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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A injeção de caldas é uma das técnicas mais utilizadas no reestabelecimento da
resistência ao cisalhamento, à flexão e à compressão de alvenarias de pedra. O objetivo desta
prática é aumentar a integridade da estrutura criando uma ligação entre os constituintes que um
dia estiveram unidos. Desta forma é reestabelecida a aptidão da edificação em distribuir as
cargas horizontais e verticais que atuam sobre a mesma.
O sucesso da intervenção depende dos materiais já existentes, mas também do
desempenho das técnicas e dos materiais utilizados. No caso das caldas, há a necessidade de
que o material tenha boas características em estado fluido e sólido: para que no primeiro
momento a introdução na parede possa ser feita de maneira apropriada e após a pega haja a
reconstituição das propriedades da alvenaria.
Este trabalho pretende verificar o comportamento de caldas à base de Cal Hidráulica
feitas em laboratório em comparação com um produto comercializado pronto. Para isto, foram
testadas diversas propriedades físicas, mecânicas e reológicas de algumas formulações deste
tipo de material, bem como suas interações com pedras bastante comuns em edificações
históricas portuguesas. Para isto, foi empregada uma campanha experimental que incluiu a
verificação dos tempos de escoamentos em Cone de Marsh, testes de resistência a diferentes
esforços e injeções em corpos de prova preenchidos com pedra britada. Conjuntamente,
realizou-se uma análise financeira a fim de verificar as diferenças nos custos relacionados com
a execução dos compostos estudados.
Por fim, concluiu-se que é possível realizar em laboratório caldas à base de Cal
Hidráulica com adição de Cimento Portland Branco que tenham características similares à calda
comercial testada, sendo possivelmente empregadas na reabilitação de edificações antigas. No
entanto, em caldas cujo único aglomerante é a Cal Hidráulica, foi notada grande dificuldade em
obter comportamento satisfatório, o que compromete também a sua utilização.
The injection of grouts is one of the most used techniques in the recovering of the resistance to the shear, bending and compression stresses in stone masonry. The purpose of this technique is to increase the integrity of the structure by creating a bond between the elements that once were united. Thus, the structure's ability to distribute the horizontal and vertical loads acting on it is reestablished. The results of the intervention depends on the existing elements, but also on the materials and the techniques used. In the case of grouts, it is necessary that the material has good characteristics in the fluid and hardened states. So that, in the first moment the introduction into the wall can be made in an appropriate way and, in a second time, the hardening processes can occur inside of the masonry, improving its mechanical properties. This work intends to verify the behavior of grouts based on hydrated lime made in laboratory in comparison with an industrialized product designed for the same use. For this purpose, several physical, mechanical and rheological properties of some grout formulations were tested. The experimental campaign used includes the verification of the times of flows in a Marsh Cone, tests of resistance to different kinds of stresses and injections in samples filled with crushed stone. Finally, a financial analysis was carried out to verify the differences in costs related to the manufacturing of the grouts studied. The study concluded that hydraulic based grouts with the addition of White Portland Cement that have similar characteristics to the commercial grout tested can be performed in laboratory. It has also been observed that these compounds have potential to be used in the restoration of historic buildings. However, in the grouts whose the only binder is hydraulic lime, it was noticed a great obstacle in obtaining satisfactory behavior, which also compromises its use.
The injection of grouts is one of the most used techniques in the recovering of the resistance to the shear, bending and compression stresses in stone masonry. The purpose of this technique is to increase the integrity of the structure by creating a bond between the elements that once were united. Thus, the structure's ability to distribute the horizontal and vertical loads acting on it is reestablished. The results of the intervention depends on the existing elements, but also on the materials and the techniques used. In the case of grouts, it is necessary that the material has good characteristics in the fluid and hardened states. So that, in the first moment the introduction into the wall can be made in an appropriate way and, in a second time, the hardening processes can occur inside of the masonry, improving its mechanical properties. This work intends to verify the behavior of grouts based on hydrated lime made in laboratory in comparison with an industrialized product designed for the same use. For this purpose, several physical, mechanical and rheological properties of some grout formulations were tested. The experimental campaign used includes the verification of the times of flows in a Marsh Cone, tests of resistance to different kinds of stresses and injections in samples filled with crushed stone. Finally, a financial analysis was carried out to verify the differences in costs related to the manufacturing of the grouts studied. The study concluded that hydraulic based grouts with the addition of White Portland Cement that have similar characteristics to the commercial grout tested can be performed in laboratory. It has also been observed that these compounds have potential to be used in the restoration of historic buildings. However, in the grouts whose the only binder is hydraulic lime, it was noticed a great obstacle in obtaining satisfactory behavior, which also compromises its use.
Description
Dupla diplomação com a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR
Keywords
Caldas de injeção Cal hidráulica Conservação Restauro