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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Sabendo hoje que as questões relacionadas com a recepção, descodificação e
utilização da informação são fundamentais para o exercício de uma cidadania plena
parece claro que uma investigação aprofundada sobre o fenómeno popularmente
conhecido como “Fake News” é merecedora da maior atualidade. Os recentes
eventos, quer no campo político, quer, muito particularmente no campo da saúde
pública com a proliferação de informação enganosa (por exemplo no que diz respeito
aos efeitos das vacinas ou ao número real de vítimas de Covid-19) tem vindo de forma
clara a demonstrar os perigos criados pela disseminação e consumo de informação
não verificada Assim sendo, este trabalho utiliza dados recolhidos durante recolhidos
em quatro turmas do 1º ano de uma instituição do ensino superior (duas em cada ano)
ao longo de dois anos. Antes de entrar na análise dos dados recolhidos, investigamos
a génese e a definição do conceito de “fake news” e tentamos adiantar uma definição
operativa do fenómeno. Num segundo tempo apontam-se razões e mecanismos para
a sua produção, consumo e disseminação, terminado numa análise dos seus efeitos.
Dá-se uma especial atenção ao papel desempenhado pelas plataformas vulgarmente
conhecidas como “redes sociais” na produção e disseminação de notícias enganosas.
Um outro aspeto merecedor de destaque é o da motivação económica subjacente à
criação e disseminação de notícias falsas (mas apelativas). Utilizam-se os dados
recolhidos junto dos alunos para aquilatar da forma como lidam com esta situação,
nomeadamente que estratégias têm para pesquisa, recolha e avaliação da informação
e de que forma tais estratégias contribuem para o desenvolvimento de uma saudável
literacia informacional. Em função desta análise o trabalho termina apontando
algumas formas eventuais de, a montante e a jusante, intervir de forma a limitar ao
máximo e tanto quanto possível, o efeito deletério das “fake”news”, embora se
reconheça que essas formas de intervenção exijam, regra geral, um grau de
engajamento e comprometimento por parte do utilizador que é muitas vezes difícil de
alcançar e que o carácter superficialmente estimulante e atrativo deste tipo de
publicações é ele próprio um dos principais obstáculos à sua erradicação.
Consideramos, em suma, que a implementação temporã de uma literacia
informacional saudável é fundamental para a capacidade de utilizar criticamente a
informação disponível.
With the knowledge that presently issues concerned with accessing, decoding, and using information are paramount for the prosecution of an active citizenship it seems evident that in-depth research is needed on the phenomenon popularly known as “fake news” and is inline when current trends. Recent events, ranging from the political fields to the field of public health (with, for instances, current proliferation of misleading information regarding the effects of vaccines or the real numbers of Covid-19 casualties) have come to very clearly shed light on the threats created by the spread and consumption of unverified information. Thus, this paper uses data gathered across two years, from four school classes from the 1st year of a superior studies institution (two each year). Prior to the analysis of data gathered we delve on the origin and definition of the concept of fake news and we try to put forward a working definition of this phenomenon. In a second moment we put forward reasons and mechanism accounting for the production, usage and dissemination leading to an analysis of their effects. Special attention is paid the platforms commonly known as “social networks” in producing and disseminating misleading information. Another issue worth investigating is the economic aspect underlying the production of fake news. We the use data gathered from the students to assess how they deal with this state of affairs, namely the strategies they develop for information research, retrieval and usage and how such strategies can contribute to foster a healthy informational literacy. Considering this analysis this work concludes by pointing out some possible strategies to, upstream and downstream, intervene so as to limit as much as possible the detrimental effect of fake news, although it is acknowledged that such measures require, as a rule, a degree of commitment and effort from the user that is often difficult to achieve and that the superficially stimulating and attractive features of this kind of publications is, in itself, one of the main obstacles to their prevention. We consider, briefly, the early implementation of a healthy informational literacy is fundamental to foster the ability to critically use available information.
With the knowledge that presently issues concerned with accessing, decoding, and using information are paramount for the prosecution of an active citizenship it seems evident that in-depth research is needed on the phenomenon popularly known as “fake news” and is inline when current trends. Recent events, ranging from the political fields to the field of public health (with, for instances, current proliferation of misleading information regarding the effects of vaccines or the real numbers of Covid-19 casualties) have come to very clearly shed light on the threats created by the spread and consumption of unverified information. Thus, this paper uses data gathered across two years, from four school classes from the 1st year of a superior studies institution (two each year). Prior to the analysis of data gathered we delve on the origin and definition of the concept of fake news and we try to put forward a working definition of this phenomenon. In a second moment we put forward reasons and mechanism accounting for the production, usage and dissemination leading to an analysis of their effects. Special attention is paid the platforms commonly known as “social networks” in producing and disseminating misleading information. Another issue worth investigating is the economic aspect underlying the production of fake news. We the use data gathered from the students to assess how they deal with this state of affairs, namely the strategies they develop for information research, retrieval and usage and how such strategies can contribute to foster a healthy informational literacy. Considering this analysis this work concludes by pointing out some possible strategies to, upstream and downstream, intervene so as to limit as much as possible the detrimental effect of fake news, although it is acknowledged that such measures require, as a rule, a degree of commitment and effort from the user that is often difficult to achieve and that the superficially stimulating and attractive features of this kind of publications is, in itself, one of the main obstacles to their prevention. We consider, briefly, the early implementation of a healthy informational literacy is fundamental to foster the ability to critically use available information.
Description
Keywords
Fake news Profilaxia Desinformação Literacia informacional Cidadania ativa
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Sousa, João Sérgio de Pina Carvalho; Martins, Cristina (2022). Fake news - um obstáculo a uma cidadania ativa uma análise em contexto académico. In Vitor Gonçalves; Ana García-Valcárcel; José António Moreira; Pilar Gutiez Cuevas; Maria Raquel Patrício (Eds.) VIII Conferência Ibérica de Inovação na Educação com TIC: ieTIC2022: livro de resumos. Bragança
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança