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Com a crescente preocupação sobre questões ambientais e os agentes responsáveis pela
sua degradação, o tratamento de águas residuais torna-se essencial para preservar a
qualidade de vida das populações. Os efluentes líquidos apresentam características
físicas, químicas e biológicas que, se não forem adequadamente identificadas e tratadas,
podem transformar-se em poluentes prejudiciais aos corpos de água recetores.
Este relatório foi elaborado no âmbito do Estágio Curricular na Águas do Norte. Este
estágio teve como objetivo principal avaliar a eficiência e a eficácia dos processos de
tratamento de águas residuais em termos de remoção de poluentes, qualidade da água
tratada e conformidade com os Valores Limite de Emissão (VLE).
A ETAR de Mirandela, uma unidade convencional de lamas ativadas projetada para servir
uma população de aproximadamente 26.509 habitantes, realiza tratamento secundário,
descarregando o efluente no rio Tua.
As análises de controlo evidenciaram uma elevada eficiência de remoção na maioria dos
parâmetros (superior a 94%), exceto para o fósforo total (78%) e o azoto total (87%). Em
relação ao afluente bruto, constatou-se que os níveis de CBO₅ e CQO ultrapassaram os
valores de projeto estabelecidos pela licença de descarga, observando-se maiores
concentrações no início do ano, devido, sobretudo, à atividade industrial dominante, em
particular produção de enchidos. Quanto ao efluente tratado, as concentrações de CQO,
CBO₅, SST e fósforo total mantiveram-se abaixo dos VLE, exceto o azoto total, que
excedeu o limite no mês de fevereiro.
No controlo operacional, com exceção de algumas variações no Índice de Mohlman e na
eficiência de remoção de SST nos decantadores primários, os parâmetros operacionais
mantiveram-se dentro dos valores de referência.
Conclui-se que a ETAR de Mirandela alcançou bons resultados, cumprindo os objetivos
de qualidade estabelecidos no primeiro semestre de 2024.
With growing concern about environmental issues and the agents responsible for their degradation, wastewater treatment is becoming essential to preserve people's life quality. Liquid effluents have physical, chemical and biological characteristics which, if not properly identified and treated, can turn into harmful pollutants to the receiving bodies of water. This report was drawn up as part of my internship at Águas do Norte. The main aim of this internship was to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes in terms of pollutant removal, treated water quality and compliance with Emission Limit Values (ELVs). The Mirandela WWTP, a conventional activated sludge plant designed to serve a population of approximately 26,509 inhabitants, carries out secondary treatment, discharging the effluent into the River Tua. The control analyses showed a high removal efficiency in most parameters (over 94%), except for total phosphorus (78%) and total nitrogen (87%). In fact, the raw effluent BOD₅ and COD levels exceeded the values established in the discharge licence, with higher concentrations observed at the beginning of the year, mainly due to the dominant industrial activity (particularly, sausage traditional production). As for the treated effluent, the concentrations of COD, BOD₅, TSS and total phosphorus remained below the ELVs, except for total nitrogen, which exceeded the limit in February. In operational control, apart from some variations in the Mohlman Index and TSS removal efficiency in the primary decanters, the operational parameters remained within the reference values. Thus, it can be concluded that the Mirandela WWTP achieved good results, meeting the quality goals set for the first half of 2024.
With growing concern about environmental issues and the agents responsible for their degradation, wastewater treatment is becoming essential to preserve people's life quality. Liquid effluents have physical, chemical and biological characteristics which, if not properly identified and treated, can turn into harmful pollutants to the receiving bodies of water. This report was drawn up as part of my internship at Águas do Norte. The main aim of this internship was to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes in terms of pollutant removal, treated water quality and compliance with Emission Limit Values (ELVs). The Mirandela WWTP, a conventional activated sludge plant designed to serve a population of approximately 26,509 inhabitants, carries out secondary treatment, discharging the effluent into the River Tua. The control analyses showed a high removal efficiency in most parameters (over 94%), except for total phosphorus (78%) and total nitrogen (87%). In fact, the raw effluent BOD₅ and COD levels exceeded the values established in the discharge licence, with higher concentrations observed at the beginning of the year, mainly due to the dominant industrial activity (particularly, sausage traditional production). As for the treated effluent, the concentrations of COD, BOD₅, TSS and total phosphorus remained below the ELVs, except for total nitrogen, which exceeded the limit in February. In operational control, apart from some variations in the Mohlman Index and TSS removal efficiency in the primary decanters, the operational parameters remained within the reference values. Thus, it can be concluded that the Mirandela WWTP achieved good results, meeting the quality goals set for the first half of 2024.
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Tratamento de águas residuais Controlo analítico Controlo operacional Conformidade legal