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Risco de Disfagia e Índice de Massa Corporal: Um Estudo em Contexto Institucional
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Em Portugal, a esperança média de vida tem aumentado, conduzindo a um acentuado envelhecimento populacional e consequentemente, a uma maior procura pelos serviços de saúde. Este envelhecimento está frequentemente associado a alterações fisiológicas, nas quais a disfagia e a desnutrição coexistem, comprometendo a qualidade de vida na população idosa. Objetivos: Avaliar o risco de disfagia em Indivíduos Institucionalizados e a sua relação com o Índice de Massa Corporal. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo de carácter observacional, transversal e quantitativo em Estruturas Residenciais Para Pessoas Idosas, recorrendo-se a uma amostra de 67 indivíduos, obtida através da técnica de amostragem não probabilística. Para a recolha de dados utilizou-se um questionário que incluía a caracterização antropométrica, e o Eating Assessment Total-10, para avaliação de risco de disfagia. Resultados: Verificou-se que 70,1% dos indivíduos eram do sexo feminino com uma idade média de 81,22 ± 9,31 anos, identificando-se um risco de disfagia em 49,3% dos participantes. Ainda se verificou uma correlação significativa entre o Índice de Massa Corporal e risco de disfagia no sexo feminino (r = 0,989; p-value< 0,001), assim como uma correlação da idade com o risco de disfagia no sexo feminino (r = 0,431; p-value< 0,001), sem significância no sexo masculino. Conclusão: A pesquisa destaca a importância de novos estudos que considerem uma abordagem mais abrangente, contemplando fatores como comorbilidades e impacto emocional. Essas investigações são fundamentais para a compreensão das necessidades deste grupo populacional, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de estratégias mais eficazes de prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da disfagia.
In Portugal, average life expectancy has increased, leading to a marked ageing of the population and, consequently, a greater demand for health services. This ageing is often associated with physiological changes, in which dysphagia and malnutrition coexist, compromising quality of life in the elderly population. Objectives: To assess the risk of dysphagia in institutionalized individuals and its relationship with body mass index. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was carried out in Residential Facilities for the Elderly, using a sample of 67 individuals, obtained through the non-probabilistic sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data, including anthropometric characterization and the Eating Assessment Total-10 to assess the risk of dysphagia. Results: 70.1% of the subjects were female with an average age of 81.22 ±9.31 years, and 49.3% of the participants were at risk of dysphagia. There was also a significant correlation between Body Mass Index and the risk of dysphagia in females (r = 0.989; p-value< 0.001), as well as a correlation between age and the risk of dysphagia in females (r = 0.431; p-value< 0.001), with no significance in males. Conclusion: The research highlights the importance of new studies that consider a more comprehensive approach, considering factors such as comorbidities and emotional impact. These investigations are fundamental to understanding the needs of this population group, contributing to the development of more effective strategies for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of dysphagia.
In Portugal, average life expectancy has increased, leading to a marked ageing of the population and, consequently, a greater demand for health services. This ageing is often associated with physiological changes, in which dysphagia and malnutrition coexist, compromising quality of life in the elderly population. Objectives: To assess the risk of dysphagia in institutionalized individuals and its relationship with body mass index. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was carried out in Residential Facilities for the Elderly, using a sample of 67 individuals, obtained through the non-probabilistic sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data, including anthropometric characterization and the Eating Assessment Total-10 to assess the risk of dysphagia. Results: 70.1% of the subjects were female with an average age of 81.22 ±9.31 years, and 49.3% of the participants were at risk of dysphagia. There was also a significant correlation between Body Mass Index and the risk of dysphagia in females (r = 0.989; p-value< 0.001), as well as a correlation between age and the risk of dysphagia in females (r = 0.431; p-value< 0.001), with no significance in males. Conclusion: The research highlights the importance of new studies that consider a more comprehensive approach, considering factors such as comorbidities and emotional impact. These investigations are fundamental to understanding the needs of this population group, contributing to the development of more effective strategies for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of dysphagia.
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Citation
Vieira, M., Baía, M., Pereira, A., Fernandes, A. (2025). Risco de Disfagia e Índice de Massa Corporal: Um Estudo em Contexto Institucional. RIAGE - Revista Ibero-Americana de Gerontologia. ISSN 2795-5559. 7:1, p. 271-289