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An insight into the adjustments for changes in costs formula for construction contracts attending real planning
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A gestão de custos das empreitadas de construção tem exigido cada vez maior rigor, utilizando metodologias ajustáveis às diversidades das mudanças conjunturais. As flutuações de preços, sobretudo nas subidas de preços ao nível dos materiais de construção, por efeitos da instável conjuntura de mercado, exigem planeamento e tomadas de decisão que começam no projeto. Em muitos casos o planeamento é feito considerando apenas o presente, mas no decurso das obras surgem imprevistos e diversos fatores externos, que em muitos casos não permitem a nível burocrático mudanças processuais, desencadeando problemas de gestão e prejuízos. A revisão de preços aplicável às empreitadas atende à atualização de preços com base nos índices atualizados de materiais, mão-de-obra e de equipamentos, mas em determinadas fases da obra não compensam a real e efetiva subida dos preços de alguns materiais, pois é feita com base numa média entre os materiais mais significativos presentes na empreitada, distribuídos pelo prazo da empreitada.
Há cerca de um ano foi criado o regime excecional aplicável à revisão de preços, e cuja aplicação foi prolongada até Dezembro deste ano e estendida a outras atividades. Esta alteração contempla a possibilidade de os interessados apresentarem correção ou alteração da aplicação do regime de revisão de preços, quando a vigente esteja desajustada às especificidades da empreitada ou quando a mesma seja omissa no caderno de encargos. O novo regime permite esse ajuste, mas futuramente tal poderá não ser possível, pelo que o desenho das fórmulas de revisão de preços deve atender a particularidades das obras e prever eventuais constrangimentos, podendo tirar-se ensinamentos com a atual inflação de preços.
O artigo pretende apresentar fórmulas presentes em obras de empreitadas e a proposta de eventuais soluções, procedimentos e ajustes a essas fórmulas atendendo ao planeamento previsto para as mesmas, de modo que a sua aplicação no cálculo pelas fórmulas atenda aos materiais efetivamente aplicados em datas especificas, situação frequentemente negligenciada. O estabelecimento de comparações entre as diversas empreitadas objeto de estudo permitem conhecer as compensações financeiras aos empreiteiros nas diferentes situações estudadas, estendendo-se as comparações com a subida de preços ocorrida nos materiais.
The cost management of construction contracts has required increasing rigor, using methodologies that can be adjusted to the diversity of cyclical changes. Price fluctuations, especially price increases in construction materials, due to the unstable market situation, require planning and decision-making that starts with the project. In many cases, planning is done considering only the present, but during the construction works unforeseen events and various external factors arise, which in many cases do not allow for procedural changes at a bureaucratic level, triggering management problems and money losses. The “adjustment for changes in cost” applicable to contracts covers the updating of prices based on updated indices of materials, labour, and equipment, but in certain phases of the construction works they do not compensate for the real and effective increase in prices of some materials. The adjustment for changes in cost is made based on an average of the most significant materials present in the project design, distributed throughout the construction works (contract application). About a year ago, the exceptional regime applicable to adjustment for changes in cost, as known by “price revision” was created, and its application was extended until December this year, and considered other activities. This change contemplates the possibility for interested parties to present a correction or change in the application of the adjustment for changes in cost regime. This is attended to when the current one is not adjusted to the specificities of the contract or when it is omitted in the specifications. The new regime allows this adjustment, but in the future, this may not be possible, so the design of “adjustment for changes in cost“ formulas must take into account some particularities of the construction work and foresee possible constraints, and lessons can be learned from current price inflation. The paper intends to present formulas present in construction contracts and the proposal of possible solutions, procedures, and adjustments to these formulas, considering the planned planning for them. Their application in the calculation using the formulas meets the materials applied on specific dates, often neglected situations. The establishment of comparisons between the different projects under study allows us to know the financial compensation for contractors in the different situations studied, extending the comparisons with the price increase that occurred in materials.
The cost management of construction contracts has required increasing rigor, using methodologies that can be adjusted to the diversity of cyclical changes. Price fluctuations, especially price increases in construction materials, due to the unstable market situation, require planning and decision-making that starts with the project. In many cases, planning is done considering only the present, but during the construction works unforeseen events and various external factors arise, which in many cases do not allow for procedural changes at a bureaucratic level, triggering management problems and money losses. The “adjustment for changes in cost” applicable to contracts covers the updating of prices based on updated indices of materials, labour, and equipment, but in certain phases of the construction works they do not compensate for the real and effective increase in prices of some materials. The adjustment for changes in cost is made based on an average of the most significant materials present in the project design, distributed throughout the construction works (contract application). About a year ago, the exceptional regime applicable to adjustment for changes in cost, as known by “price revision” was created, and its application was extended until December this year, and considered other activities. This change contemplates the possibility for interested parties to present a correction or change in the application of the adjustment for changes in cost regime. This is attended to when the current one is not adjusted to the specificities of the contract or when it is omitted in the specifications. The new regime allows this adjustment, but in the future, this may not be possible, so the design of “adjustment for changes in cost“ formulas must take into account some particularities of the construction work and foresee possible constraints, and lessons can be learned from current price inflation. The paper intends to present formulas present in construction contracts and the proposal of possible solutions, procedures, and adjustments to these formulas, considering the planned planning for them. Their application in the calculation using the formulas meets the materials applied on specific dates, often neglected situations. The establishment of comparisons between the different projects under study allows us to know the financial compensation for contractors in the different situations studied, extending the comparisons with the price increase that occurred in materials.
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Oliveira, Rui; Abreu, Maria Isabel, Lopes, Jorge (2024). An insight into the adjustments for changes in costs formula for construction contracts attending real planning. In 10th REHABEND Congress, CONSTRUCTION PATHOLOGY, REHABILITATION TECHNOLOGY AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT. Gijón. ISBN 978-84-09-58990-6.