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- O BSC, o SIPOC e o Visual Management como ferramentas de potenciar a melhoria organizacional: um estudo de caso aplicado ao setor dos transportesPublication . Cardim, Sofia; Borges, Mário; Vara, Natália; Queirós, CristinaA estrutura empresarial portuguesa é composta maioritariamente por micro, pequenas e médias empresas, que nem sempre dispõem dos recursos físicos, materiais e humanos para desenvolver os seus processos operacionais da forma mais sustentável. Estas empresas representam uma fonte de emprego para um grande número de trabalhadores. O presente trabalho tem como principais objetivos evidenciar a importância da utilização do instrumento Balanced Scorecard e do SIPOC, introduzidos através do Visual Management, como ferramentas de melhoria do processo de trabalho numa PME do setor dos transportes. A metodologia é do tipo estudo de caso, com uma observação participante. Como principais resultados da implementação destas ferramentas, verificou-se uma melhoria de diversos processos internos inerentes ao desenvolvimento da sua atividade, sistematizando e desenvolvendo ações diversas no âmbito da sua atividade operacional. Estas mudanças encontram-se relacionadas, em grande medida, com a informatização de alguns processos, nomeadamente respeitantes com o controlo da frota, cargas e viagens, que eram realizados de forma manual e que passaram a ser realizados de forma informatizada, que se fizeram sentir na melhoria do bem-estar dos trabalhadores, essencialmente, da gestão de topo.
- Marketing Plan for an Online Business: A Case StudyPublication . Souza, Yuri; Fonseca, Manuel José; Cardim, SofiaThe aim of this study is to define the most appropriate marketing strategy, as well as develop a marketing plan to increase brand recognition, for a newly created Brazilian company called Probate for Dummies, which operates in the online resale of inherited assets. The data that provide the basis for this study was generated through semi-structured interviews applied to a sample formed by the owner of the company, followed by specialists in different fields of knowledge which may directly influence the business. As for the main outcomes, this project unfolds the key factors of both micro and macro environments of the company, in the form of a SWOT and PESTEL analyses, as well as the analysis of the Porter’s five competitive forces. In the sequence, a marketing central strategy was delineated through the market segmentation, target selection and positioning definition, which guided the marketing objectives to be pursued. Thereafter, based on those marketing objectives, a marketing mix was composed based on the 7P’s (Product, Price, Placement, Promotions, People, Process, Physical Evidence). Furthermore, an operational plan composed by specific actions addressed to each marketing goal was settled, along with the budget and schedule of implementation. Regarding the conclusions, a market penetration strategy shows to be the most suitable for this business, with development of new services for the costumers of the niche it acts. Yet, the strategy is intensively based in terms of promotion, especially in segmented digital marketing.
- Manager versus leader: an impact on international internshipsPublication . Tomaz, Vilma; Cardim, SofiaThe broad topics of management and leadership have been studied by several authors. In this project a brief introduction to these topics is carried out as well as the differences found between them are highlighted. Businesses are considered a source of education so the topic of introducing internships through the school trajectory is also addressed. In an increasingly competitive market, companies have to keep up, and for that, they need increasingly qualified workers, whom both these and future generations depend a lot on the results of their school careers as well as their internships. This is the primary problem that leads us to the main objective of this study, to identify and understand the type of management that each participant had in the internship, and which one they prefer, having as a starting question "What is considered the most appropriate style of team leadership in companies by young adults after their international internship?". To develop the study, a qualitative methodology was used. For data collection, the structured interview, and the reading of scientific documents such as articles and books were used as techniques. Then the collected data was processed, applying the interpretive phenomenological analysis method that helps understand the personal experiences of an individual. The results of the study made it possible to identify the management preference of young adults for companies today, according to the types of supervisors that they had when they carried out the international internships.
- Recomposições do trabalho da mulher na agricultura: uma análise temporalPublication . Cardim, Sofia; Vara, NatáliaA par de outros setores de atividade, as mulheres desempenham um papel cada vez mais ativo na Agricultura. No entanto, o seu papel, apesar de ser de uma importância extrema, nem sempre foi visível. Assumindo como questão de investigação “De que forma evoluiu o papel e o contributo da mulher na área agrícola, desde o início do século XX até à atualidade, na economia portuguesa?”, a partir da qual se formularam cinco objetivos específicos respeitantes à evolução do papel da mulher na Agricultura, no que respeita a participação, ganho e educação, recorreu-se a uma metodologia semi-quantitativa, com base em fontes secundárias de dados, com um caráter marcadamente descritivo, de forma a dar resposta aos objetivos propostos. Como conclusões, destaca-se que apesar de ao longo do século XX e até, essencialmente, ao final da década de sessenta, a mulher ter assumido um papel de invisibilidade (forçadamente imposto de forma social), o seu papel foi fundamental, uma vez que foi colmatando falhas na mão-de-obra, contrabalançando também o parco rendimento do agregado familiar e cuidando dos campos, não deixando estes ao abandono. Na atualidade, a mulher na Agricultura assume um papel de destaque, estando presente em todas as esferas analisadas, seja como produtora agrícola, ou como dirigente agrícola. Possui elevados nível de escolaridade, posicionando-se através de um forte processo de profissionalização, que lhe permite uma presença sustentável num mercado de trabalho concorrencial e num setor de atividade que, apesar de muitas vezes negligenciado, é fundamental para a sobrevivência humana. Destaca-se, no entanto, a perniciosa desigualdade salarial que teima em persistir entre os coletivos masculino e feminino, neste setor de atividade.
- Aplicação do modelo EVA® (Economic Value Added) como uma prática de sustentabilidade financeiraPublication . Cardim, Sofia; Loureiro, NorbertoObjetivo: O Economic Value Added (EVA®) é uma medida financeira que avalia o desempenho económico de uma empresa ao considerar o custo de capital investido, destacando o valor gerado pela empresa acima do custo de oportunidade e contribuindo para a determinação do facto da empresa se encontrar (ou não) a gerar valor. Relacionar o modelo EVA® com a sustentabilidade financeira de uma Pequena e Média Empresa (PME) é uma abordagem possível e interessante, que permite compreender de que forma a empresa se encontra a equilibrar o seu desempenho com práticas sustentáveis. Metodologia: O presente trabalho seguiu uma metodologia de observação participante, de tipo investigação ação, através da qual se procedeu à implementação do modelo EVA®, entre os anos 2018 a 2020, numa empresa que opera no setor da construção, mas que possui uma forte aposta numa atividade centrada na sustentabilidade. Sendo uma organização composta por uma equipa de profissionais altamente qualificados e empenhados, procura-se de forma constante implementar soluções construtivas e sistemas inovadores que correspondam às expectativas e necessidades dos seus clientes. Resultados: Da análise realizada à empresa concluiu-se que nos anos em análise a mesma apresentou em todos os anos um valor económico agregado positivo, tendo gerado, no que respeita à remuneração dos seus capitais investidos, excedentes superiores aos necessários, ocorrendo criação de valor. Originalidade/valor: A aplicação deste método permitiu à empresa compreender melhor o valor do seu capital, podendo tomar decisões de forma mais consciente e informada.
- Dynamic capabilities and mediating effects of innovation on the competitive advantage and firm’s performance: the moderating role of organizational learning capabilityPublication . Ferreira, Jorge; Cardim, Sofia; Coelho, ArnaldoThe objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of exploration and exploitation capabilities on competitive advantage (hereafter CA) and performance, considering the mediating role of innovation capabilities (hereafter ICs) and the moderating role of organizational learning capability (hereafter OLC) on the proposed relationships. This investigation proposes a theoretical model tested using structural equation modelling (SEM), and a multi-group analysis is performed to understand the moderating role of organizational learning capability. A 90-item questionnaire exploring the relationships between dynamic capabilities (hereafter DCs) and innovation was developed, and a total of 387 valid questionnaires were collected from a sample of Portuguese’s smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), a case of a transition economy. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of the direct and indirect impact of exploration and exploitation on CA variables, the mediating role of IC on CA and performance and the moderating effect of OLC in a transition economy.
- Discriminação salarial por sexo e por setores de atividade em Portugal: evidências regionais em período de crisePublication . Nunes, Alcina; Cardim, SofiaA discriminação salarial, por sexo, no mercado de trabalho é um fenómeno negativo que ainda perdura nas mais diversas culturas e economias. Tal reflete-se nas diferenças entre remunerações e ganhos, independentemente do setor de atividade considerado. Portugal enfrentou nos últimos anos uma crise económica com um impacto negativo no mercado de trabalho, nomeadamente, nas taxas de emprego e desemprego, não sendo tão debatido o impacto na remuneração, por sexo. Dada esta realidade, é objetivo deste trabalho, identificar e analisar a influência do ciclo económico e do desenvolvimento regional português na evolução da diferença remuneratória entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2013, com recurso à metodologia shift-share. Esta metodologia é simples e exploratória, mas amplamente utilizada na análise regional, para aferir a forma como a tendência nacional e estrutural e as caraterísticas regionais influenciam a evolução das variáveis em estudo. Concluiu-se que a estrutura e a competitividade regionais são aspetos fundamentais para a compreensão do diferencial remuneratório existente no país.
- Gender inequalities: national evidence by activity sectors in the portuguese labour marketPublication . Nunes, Alcina; Cardim, SofiaThe gender occupational segregation is a negative phenomenon which still remains a common feature to the most diverse cultures and economies in the 21st century. One of the ways in which it is embodied is in wages and salary differences. Thus, this paper aims to identify and analyse the influence of the economic activities and the regional distribution of those same activities on the evolution of the average dissimilarity remuneration of Portuguese workers between 2010 and 2013. The variable under survey is the difference between the average monthly income, and the analysis was made by using the shift-share methodology. The productive structure and regional competitiveness have proven to be decisive in the wage gap.
- Female leadership in a markedly male sector: an exploratory study applied to the granite transformation sectorPublication . Cardim, Sofia; Nunes, AlcinaEven though the participation levels of women in the paid labour market is similar to men, as well as female education levels, essentially in the higher levels of education, such acquisitions are not yet accompanied by equality in leadership and access to certain management and headship positions in a large group of Portuguese companies. It is also a reality that the Portuguese business network is composed mostly of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many of which have a family structure, composed by the couple and, in some cases, also by their sons and daughters, when they are old enough to access the labour work. Accordingly, in this research work, the focal objective is to understand the main advantages and difficulties regarding leadership (assumed by women) of two companies in the industrial sector, specifically in stone (granite) transformation. To reach the proposed objective, a research is carried out with a mixed character. That is, in a first phase of quantitative and descriptive character, under which we intend to analyse the outlook of the industrial sector regarding the leadership according to gender. Secondly, a qualitative analysis is conducted, in which we try to understand how women, who lead two companies in the abovementioned area, develop their work, with which constraints and challenges they face, in a markedly masculine area. Accordingly, in the first phase of the research a statistical analysis using secondary data is performed, and in the second phase, once it is a qualitative research, with the main objective of understanding the reality, we used the structured interview, directed to two women who occupy the central position in two companies of the northern region of Portugal. Regarding the first part of the investigation, it is concluded that inequality still exists in Portuguese labour market, regarding gender, not only in access to leadership positions but also in access to certain professions and in certain sectors of activity.
- Clustering the portuguese employee population regarding gender: a NUTIII cluster analysisPublication . Nunes, Alcina; Cardim, Sofia; Balsa, CarlosThroughout the last century and the last decade of the XXI century, where the issue is being discussed in several social, political and scientific forums, women have achieved unquestionable labour market rights increasing their presence and visibility. Nevertheless, they continue to be discriminated in modern labour market environments and gender segregation continues to be a feature common to many markets, namely the ones of more developed economies such as the Portuguese. The phenomenon is undesirable and has been fought by a number of public measures, not just those addressed directly at the labour market but also those which aim to combat gender discrimination in societies as a whole. In order these measures could be effective and produce the desired effects, it is necessary to know and understand the reality in order to act on it. In particular, it is necessary to understand if there are regional differences that can be considered in specific public policies directed to well-targeted populations. The availability of regional statistical information on the labour market, which provides information by gender, for variables such as staff employed by companies regarding professions, duration and type of work or earnings and remuneration earned by men and women in different economic activities, allows also the use of increasingly sophisticated statistical techniques and thus to develop and present research that characterizes the female and male NUTIII employee population in mainland Portugal. Considering the new potential of information and statistical methodologies, this paper applies the exploratory analysis of clusters to develop hypotheses about the existence of regional differences related to men and women employee in the national labour market. The latest data for the desired regional division, which match the intermunicipal communities, made available by the National Statistical Institution refer to 2013, a period not too far away from the present time to identify patterns on which the public power may act developing the most adequate and effective measures.