transesterificação etílica utilizando óleo de algodão residual e NaOH como catalisador. As membranas foram produzidas pelo método de inversão de fases empregando polietersulfona como polímero, polivinilpirrolidona como copolímero, dimetilacinamida como solvente e cortiça como aditivo. As membranas foram caracterizadas em termos de permeabilidade hidráulica e MEV. O processo de separação foi realizado em um módulo de membranas e avaliou-se a filtração em duas fases distintas da produção do biodiesel. A primeira fase após a transesterificação e a segunda foi após a decantação da mistura reacional, utilizando a fase leve rica em ésteres. A menor concentração de glicerol obtida no permeado foi 0,097 ± 0,006%, na filtração da fase leve contendo os ésteres, representando uma retenção do glicerol pela membrana foi de 99,65%.
- Projeto Bio Ilhas: Conectando Ciência e Educação para sensibilizar para a importância da conservação dos rios.Publication . Ferreira, Nathália Borges Bartoli; Sá, Isabel; Nogueira, Clotilde; Fachada, Ivone; Calheiros, Cristina Sousa Coutinho; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Pereira, Ana I.O projeto Bio Ilhas, promovido pelo Centro de Ciência Viva de Bragança e financiado pela Fundação La Caixa, representa uma aplicação inovadora de Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SBN) para a recuperação de ecossistemas aquáticos urbanos através da instalação de ilhas flutuantes artificiais. Este projeto combina ciência, educação e divulgação para promover a conservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos. As ilhas flutuantes têm o objetivo de promover a biodiversidade, mitigar impactos ambientais e melhorar a qualidade da água. No âmbito deste projeto foram instaladas ilhas flutuantes nos rios Fervença, em Bragança, e Côa, próximo ao Museu Côa-Parque, com áreas de 4m² e 3m², respetivamente. Os materiais utilizados na composição das ilhas foram o aglomerado de cortiça e o poliestireno reciclado, suportando plantas aquáticas com capacidade de remover nutrientes e melhorar a qualidade da água. Serão efetuadas monitorizações regulares para avaliar parâmetros como a qualidade da água, a taxa de sobrevivência das plantas, a colonização por macroinvertebrados e a utilização pela fauna terrestre e aquática. As ilhas, para além de contribuírem para o fomento da biodiversidade local, servem também como ferramentas educacionais para envolver a comunidade em atividades de educação ambiental e ciência cidadã. O projeto reforça a importância da integração da natureza em áreas urbanas, com impacto direto na qualidade de vida e no envolvimento social, estimulando a literacia ambiental e incentivando ações de conservação.
- Fármacos en el agua: Sensibilización para la mitigación de sus impactos en los ecosistemas y en la sociedadPublication . Voznakova, Alena; Canle, Moisés; Geraldes, Ana MariaLa creciente presencia de residuos farmacéuticos en los ecosistemas acuáticos ha emergido como un problema ambiental significativo y poco visibilizado. Fármacos de uso común, como antibióticos, analgésicos y betabloqueantes, ingresan al ambiente a través de aguas residuales, desechos industriales y prácticas inadecuadas de disposición de medicamentos, persistiendo en cuerpos de agua superficiales y subterráneos. Los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas convencionales no están diseñados para eliminar completamente estos compuestos, lo que provoca una acumulación gradual con efectos adversos tanto en la biodiversidad y los ecosistemas asociados. Este artículo aborda los efectos de los fármacos en organismos acuáticos, tales como la toxicidad combinada y el desarrollo de resistencias antimicrobianas. Además, se explora el impacto a largo plazo en los ecosistemas, y los riesgos asociados para la salud humana. Finalmente, se subraya el rol fundamental de la educación ambiental en la creación de conciencia pública sobre los impactos de los residuos farmacéuticos y la importancia de promover cambios en los comportamientos sociales.
- Addressing the Challenges of Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Project ManagementPublication . Almeida, Pedro M.; Freitas, Filipa; Fernandes, Gabriela; Santos, José M.R.C.A.; Moniz, SamuelIn recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been transforming various fields, including Project Management (PM). While AI offers significant benefits to PM, its implementation also presents several challenges. This paper explores some of the main barriers faced by organizations when integrating AI into PM practice. Through a review of current literature, this study identifies major challenges, such as the creation of unemployment, the need for upskilled project managers, erosion capabilities of project managers, ethical issues, high initial investment, security and data privacy concerns, and data availability. By analyzing these challenges, this paper provides insights into strategic approaches for overcoming them, emphasizing the importance of change management strategies, investment in training, development of clear ethical regulations, and the highlighting the need for Project managers to develop a versatile skills set that balances technical proficiency with human-centric skills like empathy, adaptability, collaborative mindset, and emotional intelligence. These findings help to equip PM professionals with the necessary knowledge to navigate through the complexities of AI implementation effectively, while also guides scholars for future research on this emergent field.
- An Assessment of Food Consumption Practices in the Mozambican Provinces of Inhambane and Gaza: Implications for Mycotoxin Exposure RiskPublication . Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Mussalama, Edson; Manhiça, Agnaldo; Cabo, Paula; Venâncio, Armando; Rodrigues, Paula; Macuamule, CustódiaIn Mozambique, mycotoxins represent a public health threat. The paucity of research and the absence of monitoring programs exacerbate the population’s risk of exposure. This study aimed to describe the dietary habits of populations in Gaza and Inhambane provinces and to investigate potential differences in average monthly consumption by province, place of residence, sex, and age group. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 55 households and a total of 300 individuals (Gaza: n=151; Inhambane: n=149). Data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The analysis revealed that household diets were predominantly composed of “Dairy products” where milk stood out, “Vegetables and greens”, notably onions and lettuce/watercress, “Beverages”, primarily water and tea, “Fruits”, such as mango, fresh tomato, and banana, “Bread, cereals and related products”, particularly rice, “Eggs, meat and fish”, namely fresh fish and eggs. Furthermore, the most consumed fats and sweets are oils and sugar, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between provinces: Inhambane exhibited higher consumption of “Dairy products”, “Fruits”, and “Beverages”. The results showed that consumption patterns across most food groups were dependent by place of residence. Additionally, sex and age were associated with different consumption of “Dairy products” and “Beverages”, respectively. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of dietary patterns in Gaza and Inhambane provinces and underscore the widespread consumption of foods vulnerable to mycotoxin contamination. The results offer a critical foundation for developing targeted sampling strategies to assess fungal and mycotoxin contamination and for conducting risk assessments of population exposure.