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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar os projetos de reabilitação
construtiva e bioclimática das Escolas Primárias de Cova da Lua e de Rio de Onor,
situadas no conselho de Bragança. Através das informações fornecidas pelos relatórios
de vistoria realizados em ambas escolas e dos projetos cedidos pela empresa responsável
pela reabilitação foram avaliados o balanço energético e o conforto térmico dos edifícios.
Estas análises foram realizadas através da modelagem e simulação das construções no
software DesignBuilder, ferramenta que utiliza o EnergyPlus para seus cálculos.
Buscou-se através da modelagem de diversos cenários estimar os níveis térmicos
pré e pós reabilitação e a necessidade energética proveniente dos sistemas de climatização
para a manutenção dos mesmos, nos cenários em que estes foram considerados.
Após a análise em torno dos projetos de reabilitação foram apresentados
resultados mensais, diários e horários dos ganhos energéticos internos dos edifícios,
trabalhando nos cenários mais críticos encontrados, dividindo as análises em duas partes,
a época de aquecimento e época de arrefecimento.
Nas simulações verificou-se um aumento considerável da temperatura interna
durante a época de aquecimento e também uma estabilização térmica interna nos modelos
de reabilitação durante a época de arrefecimento. Através do balanço energético foi
possível verificar as grandes perdas energéticas que ocorriam nas envolventes exteriores
dos edifícios, fator que comprometia o balanço energético dos edifícios antes da
reabilitação e como, nos modelos de reabilitação, ocorreu um grande aumento no seu
desempenho, ocasionando a diminuição do consumo energético proveniente dos sistemas
ativos de climatização.
Através dos trabalhos realizados nesta dissertação torna-se clara a importância
do uso saudável dos sistemas de climatização. Soluções passivas e ativas devem ser
projetadas de maneira a trabalhar em harmonia, otimizando-se entre si. A opção de
materiais bioclimáticos que possuam características isolantes tornam-se um dos
principais agentes na utilização adequada de salamandras e ar condicionados, assim como
de outros sistemas de climatização.
The present dissertation aims to study bioclimatic rehabilitation projects of the Primary Schools of Cova da Lua and Rio de Onor, located in the municipality of Bragança. Through the information provided by survey reports carried out at both schools and the projects provided by the company responsible for the rehabilitations, the energy balances and the thermal comfort of the buildings were evaluated. These analyses were performed through modelling and simulation of the constructions in the software DesignBuilder, a tool that uses EnergyPlus for its calculations. The objective was to estimate the thermal pre and post rehabilitation levels and the energy requirements of the climatization systems to maintain them, in the scenarios which they were considered. The analysis around the rehabilitation projects were presented monthly, daily and hourly results of the internal energy gains of the buildings, working in the most critical scenarios founded, dividing the analyses in two parts, the times of heating and cooling. In the simulations there was a considerable increase of the internal temperature during the heating season and also an internal thermal stabilization during the cooling season in the rehabilitation models. Through the thermal balance, it was possible to verify the energy loss that occurred through the walls, which compromised the energy balance of buildings before rehabilitation and how, in the rehabilitation models, there was a great increase in the performance of this environment. Through the work carried out in this dissertation it becomes clear the importance of the healthy use of climatization systems. Passive and active solutions should be designed to work in harmony, optimizing each other. The choice of bioclimatic materials that have insulating characteristics become one of the main agents in the proper use of salamanders and air conditioners, as well as other climatization systems.
The present dissertation aims to study bioclimatic rehabilitation projects of the Primary Schools of Cova da Lua and Rio de Onor, located in the municipality of Bragança. Through the information provided by survey reports carried out at both schools and the projects provided by the company responsible for the rehabilitations, the energy balances and the thermal comfort of the buildings were evaluated. These analyses were performed through modelling and simulation of the constructions in the software DesignBuilder, a tool that uses EnergyPlus for its calculations. The objective was to estimate the thermal pre and post rehabilitation levels and the energy requirements of the climatization systems to maintain them, in the scenarios which they were considered. The analysis around the rehabilitation projects were presented monthly, daily and hourly results of the internal energy gains of the buildings, working in the most critical scenarios founded, dividing the analyses in two parts, the times of heating and cooling. In the simulations there was a considerable increase of the internal temperature during the heating season and also an internal thermal stabilization during the cooling season in the rehabilitation models. Through the thermal balance, it was possible to verify the energy loss that occurred through the walls, which compromised the energy balance of buildings before rehabilitation and how, in the rehabilitation models, there was a great increase in the performance of this environment. Through the work carried out in this dissertation it becomes clear the importance of the healthy use of climatization systems. Passive and active solutions should be designed to work in harmony, optimizing each other. The choice of bioclimatic materials that have insulating characteristics become one of the main agents in the proper use of salamanders and air conditioners, as well as other climatization systems.
Description
Keywords
Construção bioclimática Balanço energético Conforto térmico