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Authors
Abstract(s)
A construção civil é responsável por cerca de 40% da energia consumida na Europa. Segundo a Diretiva 2018/844, aproximadamente 50% do consumo total de energia das habitações é resultante de aquecimento e resfriamento dos ambientes. Uma estratégia eficaz para reduzir esse consumo é o uso de elementos passivos que reduzem a demanda energética. O isolamento térmico é uma solução eficiente para melhorar o desempenho energético dos edifícios, bem como proporciona um melhor conforto térmico aos usuários.
Devido ao alto consumo do setor, o presente trabalho busca desenvolver e analisar o comportamento térmico de painéis de aglomerado de cortiça com incorporação de grafite expansível, destinados à aplicação como núcleo de portas interiores e painéis decorativos, formando um sistema multicamada a fim de melhorar o conforto térmico e promover uma melhor eficiência energética. A composição dos painéis foi previamente desenvolvida por Moia [ref], onde o aglomerado de cortiça com três concentrações diferentes (0%, 5% e 10%) de grafite expansível (EG) como aditivo retardador foi estudada no efeito da reação ao fogo. Os
resultados obtidos mostraram que os algomerados de cortiça desenvolvidos apresentavam bom desempenho ao fogo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo do comportamento térmico dos referidos paineis à temperaturas ambiente. Foram fabricados seis painéis de aglomerados de cortiça com diferentes composições, variando o tipo de resina sendo MDI (Diisocianato de Metileno Diphenil) ou TDI (diisocianato de tolueno) e a quantidade de grafite expansível incorporada (0%, 5% ou 10%). A avaliação do comportamento térmico destes sistemas multicamada foi efetuada experimentalmente através da realização de dois ensaios: o método Guarded Hot Plate (GHP) e determinação do desempenho térmico de forma contínua. O método GHP permitiu determinar a condutividade térmica do material para três temperaturas diferentes. Já a determinação do desempenho térmico de forma contínua, forneceu dados sobre a temperatura superficial, fluxos de calor, coeficiente de transmissão térmica, resistência térmica e condutividade térmica. Ao analisar os resultados dos dois ensaios, observou-se uma discrepância nos valores de condutividade térmica obtidos, com variações entre 0% e 30%. Essa variação pode ser atribuída ao período em que os ensaios foram realizados, uma vez que a humidade do ambiente pode ter influenciado os resultados de condutividade térmica. Os resultados mostraram que os painéis com resina TDI tiveram um desempenho térmico melhor do que os painéis com resina MDI, embora a diferença não tenha sido significativa. A variação observada foi de aproximadamente 8,88% no painel de TDI puro, 12% no painel com 5% de grafite expansível, e 8,51% no painel com 10% de grafite. Ao analisar a condutividade térmica, os painéis apresentaram valores baixos, entre 0,041 W/mK e 0,045 W/mK para aqueles sem adição de grafite. A inclusão de grafite expansível não causou um aumento significativo na condutividade térmica, com valores entre 0,043 W/mK e 0,050 W/mK. O menor valor de condutividade (0,040 W/mK) foi encontrado em um painel com resina TDI, enquanto o maior valor (0,050 W/mK) foi registrado em um painel com 5% de grafite e resina MDI. Comparado a materiais disponíveis no mercado, que variam de 0,037 W/mK a 0,050 W/mK, os painéis desenvolvidos neste estudo demonstraram desempenho competitivo em termos de isolamento térmico.
The construction industry is responsible for approximately 40% of the energy consumed in Europe. According to Directive 2018/844, approximately 50% of total energy consumption in homes comes from heating and cooling. An effective strategy to reduce this consumption is the use of passive elements that reduce energy demand. Thermal insulation is an efficient solution to improve the energy performance of buildings, as well as providing better thermal comfort for users. Due to the high consumption in the sector, this study aims to develop and analyze the thermal behavior of cork agglomerate panels with incorporation of expandable graphite, intended for use as the core of interior doors and decorative panels, forming a multilayer system in order to improve thermal comfort and promote better energy efficiency. The composition of the panels was previously developed by Moia [ref], where the cork agglomerate with three different concentrations (0%, 5% and 10%) of expandable graphite (EG) as a fire retardant additive was studied in terms of its reaction to fire. The results obtained showed that the cork agglomerates developed presented good fire performance. The aim of this study is to study the thermal behavior of these panels at room temperature. Six cork agglomerate panels with different compositions were manufactured, varying the type of resin (MDI (Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate) or TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate)) and the amount of expanded graphite incorporated (0%, 5% or 10%). The thermal behavior of these multilayer systems was evaluated experimentally by performing two tests: the Guarded Hot Plate (GHP) method and continuous thermal performance determination. The GHP method allowed the determination of the thermal conductivity of the material at three different temperatures. The continuous thermal performance determination provided data on surface temperature, heat fluxes, thermal transmission coefficient, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity. When analyzing the results of the two tests, a discrepancy was observed in the thermal conductivity values obtained, with variations between 0% and 30%. This variation can be attributed to the period in which the tests were performed, since the humidity of the environment may have influenced the thermal conductivity results. The results showed that the panels with TDI resin had better thermal performance than the panels with MDI resin, although the difference was not significant. The variation observed was approximately 8.88% in the pure TDI panel, 12% in the panel with 5% expandable graphite, and 8.51% in the panel with 10% graphite. When analyzing the thermal conductivity, the panels presented low values, between 0.041 W/mK and 0.045 W/mK for those without graphite addition. The inclusion of expandable graphite did not cause a significant increase in thermal conductivity, with values between 0.043 W/mK and 0.050 W/mK. The lowest conductivity value (0.040 W/mK) was found in a panel with TDI resin, while the highest value (0.050 W/mK) was recorded in a panel with 5% graphite and MDI resin. Compared to commercially available materials, which range from 0.037 W/mK to 0.050 W/mK, the panels developed in this study demonstrated competitive performance in terms of thermal insulation.
The construction industry is responsible for approximately 40% of the energy consumed in Europe. According to Directive 2018/844, approximately 50% of total energy consumption in homes comes from heating and cooling. An effective strategy to reduce this consumption is the use of passive elements that reduce energy demand. Thermal insulation is an efficient solution to improve the energy performance of buildings, as well as providing better thermal comfort for users. Due to the high consumption in the sector, this study aims to develop and analyze the thermal behavior of cork agglomerate panels with incorporation of expandable graphite, intended for use as the core of interior doors and decorative panels, forming a multilayer system in order to improve thermal comfort and promote better energy efficiency. The composition of the panels was previously developed by Moia [ref], where the cork agglomerate with three different concentrations (0%, 5% and 10%) of expandable graphite (EG) as a fire retardant additive was studied in terms of its reaction to fire. The results obtained showed that the cork agglomerates developed presented good fire performance. The aim of this study is to study the thermal behavior of these panels at room temperature. Six cork agglomerate panels with different compositions were manufactured, varying the type of resin (MDI (Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate) or TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate)) and the amount of expanded graphite incorporated (0%, 5% or 10%). The thermal behavior of these multilayer systems was evaluated experimentally by performing two tests: the Guarded Hot Plate (GHP) method and continuous thermal performance determination. The GHP method allowed the determination of the thermal conductivity of the material at three different temperatures. The continuous thermal performance determination provided data on surface temperature, heat fluxes, thermal transmission coefficient, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity. When analyzing the results of the two tests, a discrepancy was observed in the thermal conductivity values obtained, with variations between 0% and 30%. This variation can be attributed to the period in which the tests were performed, since the humidity of the environment may have influenced the thermal conductivity results. The results showed that the panels with TDI resin had better thermal performance than the panels with MDI resin, although the difference was not significant. The variation observed was approximately 8.88% in the pure TDI panel, 12% in the panel with 5% expandable graphite, and 8.51% in the panel with 10% graphite. When analyzing the thermal conductivity, the panels presented low values, between 0.041 W/mK and 0.045 W/mK for those without graphite addition. The inclusion of expandable graphite did not cause a significant increase in thermal conductivity, with values between 0.043 W/mK and 0.050 W/mK. The lowest conductivity value (0.040 W/mK) was found in a panel with TDI resin, while the highest value (0.050 W/mK) was recorded in a panel with 5% graphite and MDI resin. Compared to commercially available materials, which range from 0.037 W/mK to 0.050 W/mK, the panels developed in this study demonstrated competitive performance in terms of thermal insulation.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Sistemas multicamadas Aglomerado de cortiça Grafite expansível Comportamento térmico