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Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal efetuar uma avaliação ambiental, após 11 anos do impacto ambiental causado pelo colapso das escombreiras das minas de Portelo (Parque Natural de Montesinho, Portugal) ao longo do percurso hídrico que engloba a Ribeira do Portelo, Ribeira da Aveleda e o rio Sabor. Duas áreas de interesse foram estudadas, a avaliação ecológica baseada nas comunidades de invertebrados e peixes, bem como, aplicar um método de voltametria de redissolução anódica para a análise simultânea dos metais Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ e Cu2+ nas amostras de águas e sedimentos dos corpos hídricos escolhidos. Foram amostrados nove pontos de coleta, divididos entre grupos de locais de referência, locais mais perturbados e locais menos perturbados e aplicadas metodologias enquadradas na Diretiva-Quadro da Água, entre outras. No estudo ecológico verificou-se que os locais mais próximos da mina de Portelo são os locais mais perturbados. Os índices de qualidade do habitat ribeirinho (QBR) e aquático (GQC) foram suficientemente sensíveis e identificaram maior degradação nos locais mais perturbados. O Índice Português de Invertebrados do Norte- IPtIN indicou perturbação nos locais mais perturbados, com classificação Razoável de acordo com seus valores de referência. O estudo apresentou 4,953 exemplares coletados, divididos por 56 grupos faunísticos, com menor presença nos locais mais perturbados, mas com predomínio das ordens Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (%EPT > 50%). Nas águas amostradas não se detetou a presença de metais pesados, mas nos lixiviados dos sedimentos por HCl e digestão por micro-onda, verificou-se a sua presença, enfatizando o Cu que foi detectado em todas as amostras, com valores relativamente altos (mínimo 21 mg/kg e máximo 769 mg/kg). As análises de lixiviados de sedimentos indicam que os níveis de metais presentes não são significativos para causar impacto no sistema hídrico, apresentando maior acumulação na Ribeira de Baçal (menos perturbado) e no afluente da Ribeira Calabor (referência). O ponto de amostragem na aldeia do Portelo apresentou valores significativos de Cd, Pb e Cu, quando comparado com os locais mais perturbados (a jusante das escombreiras e a jusante da confluência com a Ribeira de Portelo).
The main objective of this work was to carry out an environmental assessment, after 11 years of the environmental impact caused by the collapse of the spoil banks of the mines of Portelo (Natural Park of Montesinho, Portugal) along the water course that includes the Portelo stream, Aveleda stream and the Sabor river. Two areas of interest were applied, the ecological evaluation based on invertebrate and fish communities, as well as applying an anodic stripping voltammetry method for the simultaneous analysis of metals Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ in water and sediment samples of the chosen water sites. Nine sampling points were sampled, divided between groups of reference sites, most disturbed sites and less disturbed sites and applied methodologies framed in Portuguese Water Framework Directive, among others. In the ecological study, it was found that the sites closest to the Portelo mine are the most disturbed. The riverine (QBR) and aquatic (GQC) habitat quality indexes were sufficiently sensitive and identified greater degradation in the most disturbed sites. The Portuguese North Invertebrate Index - IPtIN indicated disturbance in the most disturbed places, with Reasonable classification according to their reference values. The study showed 4,953 specimens collected, divided by 56 faunistic groups, with less presence in the most disturbed places, but with predominance of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT > 50%). In the sampled waters the presence of heavy metals wasn’t detected, but in the leachate of the sediments by HCl and digestion by microwave, it was verified its presence, with emphasis for the Cu that was detected in all samples, with relatively high values (minimum 21 mg/kg and maximum 769 mg/kg). The analysis of sediment leachate indicates that the levels of metals present are not significant to cause impact on the water system, presenting greater accumulation in Baçal stream (less disturbed) and in the tributary of Calabor stream (reference). The sampling point in the village of Portelo showed significant values of Cd, Pb and Cu, when compared with the most disturbed places (downstream of the spoil banks and downstream of the confluence with Portelo stream).
The main objective of this work was to carry out an environmental assessment, after 11 years of the environmental impact caused by the collapse of the spoil banks of the mines of Portelo (Natural Park of Montesinho, Portugal) along the water course that includes the Portelo stream, Aveleda stream and the Sabor river. Two areas of interest were applied, the ecological evaluation based on invertebrate and fish communities, as well as applying an anodic stripping voltammetry method for the simultaneous analysis of metals Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ in water and sediment samples of the chosen water sites. Nine sampling points were sampled, divided between groups of reference sites, most disturbed sites and less disturbed sites and applied methodologies framed in Portuguese Water Framework Directive, among others. In the ecological study, it was found that the sites closest to the Portelo mine are the most disturbed. The riverine (QBR) and aquatic (GQC) habitat quality indexes were sufficiently sensitive and identified greater degradation in the most disturbed sites. The Portuguese North Invertebrate Index - IPtIN indicated disturbance in the most disturbed places, with Reasonable classification according to their reference values. The study showed 4,953 specimens collected, divided by 56 faunistic groups, with less presence in the most disturbed places, but with predominance of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT > 50%). In the sampled waters the presence of heavy metals wasn’t detected, but in the leachate of the sediments by HCl and digestion by microwave, it was verified its presence, with emphasis for the Cu that was detected in all samples, with relatively high values (minimum 21 mg/kg and maximum 769 mg/kg). The analysis of sediment leachate indicates that the levels of metals present are not significant to cause impact on the water system, presenting greater accumulation in Baçal stream (less disturbed) and in the tributary of Calabor stream (reference). The sampling point in the village of Portelo showed significant values of Cd, Pb and Cu, when compared with the most disturbed places (downstream of the spoil banks and downstream of the confluence with Portelo stream).
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Mina de volfrâmio Tungstênio Ribeira de Portelo Avaliação ecológica de macroinvertebrados e peixes Metais pesados Voltametria de redissolução anódica