CIMO - Resumos em Proceedings Não Indexados à WoS/Scopus
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- Improving soil health through nature-based solutions: the effects of olive-pomace-based compostsPublication . Royer, Ana Caroline; Lado, Marcos; Fonseca, Felícia; Hernandez Hernandez, Zulimar; Figueiredo, Tomás d'AquinoLoss of soil organic matter (SOM) is a major issue in Mediterranean regions, especially in NE Portugal, where about 70% of soils are classified as Leptosols. On the other hand, olive groves dominate the region's farmland, and the olive oil industry generates large quantities of by-products. Two-phase olive pomace (OP) has a high organic load and is phytotoxic due to its high phenolic content. Composting OP with other agri-residues offers a nature-based solution that addresses untreated OP disposal challenges while recycling nutrients and supporting the circular economy. This study evaluates the effects of olive pomace-based composts (OPC) on soil physical and chemical properties. OPC was produced by composting OP with sheep manure and almond shells. In a pot trial, 3 OPCs produced with different %OP (OPC44, OPC31 and OPC25) and a commercial organic corrective (HMC) were incorporated in the 0-5cm layer of an eutric Leptosol (2.1% OM) at three doses (10, 20, 40 t.ha-1) + control. Pots were seeded with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and watered to keep soil moisture above 70% field capacity. After 138 days trial, soil properties were analysed for SOM and its physical fractionation, total C and N, extractable K, P Olsen, pH, effective cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density, porosity, field capacity, and aggregate stability. Multivariate analysis showed that compost dose had a stronger influence on soil properties than compost type. Linear regression revealed that SOM, total C, extractable K, pH and effective CEC increased proportionally with dose. The highest dose led to SOM and total C increases of 13.3 and 8.4 g·kg⁻¹, respectively. Compared to HMC, OPCs were better K sources. Organic amendment decreased bulk density (by 8-15%) and increased soil porosity, field capacity, and improved aggregate stability by ~20% (particularly with OPC31 and OPC44). OPC application also enhanced both physical and chemical protection of SOM. C content was highest in macroaggregates, stored as unprotected and coarse particulate OM. Higher doses — especially of OPC31 and OPC44 — promoted larger C accumulation in strongly physically and chemically protected pools, as compared to control and HMC. OPCs application increased mineral-associated OM, likely due to their colloidal nature, supporting long-term SOM stabilization. This study highlights the potential of OPC to improve SOM content, fertility, and soil structure in degraded Mediterranean soils. Composting OP provides a sustainable approach to valorise agri-waste, enhance soil functions, and support climate-smart agriculture.
- Incense honey (Pittosporum undulatum) in the Azores: Botanical authentication by using real-time PCR approachPublication . Lopes, Ana; Moura, Monica B.M.V.; Grazina, Liliana; Costa, Joana; Amaral, Joana S.; Pinto, M. Alice; Mafra, IsabelHoney is a widely consumed food and much appreciated for its nutritional, organoleptic, and health properties. The honey produced in the Azores archipelago can be categorised as incense honey or multifloral honey. Incense honey classification should account with >30% from Pittosporum undulatum pollen grains and it is generally perceived as a unique and high-quality product and, consequently, susceptible to be adulterated through incorrect labelling or admixing with low-cost and low-quality honeys. Therefore, assessing the authenticity of such highly appreciated honey is a key issue for its valorisation. In this work, a real-time PCR method targeting the ITS region was proposed for the first time to detect P. undulatum species. To that end, the DNA extracted from the leaves of P. undulatum from other endemic species (e.g. Eucaliptus spp., Acacia spp., Trifolium spp., Castanea sativa Mill., Hydrangea macrophylla, Rhododendro indicum, Hedychium gardnerianum, Pericallis malvifolia) of the Azores and mainland Portugal was used to test the cross-reactivity of the ITS primers by qualitative PCR, revealing full specificity for P. undulatum. Posteriorly, a realtime PCR approach was proposed, exhibiting high analytical performance (PCR efficiency= 97.4 ± 6.4%, R͖= 0.991 ± 0.003) and a limit of quantification of 0.01 pg of incense DNA. The method was successfully applied to the 22 honey samples, from which incense was detected in all 9 monofloral incense honeys and in 5 out of 10 multifloral samples from the Azores. Generally, the quantitative results for incense DNA were in good agreement with the melissopalynological data, showing that all samples, except two, were according to their labelled statements. Herein, a new, simple, cost-effective and reliable molecular approach was proposed to authenticate and valorise the Azores honey.
- Occurrence of aflatoxins in food commodities produced and consumed in Angola and MozambiquePublication . Matusse, Cláudio; Tolentino, Aritson; Lucamba, Zelda; Afonso, Sandra; Venâncio, Armando; Bila, João; Macuamule, Custódia; Rodrigues, PaulaAflatoxins, the mycotoxins produced by molds from the genus Aspergillus sect. Flavi that infest food and feed commodities, are a pressing issue in most African countries and their presence has led to a surge in health problems and food insecurity. The lack of effective monitoring and control in the Portuguese-Speaking African Countries (PALOP) has resulted in the underestimation of these mycotoxins. !e present work aimed to determine the occurrence of total aflatoxins (AFs) in several agricultural products – corn, beans, cassava flour, peanuts and rice – produced and consumed in the provinces of Cuanza Sul, Angola, and of Chongoene and Gaza, Mozambique. During 2023 and 2024, 236 samples (96 from Angola and 140 from Mozambique) were collected from local markets and analyzed for AFs using the lateral flow strip AgraStrip® Pro WATEX® (Romer) method. For Mozambique, 44% of all samples were positive for AFs (median=4.9 µg/kg). The highest incidence and contamination levels were found in corn, with all samples contaminated, ranging from the LOD to as high as 9200 µg/kg (median=26.9 µg/kg). Of these, 63% were contaminated above the Maximum Tolerable Limit (MTL) established by the Codex Alimentarius (15 µg/kg).
- Old and new climate change adaptation strategies by Montesinho mountain pastoralists, PortugalPublication . Aleixo-Pais, Isa G.; Castro, José; Frazão-Moreira, Amélia; Castro, João PauloMountain pastoralists are among the communities most affected by climate change, rendering empowerment of mountain communities and supportive policies essential.
- Plantas de pimento dulce (Capsicum annuum L.) em poscesacha como fuente de ingredientes antioxidantes y antidiabéticosPublication . Añibarro-Ortega, Mikel; López, Víctor; Dias, Maria Inês; Mandim, Filipa; Barros, Lillian; Pinela, JoséEl estrés oxidativo desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas y metabólicas como la diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares y neurodegenerativas, obesidad y cáncer. Esto se debe a la producción excesiva de especies reactivas de oxígeno que dañan los lípidos, proteínas y ADN de los organismos, comprometiendo procesos celulares vitales [1]. Los antioxidantes naturales, como los polifenoles, pueden prevenir estos daños y hoy en día existe un creciente interés por el uso de extractos ricos en estos compuestos como ingredientes funcionales naturales. En el caso del cultivo de pimiento dulce (Capsicum annuum L.), tras la cosecha se genera una grande cantidad de biomasa vegetal infravalorada, que podría contener metabolitos secundarios de alto valor comercial. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue valorizar estos subproductos agrícolas en línea con los objetivos de la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas. Para ello, los subproductos de la planta fueron empleados para preparar extractos hidroetanólicos [2], los cuales se caracterizaron con respecto a su perfil de compuestos fenólicos mediante HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn y sus propiedades antioxidante, antidiabética, anti-obesidad, antiinflamatoria y citotóxica con base en ensayos celulares y enzimáticos in vitro. El análisis cromatográfico reveló un perfil fenólico con predominio de ácidos fenólicos, como el ácido clorogénico, y flavonas O-glicosiladas, concretamente luteolina y apigenina. Aunque los extractos presentaron cierta actividad en todos los ensayos realizados, donde más se destacaron fue en la actividad antioxidante, antidiabética y citotóxica en ciertas líneas celulares tumorales. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que los subproductos de plantas de pimiento dulce son una prometedora fuente de compuestos bioactivos de alto valor añadido. Estos pueden tener propiedades beneficiosas para la salud del consumidor al ser incorporados en productos alimentarios. Además, fomentar esta práctica de circularidad será importante para la producción sostenible de ingredientes alimentarios naturales.
- An unparalleled survey of honey bee genetic diversity in Europe – insights from wing shape, nuclear whole genome, and mitochondrial DNA dataPublication . Pinto, M. Alice; Li, Fernanda; Lopes, Ana R.; Taliadoros, Demetris; Costa, Maíra; Yadró Garcia, Carlos A.; Cunha, Larissa; Henriques, Dora; Martin Hernandez, Giselle; Albo, Alexandre; Blažytė-Čereškienė, Laima; Brodschneider, Robert; Brusbardis, Valters; Carreck, Norman; Charistos, Leonidas; Chlebo, Robert; Cillia, Giovanni; Coffey, Mary F.; Dahle, Bjorn; Danneels, Ellen; Dobrescu, Constantin; Filipi, Janja; Gajda, Anna; Gratzer, Kristina; Groeneveld, Linn; Hatjina, Fani; Johannesen, Jes; Kolasa, Michal; Körmendy-Rácz, János; Kovačić, Marin; Kristiansen, Preben; Dupleix-Marchal, Anna; Martikkala, Maritta; McCormack, Grace; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Nanetti, Antonio; Pavlov, Borce; Pietropaoli, Marco; Poirot, Benjamin; Radev, Zheko; Raudmets, Aivar; René-Douarre, Vincent; Roessink, Ivo; Smodiš Škerl, Maja Ivana; Soland, Gabriele; Titera, Dalibor; Van Der Steen, Joseph; Varnava, Andri; Vejsnæs, Flemming; Graaf, Dirk C. de; Webster, MathewEurope is home to 10 subspecies of Apis mellifera, classified into four main lineages sensu Ruttner: M (western and northern European), C (southeastern European), A (African), and O (Middle Eastern). However, large-scale movements of honey bee genetic material—driven by transhumance and, more importantly, queen trading—has intensified gene flow, particularly from the C-lineage subspecies A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica, threatening the genetic integrity of several subspecies and blurring the genetic boundaries between subspecies. Here, we analyzed over 1,200 recently collected samples from apiaries in 33 countries using a multi-marker approach: maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region), nuclear genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and wing shape (DeepWings©) to provide the most updated and extensive account of honey bee genetic variation in Europe. Our results reveal a strong dominance of C-lineage ancestry across Europe, with noteworthy introgression signals in island subspecies and A. m. mellifera populations outside conservation apiaries. Notably, all three markers consistently captured these broad introgression patterns. This unprecedented survey highlights a worrying trend of genetic homogenization in European honey bee populations. Moreover, the widespread prevalence of C-lineage genetic introgression underscores the need for conservation efforts to preserve the diversity shaped by evolution, which is crucial for adaptation to growing environmental challenges.