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Abstract(s)
O solo é um recurso essencial para a sustentabilidade ambiental e a produção agrícola,
desempenhando um papel fundamental no ciclo de nutrientes, regulação hídrica e suporte
ao crescimento das plantas. No entanto, práticas agrícolas inadequadas, como o uso
excessivo de agrotóxicos e fertilizantes sintéticos, bem como a ausência de técnicas de
conservação, têm degradado o solo, comprometendo sua qualidade e capacidade
produtiva. Para mitigar esses impactos, o uso de leguminosas associadas a bactérias
fixadoras de azoto, como Trifolium spp., surge como uma solução eficaz. Essas bactérias
promovem a fixação biológica de azoto (FBA), enriquecendo o solo com nutrientes,
melhorando sua estrutura e reduzindo a necessidade de insumos químicos. Além disso, a
inoculação com rizóbios auxilia na prevenção da erosão e compactação do solo,
favorecendo sua conservação. O ensaio incluiu 22 tratamentos e foi conduzido ao longo de
52 dias para avaliar o efeito da inoculação de plantas do género Trifolium com diferentes
cepas de rizóbios nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo. No final do experimento,
foram coletadas amostras perturbadas e não perturbadas de solo para avaliação de
parâmetros físicos (permeabilidade, densidade aparente, porosidade, capacidade máxima
para a água, capacidade de campo e estabilidade dos agregados) e químicos do solo
(carbono orgânico e azoto total). Os resultados demonstram que a inoculação com rizóbios
melhora significativamente a estrutura e fertilidade do solo, aumentando a disponibilidade
de nutrientes e otimizando a retenção de água. Entre as cepas testadas, destacaram-se a
RRA e a RSB, que mostraram efeitos particularmente benéficos. A cepa RRA,
filogeneticamente próxima de Rhizobium leguminosarum e Rhizobium phaseoli, mostrou-
se eficaz em aumentar a porosidade e a retenção de água, otimizando a circulação de ar e
proporcionando um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento radicular. Por outro lado, a
cepa RSB, relacionada a Agrobacterium radiobacter, contribuiu para o aumento da
disponibilidade de azoto e melhoria da estrutura do solo, enriquecendo-o e aumentando
sua fertilidade. Esses achados reforçam o potencial do uso de cepas de rizóbios e
leguminosas para promover práticas agrícolas mais sustentáveis, incentivando a
conservação do solo e o aumento da produtividade agrícola.
Soil is an essential resource for environmental sustainability and agricultural production, playing a fundamental role in nutrient cycling, water regulation, and supporting plant growth. However, inadequate agricultural practices, such as excessive use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, along with the lack of conservation techniques, have degraded soil, compromising its quality and productive capacity. To mitigate these impacts, the use of legumes associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Trifolium spp., emerges as an effective solution. These bacteria promote biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), enriching the soil with nutrients, improving its structure, and reducing the need for chemical inputs. Additionally, inoculation with rhizobia helps prevent soil erosion and compaction, favoring soil conservation. The experiment included 22 treatments and was conducted over 52 days to evaluate the effect of inoculating plants of the genus Trifolium with different strains of rhizobia on the physical and chemical soil properties. At the end of the experiment, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected to evaluate the physical (permeability, bulk density, porosity, maximum water capacity, field capacity, and aggregate stability) and chemical parameters of the soil (organic carbon and total nitrogen). The results demonstrate that inoculation with rhizobia significantly improves soil structure and fertility, increasing nutrient availability and optimizing water retention. Among the strains tested, RRA and RSB stood out, which showed particularly beneficial effects. The RRA strain, phylogenetically close to Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium phaseoli, proved to be effective in increasing porosity and water retention, optimizing air circulation, and providing a favorable environment for root development. On the other hand, the RSB strain, related to Agrobacterium radiobacter, contributed to increasing nitrogen availability and improving soil structure, enriching it and increasing its fertility. These findings reinforce the potential of using rhizobia and legume strains to promote more sustainable agricultural practices, encouraging soil conservation and increased agricultural productivity.
Soil is an essential resource for environmental sustainability and agricultural production, playing a fundamental role in nutrient cycling, water regulation, and supporting plant growth. However, inadequate agricultural practices, such as excessive use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, along with the lack of conservation techniques, have degraded soil, compromising its quality and productive capacity. To mitigate these impacts, the use of legumes associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Trifolium spp., emerges as an effective solution. These bacteria promote biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), enriching the soil with nutrients, improving its structure, and reducing the need for chemical inputs. Additionally, inoculation with rhizobia helps prevent soil erosion and compaction, favoring soil conservation. The experiment included 22 treatments and was conducted over 52 days to evaluate the effect of inoculating plants of the genus Trifolium with different strains of rhizobia on the physical and chemical soil properties. At the end of the experiment, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected to evaluate the physical (permeability, bulk density, porosity, maximum water capacity, field capacity, and aggregate stability) and chemical parameters of the soil (organic carbon and total nitrogen). The results demonstrate that inoculation with rhizobia significantly improves soil structure and fertility, increasing nutrient availability and optimizing water retention. Among the strains tested, RRA and RSB stood out, which showed particularly beneficial effects. The RRA strain, phylogenetically close to Rhizobium leguminosarum and Rhizobium phaseoli, proved to be effective in increasing porosity and water retention, optimizing air circulation, and providing a favorable environment for root development. On the other hand, the RSB strain, related to Agrobacterium radiobacter, contributed to increasing nitrogen availability and improving soil structure, enriching it and increasing its fertility. These findings reinforce the potential of using rhizobia and legume strains to promote more sustainable agricultural practices, encouraging soil conservation and increased agricultural productivity.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Propriedades do solo Sustentabilidade agrícola Leguminosas Carbono orgânico Manejo do solo Fertilidade do solo Conservação do solo