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- Écriture de la frontière: Persepolis de Marjane Satrapi entre occidentalisation et identité iraniennePublication . Alves, Ana M.; Outeirinho, Maria de FátimaDans le cadre du questionnement contemporain sur les formes littéraires de pensée de l’Occident, Persepolis de Marjane Satrapi se signale par son inscription dans une double dynamique critique : d’une part, l’écriture autobiographique y interroge les logiques de l’occidentalisation ; d’autre part, le roman graphique propose une mise en récit des tensions entre subjectivités postcoloniales et imaginaires occidentaux dominants. Cette œuvre s’inscrit pleinement dans une démarche de « pe(a)nser l’Occident » à partir du littéraire. Persepolis constitue une écriture de la frontière – géopolitique, culturelle et intime – dans laquelle l’auteure met en scène une identité en transit entre l’Iran postrévolutionnaire et l’Europe contemporaine. L’Occident y apparaît comme un objet à la fois désirable, normatif et problématique. Satrapi déconstruit les discours orientalistes et les mythes de l’Occident libérateur, tout en évitant l’écueil d’un contre-discours simplement inversé. Elle donne ainsi à voir les contradictions internes de l’occidentalisation, vécue dans la chair de l’exil et du retour, et les ambiguïtés d’un « occidentalisme » intériorisé ou projeté. À travers une écriture graphique singulière, Satrapi propose un espace littéraire où se rejouent les rapports entre pouvoir, culture, genre et mémoire. L’écriture devient ici instrument de résistance, d’auto-représentation et de réinvention identitaire. Dans cette perspective, Persepolis s’inscrit dans un horizon post-occidental où la littérature francophone contemporaine devient un lieu stratégique de reconfiguration symbolique face à l’hégémonie des représentations occidentales. Ce travail propose ainsi une lecture de Persepolis comme enquête littéraire sur les formes d’occidentalisation et de décentrement postcolonial, inscrite dans une poétique de la frontière et du déplacement, en dialogue avec les problématiques du post-Occident.
- Effects of compulsory schooling up to age 18 in Portugal: An analysis from the teachers’ perspectivePublication . Bonifácio, Evangelina; Ratero Nieto, Álvaro; Madureira, Cristiana; Gómez-del-Pulgar Cinque, SandraCompulsory schooling has been a topic of debate among countries, seeking to better prepare their citizens for work and personal life, while also addressing early school dropout rates. In this case, the Portuguese educational model is examined. In 2012, compulsory education was extended from six to 18 years of age, making Portugal the first country on the Iberian Peninsula to implement this reform. After 13 years, it is now appropriate to conduct a study that analyzes the current situation and evaluates the impact of this change. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse and understand the influence of this extension of compulsory schooling on Portuguese pupils through the teachers' perception. For this purpose, a quantitative methodology was carried out by designing a digital questionnaire adapted to a Likert scale so that Secondary Education teachers could give their views according to their teaching experience over time, with a total of 200 responses with teachers ranging from 20 to 69 years of age. For the analysis of the results, reliability, validity, descriptive, and differential studies were conducted. The results show a highly reliable and valid instrument, yielding two factors: Educational and social benefits of extending compulsory schooling; and Challenges and professional implications of extending compulsory schooling. In accordance with the study's objective, a set of various items were analysed. It is concluded that the initiative to extend compulsory education is generally positive; however, this would benefit from being accompanied by greater material and non-material resources, continuous teacher training, and lower student–teacher ratios to support more individualized attention and improve educational quality.
- Physiological and performance characteristics in the Spartathlon: A narrative review of scientific findingsPublication . Knechtle, Beat; Forte, Pedro; Scheer, Volker; Chlibková, Daniela; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Weiss, Katja; Rosemann, Thomas; Duric, Sasa; Thuany, MablinyThe Spartathlon is a 246-km ultra-endurance running race, considered as one of the most iconic and physically demanding ultra-marathons in the world. In this narrative review, we aimed to synthesize the available current evidence on the physiological responses, performance trends, and health implications associated with participation in the Spartathlon. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify high-quality scientific studies on the Spartathlon. The databases Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to retrieve articles published up to December 2025. We found a total of 33 publications in Web of Science, 25 in Embase, 24 in Scopus, 23 in PubMed, and 1 in Cochrane. After removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, a final selection of studies was included for analysis in this narrative review. Results: The findings on the cardiac system showed reversible changes in echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers. Running the Spartathlon leads to specific effects on the locomotor system, such as an increase in peak pressure in the forefoot area, an increase in biochemical markers of muscle damage and changes in bone metabolism markers. Notably, the use of oral proton pump inhibitors was associated with a lower incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. The Spartathlon also showed the highest prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) of up to 65% as reported in the literature on ultra-marathon running. In addition, running Spartathlon leads to an inflammatory response and an increase in oxidative stress. Conclusions: Participation in the Spartathlon leads to several well-documented post-race physiological alterations, particularly affecting the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Overall, the Spartathlon represents a unique model for studying human physiological resilience and adaptation under extreme conditions.
- The Effect of Two Activation Protocols During the Transition Phase: Sprint Swimming PerformancePublication . Paiva, Daniel; Rama, Luís Manuel; Neiva, Henrique P.; Nunes, Célia Pinto; Morais, J.E.; Marinho, D.A.The transition phase often causes athletes to lose the benefits of warm-up, so this study aimed to assess the effects of two re-warm-up protocols and a control condition without re-warm-up on 100 m freestyle performance and the kinematic variables (stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR), and stroke index (SI)), subjective perception of effort (RPE), and physiological variables (heart rate (HR), temperature (T), and blood lactate concentration (La−)). Twenty competitive-level swimmers completed a dryland and water warm-up, followed by a 30 min transition phase and a 100 m freestyle simulation. Over 30 min, each swimmer randomly performed one of three re-warm-up protocols: control (remaining seated), dryland (explosive exercises), and water (race-pace series). The three experimental re-warm-up protocols affected 100 m freestyle performance (p = 0.019; η2p = 0.189). Posthoc comparisons showed that dryland was faster than control (−0.68%, p = 0.009), whereas no significant difference was observed between water and control (−0.52%, p = 0.234). No significant differences were observed between conditions for SR, SL, RPE, or La−, whereas peak HR was lower in the control. Although water did not significantly improve performance, swimmers reported more favourable sensations during the trial. In conclusion, the dryland protocol significantly improved 100 m freestyle performance, whereas the water protocol did not produce significant performance benefits under the present conditions.
- The Health and Physical Education Curriculum: Does It Address Muscular Fitness?Publication . Sortwell, Andrew; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Granacher, Urs; Joyce, Christopher; Forte, Pedro; Marinho, D.A.; Ferraz, Ricardo; Trimble, KevinThe World Health Organization and the Australian physical activity guidelines, in line with contemporary research, recommend regular muscle-strengthening activities for optimal muscular fitness in children and adolescents. However, the extent to which muscle-strengthening or muscular fitness receives curricular emphasis is unknown in Australia. Objectives: To examine to what extent the Australian Health and Physical Education Curriculum, Foundation to Year 10 (AHPEC; F-10) addresses and/or promotes muscular fitness. Methods: This study involved a mixed-methods content analysis of the AHPEC F-10 using: (i) conceptual analysis to identify muscular fitness-related terms; and (ii) relational analysis to examine alignment between muscular fitness content and curriculum rationale/aims. A search of national and international physical activity guidelines and school-based muscular fitness intervention literature generated a keyword set to guide abstraction from the AHPEC. Curriculum aim, rationale, level descriptions, achievement standards and content were coded to determine the extent to which muscular fitness was embedded. Intercoder reliability was established via consensus meetings. Muscular fitness content coverage was quantified as the proportion of directly aligned muscular fitness relevant content points per stage and aggregated primary (F-6), secondary (7-10), and F-10 scores. Results: A review of 32 national and one international physical activity guidelines identified 88 muscular fitness activities in total, with some activities appearing in multiple guidelines; 53.1% of national guidelines did not provide explicit muscular fitness examples, and where examples existed, they emphasised accessible modes (e.g., climbing, bodyweight tasks, jumping, and lifting). Additionally, analysis of school-based muscular fitness intervention literature identified 22 distinct muscular fitness activities to guide abstraction. Muscular fitness was absent in the AHPEC rationale and aims, was largely inferred in primary years level description and achievement standards and became more explicit in secondary achievement standards. Direct alignment of content with muscular fitness was non-existent or low across stages of learning (Foundation = 0%, Stage 1 = 0%, Stage 2 = 6.1%, Stage 3 = 9.1%, Stage 4 = 8.6%, Stage 5 = 8.8%). Overall, muscular fitness content coverage averaged 3.8% in primary, 8.7% in secondary, and 5.4% across F-10. Conclusions: The AHPEC treats muscular fitness as a low priority in primary schooling and a minor content area in secondary, yielding developmental messaging that is less aligned with contemporary evidence and physical activity guidelines.
- Resilience against exercise-related coronary atherosclerosis: A case study in a master athlete participating in 500 marathonsPublication . Knechtle, Beat; Duric, Sasa; Scheer, Volker; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Chlíbková, Daniela; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Cuk, Ivan; Forte, Pedro; Wilhelm, Matthias; Weiss, Katja; Rosemann, ThomasBackground and purpose Lifelong endurance exercise is generally associated with cardiovascular health benefits. However, recent studies suggest that prolonged high-volume training may contribute to coronary atherosclerosis, even in athletes with low traditional cardiovascular risk. This case report aims to explore the cardiovascular status of a master endurance athlete with an exceptionally high lifetime training volume, in light of recent concerns raised in the literature. Methods We present the case of a 60-year-old recreational male marathon runner with no history of cardiovascular disease, who completed over 500 marathons between the ages of 30 and 60 years, covering similar to 127 000-km running. In 2024 alone, he completed 60 marathons. Cardiovascular evaluation included clinical risk assessment and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTCA). Results The runner was asymptomatic, had a low ESC-SCORE2 (3.3%), a favorable lipid profile, and normal levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein (a). CTCA revealed no evidence of calcified, mixed, or non-calcified coronary plaques. Conclusions This case highlights that some master athletes may demonstrate resilience to coronary atherosclerosis despite decades of high training volume. In low-risk individuals, prolonged endurance training alone may not necessarily lead to coronary artery disease, emphasizing the need for individualized cardiovascular screening strategies.
- Intercultural citizenship in Portugal and Spain: Challenges and realitiesPublication . Pérez-Jorge, David; Mesquita, Elza; Freire-Ribeiro, Ilda; Pérez-Pérez, ItahisaThis study explores university students' perceptions and attitudes toward cultural diversity, civic participation, and intercultural interaction in Portugal and Spain. The study surveyed 232 students using a structured questionnaire on cultural identity, attitudes toward diversity, and civic behaviors. For both groups, primary sources of identity included ethnicity, gender, and nationality. Portuguese students emphasized language, while Spanish students emphasized religion, political ideology, and sexual orientation. Portuguese students demonstrated a heightened sensitivity to cultural diversity and an enhanced understanding of the importance of equitable access to public services, likely influenced by progressive national policies on inclusion and diversity. In contrast, both groups demonstrated limited knowledge of civic participation, underscoring the need for educational policies that enhance civic awareness, promote inclusion, and foster intercultural understanding. Civic participation was linked to inclusive attitudes and intercultural interactions, enabling meaningful engagement across diverse backgrounds.
- Risk Factors, Health Consequences, and Professional Work of Problematic Mobile Phone Use Among Nurses: A Systematic ReviewPublication . López-Gutiérrez, Gema; Gutiérrez-Puertas, Vanesa; Gómez-Guerrero, Blanca; Fernandes, Hélder; Mantzoukas, Stefanos; Gutiérrez-Puertas, LorenaProblematic mobile phone use is an emerging public health issue, the prevalence of which has increased amongnurses. Aim: To synthesize and describe knowledge on problematic mobile phone use by nurses, its consequences, and strategies foraddressing this phenomenon. Design: A systematic review was conducted following the checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251052591). Methods: Four electronic databases were systematically searched from their inception to September 2025. The article's referencelists were also manually searched. The study selection was carried out in three stages, with two reviewers independently analyzingthe data and resolving disagreements. The quality assessment utilized the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool, considering the criteriaestablished for each study design. Results: Sixteen studies from four online databases were selected, the majority of which were cross-sectional and descriptive. Therisk factors for problematic mobile phone use, the negative consequences for mental and physical health, and the clinical work ofnurses were highlighted, such as a combination of strategies to prevent and mitigate problematic mobile phone use in the clinicalsetting. Conclusion: The problematic mobile phone use of nurses negatively afects their mental and physical health, as well as theirperformance in the clinical setting. Implication for nursing management: The fndings of this study may inform the need for nursing managers to develop andimplement strategies to prevent and mitigate the problematic use of these devices among nurses and ensure the appropriate use ofmobile phones in the clinical setting.
- Effect of 12 weeks differential learning vs. classical learning approaches on motor skills related to shot put in healthy young adultPublication . Fadhlaoui, Hassen; Jebabli, Nidhal; Hattabi, Soukaina; Salhi, Iyed; Boughanmi, Dhaoui; Ouerghi, Nejmeddine; Forte, Pedro; Sortwell, Andrew; Ferraz, Ricardo; Branquinho, Luis; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Afonso, Pedro; Ribeiro, Joana; Malheiro, Alexandra; Rocha, Alberto; García-Perales, Ramón; Abderrahman, Abderraouf BenThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of 12-weeks of differential learning intervention vs. classical learning in the shot-put for healthy and physically active students. Methods In this study, 114 sports science students (64 males; 50 females; age 21.20 +/- 2.15 years; body mass: 67.42 +/- 12.30 kg; body height: 1.73 +/- 0.09 m; BMI: 22.61 +/- 1.20 kg.m-1) participated in this study. A total of 114 students completed the study. Students were divided into a differential learning group (DL) (n = 40), a classical learning group CL (n = 39) and a control group (CG) (n = 35). Both DL and CL groups completed a similar 12-weeks learning program with four intervention assessment: shot put test, medicine ball throw, vertical jump tests, five jump test, flexibility test and sprint test. Results The results showed that the DL and CL programs significantly improved physical performance (p < 0.05) compared to the control group, with the effect size more effective in the DL group than in the CL group after the sixth week (shot-put throw: d(DL) = 0.30), 12 week [shot-put throw: d(DL) = 0.49, d(CL) = 0.18; throw MB kneeling: d(DL) = 0.41; throw MB standing: d(DL) = 0.89; vertical and horizontal tests: d(DL) = (0.55-1.39); sprint tests: d(DL) = (0.57-0.71)] and after retention period (14(th) week) (shot put, d(DL) = 0.28; standing MB throw: d(DL) = 0.48) of learning program. Also, there was a significant improvement for 5JT (p = 0.026; d = 1.29) performances in the DL group compared to CL group 12 week after learning program. However, no significant group*time interaction was observed for the feeling scale. Conclusions Overall, the data suggests that 12-weeks of DL program was more effective and more sustainable than CL in improving technical and physical performance related to shot-put discipline.
- Perspetivas de pais sobre inclusão: Um estudo quantitativo em seis agrupamentos de escolas de PortugalPublication . Rodrigues, Hugo; Vaz, Paula Marisa FortunatoO percurso da segregação à inclusão é marcado por diferentes marcos históricos, nomeadamente pela luta dos pais em defesa dos direitos dos seus filhos. A necessidade da sua participação está presente em diversos documentos que valorizam o seu contributo em contexto escolar. Assim, desenvolveu-se uma investigação com a finalidade de conhecer perspetivas de pais de crianças/adolescentes que usufruem de medidas de suporte à aprendizagem e à inclusão, acerca da inclusão. Tendo por base uma metodologia quantitativa, e recorrendo-se ao inquérito por questionário como técnica de recolha de dados, obtiveram-se 123 respostas de pais, de seis agrupamentos de escolas do norte de Portugal. Foi possível concluir que estes pais consideram, maioritariamente, que a inclusão representa uma mudança positiva no nosso sistema educativo.