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- EU general data protection regulation Implementation: an institutional theory viewPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Guarda, Teresa; Oliveira, PedroThe General Data Protection Regulation entered into force on 25 May 2018, but was approved on 27 April 2016. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) aims to ensure the coherence of natural persons’ protection within the European Union (EU), comprising very important innovative rules that will be applied across the EU and will directly affect every Member State. The organizations/Institutions had two years to implement it. Despite this, it has been observed that, in several sectors of activity, the number of organi-zations having adopted that control is low. This study aimed to identify the factors which condition the implementation the GDPR by organizations. Methodologically, the study involved interviewing the officials in charge of information systems in 18 health clinics in Portugal. The factors facilitating and inhibiting the implementation of GDPR are presented and discussed. Based on these factors, a set of recommendations to enhance the implemen-tation of the measures proposed by the regulation is made. The study used Institutional Theory as a theoretical framework. The results are discussed in light of the data collected in the survey and possible future works are identi-fied.
- Applying action research in the formulation of information security policiesPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Oliveira, PedroInformation Systems Security (ISS) is crucial in all and each of the services provided by organizations. This paper focuses on Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) as although all organizations have their own requirements as far as information security is concerned, SMEs offer one of the most interesting cases for studying the issue of information security policies. Within the organizational universe, SMEs assume a unique relevance due to their high number, which makes information security efficiency a crucial issue. There are several measures which can be implemented in order to ensure the effective protection of information assets, among which the adoption of ISS policies stands out. This article aims to constitute an empirical study on the applicability of the Action Research (AR) method in information systems, more specifically through the formulation of an ISS policy in SMEs. The research question is to what extent this research method is adequate to reach the proposed goal.
- The security policy application process: action researchPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Oliveira, PedroIt is crucial for companies to acknowledge the need for applying security policies because, without such policies, there is no reliable way to define, implement, and enforce a security plan within an organization. Small and medium sized enterprises (SME) are no exception. Within the organizational universe, SMEs assume a unique relevance due to their high number, which makes information security efficiency a paramount issue. There are several measures which can be implemented in order to ensure the effective protection of information assets, among which the adoption of ISS policies stands out. A recent survey concluded that from 307 SMEs, only 15 indicated to have an ISS policy [1]. The conclusion drawn from that study was that the adoption of ISS policies has not become a reality yet. As an attempt to mitigate this fact, security policies were formulated, implemented and adopted in 10 SMEs which had stated not to have this security measure. These interventions were conceived as Action Research (AR) projects.
- The importance of smart cities and urban policies for the interior of the countryPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Oliveira, PedroSmart cities are an emerging concept around the world, a smart city is a city that mobilizes and uses resources, namely social, cultural, financial, natural, information and technology, to efficiently improve the quality of life of its inhabitants, workers, students and other visitors. Although the concept of smart city is not consensual, there are some aspects that are common to the various definitions, namely, environment, use of information technologies, knowledge and sustainable urban development. The use of the "smart" concept captures innovative digital transformations driven by new technological capabilities. However, other social factors besides smart technologies are central to smart cities (Smith, 2022). In Portugal we have cities and towns with very different attitudes and degrees of maturity regarding urban intelligence (Neto, 2022). There is no direct correlation between urban intelligence and its geographic location. Urban intelligence does not depend on whether the city is located further to the coast or further inland, it depends on the dynamism, creativity and innovation of each city, in the implementation of good solutions. Urban intelligence is increasingly dependent on the Internet of Things (IoT) and this is the new technological period that will eloquently change the way people, cities and "things" interact (Lopes et al, 2017). Thus, this work aims to identify possible projects that Municipalities can adopt/implement, so that cities become smarter, which will imply a better quality of life for those who visit them and for those who live there, which can contribute to the development of the interior. from the country.
- Hortas comunitárias do IPBPublication . Peixinho, Diana; Rodrigues, M.A.; Nobre, Sílvia; Oliveira, PedroO projeto das hortas comunitárias do IPB desenvolvido desde 2011 pela Associação Cultural e Recreativa do Pessoal do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), promove a prática de horticultura de lazer, privilegiando a agricultura biológica e sustentável, com o intuito de fomentar a convivência interpessoal e com a natureza, e a alimentação saudável dos seus utilizadores cuja origem geográfica e conhecimentos agrícolas são bastante diversos. Foram realizadas 51 entrevistas que correspondem a 88 utilizadores num universo de 120 hortas e foi feito um levantamento das principais práticas agrícolas realizadas neste espaço. A partir do levantamento dessas práticas foi possível distinguir aquelas que se traduzem numa melhoria do comportamento agronómico das culturas como a utilização de redes de sombreamento que permitem criar um ambiente mais favorável ao desenvolvimento inicial das culturas. Por outro lado, existem práticas cujo efeito não se revela uma mais-valia como a utilização de garrafões de plástico para impedir danos causados por geada. Partindo de dados fornecidos na entrevista foi possível concluir que a produção de uma horta no período de primavera/verão permite que o agregado familiar reduza as suas compras em legumes, quer durante a produção quer nos meses seguintes, sendo que muitas vezes o tempo de duração do consumo chega a um ano. Foi possível ainda aferir, para o mesmo período, que pelo menos um hortelão conseguiu uma produção equivalente a uma poupança de 300€ em legumes.
- The importance of STEAM education in schools: literature reviewPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Rocha, João; Oliveira, PedroNever before has there been so much talk about educational innovation like today! Innovation that translates into a continuous process of improving teaching in our schools, which necessarily involves the human development of each and every student, focusing on areas that also accompany the technological development of recent decades. The advent of new emerging technologies has led to the emergence of teaching and learning approaches aimed at cultivating the critical thinking needed for the complex and rapidly changing digital age. This trend has contributed to an integrated approach to teaching and learning known as STEAM (Meletiou-Mavrotheris M., 2022). It is this methodology that we intend to briefly address in this work, given that the topic is emerging and that it should be studied empirically, so that this methodology is implemented in our schools, although the same is not done in this work, limiting itself to a more theoretical approach. Thus, a literature review was carried out in order to clarify the extent to which STEAM education can contribute to the much-desired educational innovation.
- Implementation of ISO 27001 standards as GDPR compliance facilitatorPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Guarda, Teresa; Oliveira, PedroPersonal Data Protection has been among the most discussed topics lately and a reason for great concern among organizations. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the most important change in data privacy regulation in 20 years. The regulation will fundamentally reshape the way in which data is handled across every sector. The organizations had two years to implement it. As referred by many authors, the implementation of the regulation has not been an easy task for companies. The question we aim to answer in this study is how far the implementation of ISO 27001 standards might represent a facilitating factor to organizations for an easier compliance with the regulation. In order to answer this question, several websites (mostly of consulting companies) were analyzed, and the aspects considered as facilitating are listed in this paper.
- Implementation of information systems security policies: a survey in small and medium sized enterprisesPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Oliveira, PedroInformation has become organizations’ most valuable asset, thus being a potential target to threats intending to explore their vulnerabilities and cause considerable damage. Therefore, there is a need to implement policies regarding information systems security (ISS) in an attempt to reduce the chances of fraud or information loss. Thus, it is important to find the critical success factors to the implementation of a security policy as well as to assess the level of importance of each one of them. This paper contributes to the identification of such factors by presenting the results of a survey regarding information systems security policies in small and medium sized enterprises (SME). We discuss the results in the light of a literature framework and identify future works aiming to enhance information security in organizations.
- Understanding information security culture: a survey in small and medium sized enterprisesPublication . Lopes, Isabel Maria; Oliveira, PedroInformation security is a relevant fact for current organizations. There are factors inextricably linked to this issue, and one cannot talk about information security in an organization without addressing and understanding the information security culture of that institution. Maximizing the organizational culture within an organization will enable the safeguard of information security. For that, we need to understand which the inhibiting and the enabling factors are. This paper contributes to point out those factors by presenting the results of a survey concerning information security culture in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). We discuss the results in the light of related literature, and we identify future works aiming to enhance information security within organizations.
- Boas práticas agroecológicas em horticultura urbanaPublication . Rodrigues, M.A.; Peixinho, Diana; Nobre, Sílvia; Oliveira, Pedro; Arrobas, MargaridaA agricultura urbana é um fenómeno generalizado em todo o mundo. Nos países em desenvolvimento e nos países desenvolvidos em épocas de crise económica, a criação de espaços para agricultura urbana tem sido um instrumento político de grande valor social que permite aumentar a segurança alimentar e mitigar a pobreza e o desemprego. Recentemente, têm surgido projetos de agricultura urbana em cidades de países desenvolvidos destinados a assegurar atividade social e qualidade de vida aos seus cidadãos. O Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB) desenvolve, desde 2011, um projeto desta natureza. Neste trabalho relatam-se algumas práticas com elevado significado agroecológico adotadas pelos horticultores, designadamente fertilização orgânica, compostagem, mulching, intercropping e forçagem.