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- Exercício na prevenção e tratamento das patologias metabólicas: um projeto de intervenção na comunidade de BragançaPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroO presente projeto de intervenção tem como objetivo a implementação de estratégias digitais e biológicas, visando a melhoria do bem-estar e a promoção da saúde no município de Bragança. Enquadrado no Projeto GreenHealth (Norte-01- 0145-FEDER-000042), pretende-se expor a importância da atividade física e dos estilos de vida saudáveis em problemas de Saúde Pública como a Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e a Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2). O projeto tem duas fases de implementação: (1) fase exploratória através de rastreios para estimar o risco de SM e DM2 na população alvo; (2) fase de intervenção com a implementação de programas de avaliação antropométrica, da atividade física e da condição física, assim como subsequente prescrição de exercício físico. A primeira fase será baseada no questionário de avaliação de risco de DM2 da Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia e na avaliação epidemiológica de uma amostra representativa da comunidade brigantina. Esta fase pretende avaliar a prevalência de SM e DM2, bem como o número de pessoas em risco alto e muito alto. Posteriormente, a segunda fase do projeto visa promover atividades de intervenção ao nível da atividade física e do exercício físico. Dados preliminares da primeira fase do projeto demonstram uma elevada prevalência de SM e de DM2 na população estudada, tal como elevados índices de obesidade, dislipidemia, hipertensão e aumento da resistência à insulina. Estes factos enfatizam a necessidade de implementação de estratégias que visem a prevenção destas doenças metabólicas, especialmente pelo fomento do aumento da atividade física, realizada de forma controlada e consciente.
- Trails4Health: Turismo Ativo em Espaços de MontanhaPublication . Costa, M.J.; Santos, Catarina C.; Roque, Vitor; Casanova, Natalina; Casanova, Jorge; Bartolomeu, Raúl Filipe; Bragada, José A.O livro reporta-se para trilhos pedestres da Serra da Estrela. É feita uma avaliação e caracterização de três dos principais trilhos. É apresentada uma avaliação fisiológica dos referidos percursos.
- Young masters vs. elite swimmers: comparison of performance, energetics, kinematics and efficiencyPublication . Mejias, J. Erik; Bragada, José A.; Costa, M.J.; Reis, Victor M.; Garrido, Nuno D.; Barbosa, Tiago M.Competition in masters swimming is getting tougher. Athletes are dedicating more time and effort to excel in masters competitions than they use to. Research question: What are the factors associated with masters and elite swimmers performance? Type of study: A cohort group comparison (young master versus elite swimmers) and a correlational study (association between selected variables and performance) were conducted. Purpose: The aim was to identify the energetics, kinematics and efficiency variables associated with young masters (former elite) and elite swimmers performance as well as compare it between both cohort groups. Methods: Twenty male swimmers (masters: N=8, 29.75±3.80-y; elite: N=12, 20.41±3.20-yld) performed a 7x200m freestyle swim. The performance (200m freestyle at official competition), velocity at which the 4 mmol.l-1 of blood lactate was assessed (V4), peak blood lactate concentrations (Lapeak), peak oxygen up-take (VO2peak), minimum velocity to elicited VO2peak (vVO2peak), total energy expenditure (Ėtot), stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL), mean swimming velocity (v), energy cost (C), stroke index (SI) and propelling efficiency (p) to check whether this was achieved. Results: Elite swimmers presented a better performance. V4, VO2peak, vVO2peak, Ėtot , SF, v and SI were significantly higher in elite swimmers. For both groups performance was associated with the V4, vVO2peak and v. In addition, elite swimmers’ performance was impaired with regard to the Lapeak. Conclusions: Young masters swimmers presented impairment in performance related to a decrease in the energetics profile and biomechanical behaviour. Nevertheless, their previous background as elite swimmers allowed them to maintain high swimming efficiency.
- Aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 months's physical activity training program in elderly womenPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Carvalho, Joana; Mota, Paula; Bragada, José A.Research clearly shows that physical activity (PA) is an important factor to develop and maintain good health and adequate body functions in older people. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 month physical activity program (PAP) in Forty subjects divided in two groups (control, n=20; and experimental, n=20) were evaluated twice, at the beginning and after a 4-month-activity program period. This program called “+ age + health” consists of 3 week ses- sions of one hour each, based on walking and aerobic exercises. The control group had, at its first evaluation, the fol- lowings characteristics: average body mass 68kg±15, 28±5 BMI, 37%±5 body fat, 2.2kg±0.4 bone mass, 42%±9 lean body mass and did 129 repetitions ± 46 on a 2-Minute Step Test (2MST). The assessment of anthropometric and mor- phological variables was measured through an electrical bioimpedance scale (TANITA - BC 545). Aerobic endurance was evaluated from a 2MST
- Aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 months's physical activity training program in elderly womenPublication . Monteiro, A.M.; Carvalho, Joana; Mota, Paula; Bragada, José A.Research clearly shows that physical activity (PA) is an important factor to develop and maintain good health and adequate body functions in older people. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine aerobic performance and morphological modifications after a 4 month physical activity program (PAP) in elderly. METHODS Forty subjects divided in two groups (control, n=20; and experimental, n=20) were evaluated twice, at the beginning and after a 4-month-activity program period. This program called “+ age + health” consists of 3 week sessions of one hour each, based on walking and aerobic exercises. The control group had, at its first evaluation, the followings characteristics: average body mass 68kg±15, 28±5 BMI, 37%±5 body fat, 2.2kg±0.4 bone mass, 42%±9 lean body mass and did 129 repetitions ± 46 on a 2-Minute Step Test (2MST). The assessment of anthropometric and morphological variables was measured through an electrical bioimpedance scale (TANITA - BC 545). Aerobic endurance was evaluated from a 2MST.RESULTS In the control group only the percentage of body fat changed significantly, and increased over time. In the experimental group we found a positive relationship between PAP and the majority of morphological variables. The percentage of variation changed in: body fat (-4.3%±7.6, p=0.014), bone mass (2.4%±3.1, p=0.004) and 2MST (33.6%±63.1, p=0.023). In the remaining variables there were no significant modifications. The significant modification in 2MST after the activity period means that the aerobic performance can be improved in elderly, and attenuates the negative effects of age. Moreover, the benefits of PAP can be seen by positive alterations registered in lean body mass and in the percentage of body fat.
- Energetics and biomechanics as determining factors of swimming performance: updating the state of the artPublication . Barbosa, Tiago M.; Bragada, José A.; Reis, Victor M.; Marinho, D.A.; Carvalho, Carlos Manuel Pereira; Silva, A.J.The biophysical determinants related to swimming performance are one of the most attractive topics within swimming science. The aim of this paper was to do an update of the “state of art” about the interplay between performance, energetic and biomechanics in competitive swimming. Throughout the manuscript some recent highlights are described: (i) the relationship between swimmer’s segmental kinematics (segmental velocities, stroke length, stroke frequency, stroke index and coordination index) and his center of mass kinematics (swimming velocity and speed fluctuation); (ii) the relationships between energetic (energy expenditure and energy cost) and swimmer’s kinematics; and (iii) the prediction of swimming performance derived from above mentioned parameters.
- Effects of musical cadence in the acute physiologic adaptations to head-out aquatic exercisesPublication . Barbosa, Tiago M.; Sousa, Vítor F.; Silva, A.J.; Reis, Victor M.; Marinho, D.A.; Bragada, José A.The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between musical cadence and the physiologic adaptations to basic head-out aquatic exercises. Fifteen young and clinically healthy women performed, immersed to the breast, a cardiovascular aquatic exercise called the ‘‘rocking horse.’’ The study design included an intermittent and progressive protocol starting at a 90 b min21 rhythm and increasing every 6 minutes, by 15 b min21, up to 195 b min21 or exhaustion. The rating of perceived effort (RPE) at the maximal heart rate achieved during each bout (HRmax), the percentage of the maximal theoretical heart rate estimated (%HRmax), and the blood lactate concentration ([La-]) were evaluated. The musical cadence was also calculated at 4 mmol L21 of blood lactate (R4), the RPE at R4 (RPE@R4), the HR at R4 (HR@R4), and the %HRmax at R4 (%HRmax@R4). Strong relationships were verified between the musical cadence and the RPE (R2 = 0.85; p , 0.01), the HRmax (R2 = 0.66; p , 0.01), the %HRmax (R2 = 0.61; p , 0.01), and the [La-] (R2 = 0.54; p , 0.01). The R4 was 148.13 6 17.53 b min21, the RPE@R4 was 14.53 6 2.53, the HR@R4 was 169.33 6 12.06 b min21, and the %HRmax@R4 was 85.53 6 5.72%. The main conclusion is that increasing musical cadence created an increase in the physiologic response. Therefore, instructors must choose musical cadences according to the goals of the session they are conducting to achieve the desired intensity.
- Can lab and field testing be complementary in defning physiological effort through the Serra da Estrela routes?Publication . Bartolomeu, Raúl Filipe; Bragada, José A.; Casanova, Natalina; Casanova, Jorge; Costa, M.J.The current classification of the hiking trails using an agreement between lab and eld test is inexistent. The aim of this study was to characterize a single route in a physiological basis.
- Validation of StepTest4all for assessing cardiovascular capacity in young adultsPublication . Bragada, José A.; Bartolomeu, Raúl Filipe; Rodrigues, Pedro M.; Magalhães, Pedro; Bragada, João P.; Morais, J.E.Background: Cardiovascular capacity, expressed as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), is a strong predictor of health and fitness and is considered a key measure of physiological function in the healthy adult population. The purpose of this study was to validate a specific step test (StepTest4all) as an adequate procedure to estimate cardiovascular capacity in young adults. Methods: The sample was composed of 56 participants, including 19 women (aged 21.05 2.39 years, body mass = 57.50 6.64 kg, height = 1.62 0.05 m, body mass index = 22.00 2.92 kg/m2) and 37 men (aged 22.05 3.14 years, body mass = 72.50 7.73 kg, height = 1.76 0.07 m, body mass index = 23.34 2.17 kg/m2). Participants were included in one of the following groups: (i) the group used to predict the VO2max, and (ii) the group used to validate the prediction model. All participants performed the StepTest4all protocol. The step height and the intensity of the effort was determined individually. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were measured continuously during rest, effort, and recovery phases. The validation process included the following three stages: (i) mean data comparison, (ii) simple linear regression, and (iii) Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The linear regression retained, as significant predictors of the VO2max, sex (p < 0.001) and heart rate recovery for one minute (p = 0.003). The prediction equation revealed a high relationship between measurements (R2 = 63.0%, SEE = 5.58). The validation procedure revealed non-significant differences (p > 0.05) between the measured and estimated maximal oxygen uptake, high relationship (R2 = 63.3%), and high agreement with Bland–Altman plots. Thus, VO2max can be estimated with the formula: VO2max = 22 + 0.3 (HRR1min) + 12 (sex), where HRR1min is the magnitude of the HR decrease (bpm) in one minute immediately after the step was stopped, and sex: men = 1, women = 0. Conclusions: The StepTest4all is an adequate procedure to estimate cardiovascular capacity, expressed as VO2max, in young adults. In addition, it is possible to determine the qualitative level of cardiovascular capacity from the heart rate recovery for one minute, more specifically, poor: <20, moderate: 20 to 34, good: 35 to 49, and excellent: 50. This procedure has the benefit of being simple to apply and can be used by everyone, even at home, without specialist supervision.
- Calibration of MTI actigraph in old obese adultPublication . Lopes, Vitor P.; Magalhães, Pedro; Bragada, José A.The purpose was to derive a regression equation that estimatcs energy expenditure from accelerometer counts in oId obese adult. The sample comprised 14 oId obese or overweight adults (63±7 years).