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- Application of the STEAM methodology for laser scanning of historic buildingsPublication . Carvalho, H.C.L.; Santos, Jorge; Lopes, Isabel Maria; Ribeiro, J.E.; Rocha, João3D laser scanning ensures consistency and objective validation of results, further increasing the level of quality and advancing problem resolution. Combining the scanner output with auxiliary programs, the scanned images become electronic mockups. This type of technology allows low-access environments to be integrated into the collection, as well as specific objects, maintaining their integrity and allowing the researcher to work virtually avoiding losses. Contributing to the guarantee of historic buildings, the study is focused on the development of a new methodology to identify the pathology and assist in the restoration of heritage.
- Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibersPublication . Paulo, Ana; Santos, Jorge; Rocha, João; Lima, Rui A.; Ribeiro, J.E.Abstract Although polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used materials in additive manufacturing, its mechanical properties are quite limiting for its practical application, therefore, to improve these properties it is frequent to add fibers and, in this way, create a more resistant composite material. In this paper, the authors developed PLA composites reinforced with flax fibers to evaluate the improvement of tensile and flexural strength. The experimental design of experiments was based on the L18 Taguchi array where the control factors were the extruder temperature (three levels), number of strands (three levels), infill percentage of the specimens (three levels), and whether the flax fiber had surface chemical treatment. The tensile and flexural specimens were made on a 3D printing machine and was a mold was developed to fix and align the fiber strands during the printing process. The tensile and flexural experimental tests were performed in agreement with ASTM D638.14 and ISO 14125 standards, respectively. Analyzing the results, it was verified that the surface chemical treatment (NaOH) of the fiber did not show any influence in the mechanical properties of the composites; in contrast, the infill density demonstrated a huge influence for the improvement of mechanical strength. The maximum values of tensile and bending stress were 50 MPa and 73 MPa, respectively. The natural fiber reinforcement can improve the mechanical properties of the PLA composites.
- Biomechanical analysis of gait with double backpackPublication . Santos, Jorge; Rocha, João; San Juan, ManuelWhen observing the gait associated with the transportation of backpacks by children and adults, there were differences in posture and gait when compared to gait without back overload. Using a backpack type double backpack, studies suggest its performance is better than traditional transport. It is expected to confirm the advantages of using double backpack by the civilian population for the transport of high loads minimizing possible future injuries.
- An innovation project at the IPB: higher education for allPublication . Semedo, José; Martins, Cláudia; Rocha, João; Santos, Jorge; Martins, SandraEpistemologically speaking, higher education (HE) is oftentimes regarded as a place of “receiving” knowledge and skills rather than “giving”, a place of watching creation happen rather than participating in this creation process. However, in the new millennium, HE institutions have gradually been rediscovering constructivism and broadening its scope to a more participatory approach. Thus, cocreation ecosystems, quoting the IPB’s president’s terminology, have mushroomed and given rise to a number of projects, experiences and work philosophies and methodologies, among which Demola at the IPB is worth to mention. Participatory methodologies were set in train by a team of professors-reseachers, junior researchers and collaborators with impairments for the project “Culture for All Bragança” that the IPB carried out for the Municipality of Bragança. Throughout 2 years, we worked side by side in producing a number of resources which enabled us to amass experience and expertise in cocreation, specifically in local cultural venues. This inspired us to focus on the IPB as a whole, though at a first stage only at the campus, in order to set up similar resources that could cater for different needs of different groups of people, be it students or staff of the IPB. Ultimately, our goal is to help make the IPB a more accessible institution for diverse people. As such, we wish to report on the development of this project from the joint diagnosis of the accessibility conditions of the 3 schools at the campus, along with the central services, to the production of 2.5D/high relief plans and their mediation texts, which include audiodescription, Portuguese Sign Language and easy language. By working together with people with impairments, we sought to grapple with challenges that are posed by contemporary societal demands but also with the future employment landscape, which requires professionals to be able to deal with diversity be it in terms of functionality or ethnical, to name just a few.
- Uma experiência de integração dos conceitos steam no projeto e fabrico de componentes eletro-mecânicosPublication . Rocha, João; Santos, Jorge; Ribeiro, J.E.A integração de várias áreas do conhecimento é fundamental em muitos dos projetos de engenharia. Neste trabalho, partindo de um caso real para um estudo académico, pretendeu-se aplicar várias áreas do conhecimento no projeto e fabrico de um equipamento destinado a alterar o modo de interação do condutor com uma moto. Com este trabalho os autores pretenderam aplicar o conceito de educação STEAM que é uma abordagem de aprendizagem que usa a ciência, a tecnologia, a engenharia, as artes e a matemática como elementos fundamentais para orientar a investigação, o diálogo e o pensamento crítico dos alunos.
- A impressão 3D no FabLab IPB, um caso solidárioPublication . Rocha, João; Santos, Jorge; Barbosa, JoséA primeira vez que tivemos contacto com a tecnologia 3D foi em 1998 no INEGI, no âmbito de um mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica da Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, sob orientação do professor J. Lino Alves. Nesta época iniciava-se o uso destas tecnologias, a primeira impressora fora lançada para o mercado cerca de 10 anos antes pela 3D Systems. Não se falava em fabrico aditivo. O grande objetivo era o fabrico rápido de protótipos, preferencialmente funcionais, falava-se de prototipagem rápida. A outra grande área era o fabrico rápido de ferramentas, área onde se inseriu esta tese de mestrado. As tecnologias disponíveis nos finais dos anos 90 de seculo XX no INEGI eram o LOM (laminated object manufacturing - fabrico de objetos por camadas) e um equipamento de Estereolitografia.
- 2nd. International Workshop on Additive Manufacturing and Sustainability (IWAM): book of proceedingsPublication . Rocha, João; Ribeiro, J.E.; Santos, Jorge; Lima, Rui A.In recent years, the manufacturing processes have undergone a profound transformation, driven by the rapid evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. What began as a tool primarily for prototyping through stereolithography has now expanded into a versatile and innovative field capable of producing functional, end-use components across a wide range of industries. From fused deposition modeling (FDM) to selective laser melting (SLM) and beyond, AM has unlocked new possibilities in design, material utilization, and production efficiency. Today, additive manufacturing encompasses an extensive array of materials, including metals, polymers, paper, and even biological tissues, enabling applications that span from the mechanical industry to the biomedical sector. One of the most compelling aspects of additive manufacturing is its potential to drive sustainability in modern production processes. Unlike traditional subtractive methods, which often generate significant material waste, AM builds components layer by layer, minimizing excess material and promoting resource efficiency. Furthermore, the ability to use eco-friendly and recyclable materials aligns with global efforts to reduce environmental impact. AM also supports the production of complex, customized parts on demand, reducing the need for large inventories and long-distance transportation, thereby lowering carbon emissions. By optimizing resource use and enabling more efficient production cycles, additive manufacturing is emerging as a cornerstone of sustainable manufacturing practices. This proceeding book arrests the latest advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the field of additive manufacturing, with a particular focus on its transformative potential and contributions to sustainability. The works presented here reflect the interdisciplinary nature of AM, showcasing innovative techniques, materials, and applications that are shaping the future of manufacturing. From cutting-edge research to real-world case studies, this collection aims to inspire further exploration and collaboration, driving the adoption of additive manufacturing as a key enabler of sustainable industrial progress. We invite readers to probe into these pages and discover how AM is not only redefining manufacturing but also paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient future.
- Construction of an optimized 3D Printer, programmed by Arduino and designed in SolidWorks softwarePublication . Trindade, Raul Manuel; Lopes, Isabel Maria; Santos, Jorge; Rocha, JoãoThe 3D printer is a prototyping machine capable of producing three-dimensional objects, distributed in 3D software, which are built after layer through an additive process. This project aims to develop a low-cost open-source 3D Printer controlled by Arduino. It also aims to deepen the topic of rapid prototyping and provide the community, internal and external, of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), with a base for developing these printers so as to benefit from the study of new technologies and their replication. The most common and economical model, of a 3D printer, uses the technique of modeling by fusion and deposition (FDM - Fused Deposition Modeling), which is the base technology of our project. At the beginning of the project, we were proposed to design a 3D printer. In this there was the electronic/programming part already validated, with the need to build the mechanical part of it. Thus, we proposed to continue the base of the existing project, having carried out all the mechanical modeling of the printer and validating the design of the various parts that had to be raised in order to meet the various requirements this one demanded. There was also a survey of suppliers of various parts on the market from which an extensive list of references, suppliers, values, quantities, and forms of acquisition was drawn up. In order to make the final physical assembly possible, they were machined as aluminum parts, obtaining structural strength and reliability of the set. Aluminum parts were marked in order to able to use the “leftovers” existing in the mechanical workshop and thus manage to reduce and consolidate the final cost of the project.[3].
- Utilização de técnica termográfica, para determinação de desequilibrios musculares, durante o trabalho e o transportede LAPTOP em mochila suportada por um único ombroPublication . Rocha, João; Queijo, Luis; Santos, JorgeCom esta avaliação pretende-se estudar a actividade muscular durante uma actividade física recorrendo à técnica de teletermografia, ou seja, termografia sem contacto. Com a teletermografia é possível estudar a actividade funcional e metabólica dos tecidos incluindo o tecido muscular, articular, do sistema nervoso neurovegetativo, fibras do sistema nervoso periférico, etc. Esta técnica possibilita a análise em tempo real, observação dinâmica das reacções do aparelho locomotor a testes provocativos das síndromes dolorosas e provas de stresse e esforços. Pretende-se analisar, com esta técnica, jovens quando caminham com e sem sobrecarga ao ombro, no caso um laptop, determinando desequilíbrios posturais com consequentes ocorrências de lesões agudas e crónicas
- Cultura para todos Bragança: reflexões preliminares sobre a avaliação de acessibilidade de espaços culturaisPublication . Martins, Cláudia; Prada, Ana Raquel Russo; Mendes, Eugénia; Rocha, João; Santos, Jorge; Pinho, AndréA preocupação com a acessibilidade e inclusão de diferentes públicos em espaços culturais tem sido foco de atenção crescente. É neste contexto que surge o “Cultura para Todos Bragança”, projeto do Município de Bragança, com financiamento regional do programa NORTE 2020 (NORTE-07-4230-FSE-000058), cuja execução esteve a cargo do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Com o estudo descrito neste artigo pretende caracterizar-se as condições de acessibilidade de cinco espaços culturais dependentes da Câmara Municipal de Bragança. Para a recolha de dados recorreu-se à matriz da Direção Geral do Património Cultural (2021) e à observação não participante de visitas orientadas pelos técnicos, complementada por entrevistas semiestruturadas, medições e registos fotográficos. Os resultados apontam para a existência de barreiras na acessibilidade física, sensorial, intelectual e emocional. Urge capacitar os profissionais que atuam nos diferentes setores dos espaços culturais para as questões da acessibilidade, assegurando serviços inclusivos para pessoas com deficiência e incapacidade.