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- Exploring the Influence of Social Media on Tourist Decision-Making: Insights from Cape VerdePublication . Martins, Wilson Semedo; Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Morais, Elisabete PauloThis study explores the influence of social media on tourists’ decision-making processes, focusing on Cape Verde as an emerging tourist destination. The aim is to understand how social media platforms shape tourists’ perceptions and choices and how demographic factors like age and education affect the selection of information sources. A survey was conducted with 259 individuals intending to visit Cape Verde, employing a non-probability convenience sampling method. Data were analysed using chi-square tests to examine associations between age groups, education levels, and the use of social media and information sources. The results reveal significant associations between age and social media platform preference, with older tourists (44–79 years) favouring Facebook and younger tourists (18–29 years) preferring Instagram and TikTok. Additionally, education level influences the choice of information sources; higher-educated individuals are more likely to use social media and conduct independent research, while those with lower education levels tend to rely more on travel agencies and tourism fairs. These findings highlight the importance of tailored marketing strategies that account for demographic differences, offering practical insights for destination marketing organizations (DMOs) to better engage with diverse tourist segments.
- Backpacker conceptualisation criteria: discussion, clarification and operationalisation proposalPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoPurpose – Backpackers can be found all over the world, especially in urban areas where the main enclaves are established. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operationalisation of the term ‘‘backpacker’’ and present a proposal to conceptualise backpackers and backpackers’ segments based on the operational criteria available in literature to avoid incongruities among researchers. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, this study provides a critical review of the backpacker conceptualisation and operationalisation using amethodology divided into three phases, a quantitative analysis based on the Scopus database and a bibliometric analysis coupled with a manual analysis of documents (content analysis). Findings – Substantial heterogeneity and complexity regarding the conceptualisation of backpacker tourism and its diversified subsegments were evident. For this reason, this paper argues that backpacker tourism can and should continue to be analysed from different perspectives, suitably framed in the theoretical instrument constructed to identify and distinguish the different subsegments through its operationalisation features. Originality/value – This study provides a practical contribution to all researchers interested in the topic of backpackers proposing the operationalisation of the term backpacker and it subsegments to avoid disparate results and deviations. This contribution will enable the correct and objective assessment of the operationalisation of this concept for researchers, managers and destination management organisations, identifying exactly what phenomenon is to be studied.
- Backpacking culture and mobilities: Independent and nomadic travelPublication . Martins, Márcio RibeiroOver the last 40 years significant changes have taken place in the world with impact in the tourism industry. The technological development, the emergence and spread of innovations in telecommunications, transports, accommodations, and marketing, and the (re)emergence of public health threats as COVID-19 and the manifestation of natural and anthropic hazards, introduced profound transformations into the way we travel. Backpacker tourism in not an exception.
- Backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban destination: the impact of travel information sourcesPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui Augusto; Moreira, António CarrizoThis research aims to identify the information sources used by backpackers before and during the visit to an urban destination and its influence on the movements performed. It uses a questionnaire survey combined with a GPS app to track the movements of backpackers to identify backpackers' spatiotemporal behavior. A bivariate analysis using non-parametric tests was used to examine the relationships between variables. This study concludes that the consulting online information before the visit has a great deal of influence on the spatiotemporal behavior of the backpackers, namely on the linearity and intensity of the visit. If online information sources are very important due to the intense use of information by backpackers, word of mouth from other travelers should not be disregarded as an important information source. This research can contribute to the definition of more informed and differentiating tourism marketing strategy considering the information sources used and its influence on the movements performed during the visit.
- Os movimentos dos visitantes na rota enoturísticaPublication . Caldeira, Ana; Kastenholz, Elisabeth; Martins, Márcio RibeiroO comportamento turístico espaciotemporal é influenciado por diversos fatores relativos aos turistas e ao destino. Compreender e, em certa medida, gerir a forma como os turistas se movem no espaço e no tempo, é crucial para assegurar a qualidade da sua experiência, bem como a gestão eficaz e sustentável de destinos e atrações. No contexto do enoturismo, são raros os estudos sobre o comportamento espaciotemporal, sobretudo numa perspetiva regional. No âmbito do projeto TWINE, foram recolhidos dados junto de turistas alojados em hotéis nos territórios da Rota da Bairrada (n = 150) e na Rota dos Vinhos do Dão (n = 151) através de rastreamento por GPS, combinado com inquérito por questionário. O mapeamento e a análise estatística permitiram caracterizar os movimentos dos turistas rastreados. e extrair informações relevantes para o planeamento e marketing destas rotas enoturísticas.
- Backpackers’ order and visit length in an urban world heritage destination: an analysis using ordered logit and linear modelsPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Mourão, Paulo; Costa, Rui AugustoDescribed as a group of independent travelers with flexible itineraries and without substantial time constraints, backpackers constitute one of the tourist segments that has drawn the attention of many researchers around the world. However, little is known about how this segment of travelers behaves in destinations from a space-time perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the order and visit length on backpackers' space-time behavior in an urban world heritage destination. Using geographic information system (GIS) software, the sequence and the length of the visit were identified. To analyze the order of the places visited, we used the ordered logit method and to study the duration dimension a multivariate equation, estimated by OLS with heteroskedasticity robust errors, was selected. The results showed that no variable in particular influences the order of the places visited in any of the parishes simultaneously, reinforcing the underlying randomness in relation to the order in which destination parishes are visited. Length of stay is mostly influenced by factors related to mobility conditions as well as factors exogenous to tourists' decision-making capacity.
- Motivations and spatiotemporal behaviour in an urban destinationPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoThe number of young tourists has been growing fastest worldwide, and among them backpackers are a growing segment in the tourism industry. The importance of youth tourism is a global challenge for tourism professionals and particularly to urban destinations. Understanding their spatiotemporal behavior is of utmost importance. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the motivations and spaciotemporal behavior of generation Z and its importance for sustainability of urban destinations. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire survey and GPS tracking of movements made during a visit day. A total of 74 tourist trip itineraries (Smartphone GPS tracks) and questionnaires from Generation Z and Generation Y backpackers were collected. Both generation backpackers consume the urban destination in a very similar way. However, Generation Z and Y reveal a different pattern of temporal behavior: generation Z backpackers made short-duration visits comparing to those of Generation Y,
- Does regional potential match real visitor flows in a rural wine terroir? exploring the Bairrada wine regionPublication . Albuquerque, Helena; Kastenholz, Elisabeth; Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Caldeira, Ana Maria; Simões, OrlandoPurpose – Wine tourism has increasingly been identified as ‘terroir tourism’ (Holland et al., 2014; Kastenholz et al., 2021, characterized by multi-motivational exploration of wine producing territories, where the enjoyment of landscape, nature and cultural attractions are as important as the opportunity to taste and learn about wine and its production. However, little is known about the movements of visitors within wine regions and the role of wineries, nature and cultural attractions in determining such movements, nor that of regional promotion. This paper has three main purposes, namely the assessment of 1) regional tourism potential associated to relevant existing resources as well as their integration in suggested visitor itineraries, 2) the visitor movements in the same territory and 3) correspondence/ distance between the regional ‘honeypots’ and real visitor movements, using the Bairrada wine region as a case study. Design/Methodology/Approach - To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, firstly the main cultural and natural resources, the vineyard areas and the wine cellars of the Bairrada wine region were mapped via Geographical Information Systems. Additionally, visitor itineraries, as suggested by the Wine Route Association on their webpage, are integrated in these maps to show the recommendations of territorial exploration as presented by this entity. These steps will help identify sub-regional clusters of potential visitor interest and their spatial organization. Concretely, thematic maps were created to display geographical information about the region in order to understand which are the most important wine areas (in terms of number of producers and the vineyard area) and also to understand the location of the Bairrada Route POI and their connection via suggested itineraries. A survey-complemented exploratory tracking exercise (using GPS) permits the realtime tracking of visitor movements in the region, resulting in data that will finally be integrated in the system and compared to the before identified attraction clusters and suggested itineraries in the Bairrada wine region. Findings - The spatial analysis allowed to understand how the main natural and cultural attractions are distributed in the Bairrada demarcated region, as well as the spatial distribution of the vineyards area in this region. Through the exploratory GPS study, the routes taken by respondents in this territorial space were evaluated, and this geographic information was linked to the attractions present in that same region. Based on the analysis undertaken, it is not possible to conclude which are the main determinants in visitors’ travel to the Bairrada region. According to the exploratory tracking exercise, there is no clear connection between the tracks and the existing attractions, nor with the suggested itineraries. Research limitations/implications – Despite the itineraries presented on the wine route’s website and the presence of a series of attraction clusters, visitors participating in the tracking study presented a relatively limited special exploration pattern. This result may be linked to poor/ ineffective dissemination of the itineraries and regional attractions. Thus, it is important to create dissemination strategies that can attract visitors and promote an effective knowledge of the region and its attractions. GIS can contribute to achieve these results, as tools to represent and identify the tourist attractions of the regions, contributing to better planning and decision-making in terms of tourism. Furthermore, the use of GIS as tools for analysing and discussing the spatial distribution of attractions also contributes to the development of tourism marketing strategies (Albuquerque et al., 2018), namely through powerful information processing, spatial analysis and data visualisation (Zhang et al., 2021). The main limitations of the research was the small sample of the exploratory study, conditioned by the covid-pandemic, which may have contributed to a bias in the results.
- International Tourism Congress 2023: book of extended abstractsPublication . Martins, Catarina Antónia (Ed.); Martins, Márcio Ribeiro (Ed.); Pais, Clarisse (Ed.); Silva, Elisabete Mendes (Ed.)These extended abstract proceedings were produced based on the programme of the 15th edition of the ITC’23 International Tourism Congress held at the School of Public Management, Communication and Tourism of Polytechnic University of Bragança (IPB) between the 23rd and 25th of November, 2023. The conference was organised in cooperation with CITUR (Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation) and UNIAG (Applied Management Research Unit) and was focussed on the “Image and Sustainability of Tourism Destinations”. ITC’23 was an excellent forum for academics, master and doctoral students to present and discuss national and international experiences on sustainability and development of tourism destinations. Debating sustainability and the image of tourism destinations was an opportunity to discuss the main topics of today’s tourism trends. As we can see from the themes analysed in the extended abstracts presented here, the congress brought together researchers in the different fields of sustainability of travel and tourism that shared and applied the best tourism practices. The conference was organised in 4 plenary sessions with 4 keynote speakers and 18 parallel sessions with a total of 106 presentations from several countries. A research symposium was also organised to support early career researchers and PhD students, through the process of doing research in the field of tourism. It was held on the 23rd of November and participants had the opportunity to discuss with Professor Levent Altinay, in the scope of the most recent topics, trends and methodologies on tourism research. All accepted extended abstracts presented in ITC’23 were double-blind reviewed and are now being published in this book of proceedings. All the participants also had the chance to engage with various stakeholders, such as academics, tourism businesses and the heads of regional and national tourism organisations. The organisation of the congress was very well received by the region's stakeholders, confirmed by the numerous sponsorships obtained, and it was also covered and promoted by the local, regional and national media. The organisation of this Congress would not have been possible without the involvement, commitment and dedication of a vast number of people. We would like to express our most sincere gratitude to the members of the organising committee, to the keynote speakers, to the session chairs, to the members of the scientific committee and to the members of the conference review panel. The third-year tourism students also deserve praise for their excellent work during the days of the congress. Thank you very much. See you at the 16th edition of ITC'24 in Cape Verde!
- How do tourists consume a rural wine destination in central Portugal?Publication . Caldeira, Ana Maria; Kastenholz, Elisabeth; Silva, Alexia Alves da; Martins, Márcio RibeiroSpace-time tourist behaviour is influenced by numerous factors related both to tourists and the destination. Yet, however complex it may be, understanding and to some extent managing the way tourists move in space and time is crucial to ensuring the quality of their experience, as well as the effective and sustainable management of destinations and attractions. In the rural wine tourism context, studies on space-time behaviour are rare. The present study uses empirical data collected from tourists staying in hotels of the Bairrada Wine Route territory (N = 116), combining a GPS tracking study with a questionnaire survey. Using a time-geographical analytical approach, the GPS tracking data were mapped for a more detailed analysis of the tourists’ movements in the Bairrada terroir. The findings highlight specificities of tourist consumption in the context of rural wine regions and provide valuable insights for destination planning, service design and marketing of the Bairrada Wine Route.
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