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- From the Portuguese 20th century dictatorship to the Americas: the role of translated propagandaPublication . Chumbo, IsabelThe Portuguese New State regime lasted for 41 years and throughout the period spanning from 1933 to 1974 its propaganda endeavours held notable significance. Operating as a B-nation with limited influence in global diplomatic affairs but harbouring considerable aspirations, Portugal executed a series of initiatives categorized as soft power practices. These initiatives, conducted in foreign languages, were strategically devised to disseminate the ideals and propaganda of the New State. This trend extended beyond geographical confines, with the Americas serving as no exception. This paper focuses on the foundational years of the regime, specifically the 1930s and 1940s, when the speeches of Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar were translated into Spanish and disseminated in Chile and Argentina. While the Portuguese regime's choice of such a course of action may appear peculiar and far-fetched, studies (Beired, 2010; Pinto, 2022) have affirmed that numerous right-wing ideologies emanating from European nations found receptive audiences and were embraced by political movements and intellectual circles in the Americas during the 1930s. In this context, Salazar's regime was even regarded as an alternative within the era of fascism. The translation of Portuguese propaganda has been scarcely studied and, as such, this approach is innovative and will allow an insight into how the process occurred and into its intricacies as an event in itself. Besides delving into the archives to analyse the files concerning the two volumes of speeches published in Chile and Argentina, we will also concern ourselves with a document authored by the director of the Portuguese Propaganda Office entitled “Plan for a campaign of Portugueseness throughout America, specially in Brazil”. The exploratory nature of this archival study is geared towards elucidating and comprehending how the regime effectively communicated its ideas and principles to a foreign audience, with a specific focus on the Americas.
- AduLeT project: the community of practice platformPublication . Gonçalves, Vitor; Chumbo, Isabel; Silva, Elisabete Mendes; Patrício, Maria RaquelThe innovation of Europe’s Higher Education systems results mainly from the use of emerging technologies for education and training. Higher education teachers should be prepared to have adequate knowledge, skills or abilities to deal with it in the most suitable way. Technology enhanced learning is the broad approach to using technology to support teaching and learning processes more effectively. In this sense, Advanced use of Learning Technologies in higher education (AduLeT) project has been set up, a collaborative research project funded by the European Commission, involving seven partner countries, running from November 2016 to August 2019. AduLeT aims to improve the teaching quality of lecturers by enhancing their skills regarding the use of technologies in an advanced way. It also aims at training the lecturer on how a specific teaching method can be combined with a certain technology in addition to providing guidelines, best practice and strategy concepts for lecturers and universities. This support system is being implemented as a community of practice (CoP) with all the results of the project and driven by pedagogical aspects. The CoP should also provide the possibility to get into contact with other lecturers and share experiences about teaching with Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). The present paper intends to expose the system of CoP as well as its usage, explaining methods and tools, looking for a problem, user experiences and barriers. The platform consists in an application developed with an author programming tool which makes navigation and interaction flexible, visual, easy and coherent. The platform has been developed to provide users with a useful experience and to ensure inspired teaching and equipped with the skills required to enhance lectures’ current practice. Our experience shows that a CoP could facilitate the adaptation process and allow a faster and more effective transferability of teaching innovations between different countries as well as between lecturers and universities at a national level.
- Translating the regime: an insight into the history of translation during the Portuguese 20th century dictatorshipPublication . Chumbo, IsabelThis paper aims at presenting a contribution towards the history of translation during the 20th century in Portugal, from the perspective of exporting translations by the Estado Novo through the English speeches of António Oliveira Salazar in the period from 1933 to 1950. The work is based on a study which develops a comparative and descriptive project of a qualitative nature in order to contribute to the external and internal history of translation into English of Salazar’s speeches in the given context. The main objectives of this paper are: (1) to understand how translation within the Portuguese regime developed and worked; (2) to perceive the reasons why the regime translated into foreign languages, specifically into English; (3) to analyse and describe a corpus of translated texts, which allow us to establish a relation between translation and propaganda in the Portuguese context. Based on a thorough archival work, the study also describes the process surrounding these translations, as well as the agents involved. This contribution will provide a comparative perspective through the lens of translation and will undoubtedly shed light on the role translation played in the making of a specific historical period, especially when considering the diplomatic context and the behaviour the country assumed towards its external relations within Europe and the anglophone countries in particular. The analysed corpus will not only provide insight into the patterns and irregularities which occurred between the source and the English target texts, the choices the translators made, but also allow us to question the number and type of existing omissions in the English text. The accessed archives also justify some of the reasons why the texts were published with specific characteristics, thus leading to findings which clarify the position of translation within the dictatorial regime.
- O debate ortográfico do século XVI em Love's Labour's Lost de William ShakespearePublication . Chumbo, IsabelNo Inglês de hoje verifica-se um desfasamento constante entre a grafia e a fonética a que os empréstimos linguísticos que ocorreram ao longo da sua História não são alheios. O debate sobre o desfasamento em causa e sobre as suas implicações não é de agora, tendo sido particularmente aceso entre estudiosos e académicos do século XVI.No âmbito deste temática é proposta uma reflexão histórica sobre a forma como essa discussão se desenvolveu, recorrendo para tal a Love's Labour's Lost de Shakespeare. Esta comédia representa os defensores da mudança para uma língua inglesa purista, mas também os que não conseguem sobreviver sem recorrer aos empréstimos lexicais que uma língua eloquente como o Latim propiciava, os chamados "inkhorn". Através das suas personagens, Shakespeare coloca-nos perante uma peça inteligente que exige uma audiência de igual carácter. Por entre críticas implícitas, explícitas e trocadilhos o autor acaba por cair na sua própria armadilha de "experimentador" da língua, usando e abusando ele próprio dos termos que crítica pelas personagens que constrói.
- Building a nation through translation: the contribution of Salazar’s speeches in EnglishPublication . Chumbo, IsabelNation-building is a complex process and can be accomplished in many ways. While the Portuguese 20th century dictatorship of Oliveira Salazar enforced the many traits that made this period what it is, it remains a fact that the regime concerned itself with external policies and with the image it created among other countries, especially within Europe. One of the forms of imposing this idea of a nation was naturally through propaganda or ‘soft power’. The aim of this presentation is to show how translated propaganda contributed to a specific image of Portugal abroad, mainly through the speeches of Salazar, during the period of 1930-1950. Over these two decades the regime commissioned a high amount of textual production in several European languages, this attitude of intense translation efforts being viewed as a clear propaganda tool in itself. The English language and the intention of creating a specific image of the country among the British politicians and policy-makers was the goal of this course of action. Throughout the work, this will be highlighted through the qualitative analysis of a corpus of 29 speeches by Salazar published in English, mainly in London through Faber & Faber, but also in Lisbon, through the National Propaganda Secretariat. These circulated in book form, but also as individual booklets published under the umbrella collection “Salazar says”. These translations were for British consumption only. The outcome of this analysis will not only shed light on how the regime wanted to be known to a British target audience but also provide information on how the translation process occurred and thus shaped the nation-building process during this time frame and context.
- As liberdades de um tradutor: o caso dos discursos de Salazar em inglêsPublication . Chumbo, IsabelO período do Estado Novo ficou marcado por diversas ações de soft power, designação atribuída à estratégia comunicacional e política sem intervenção de poderio militar, como a publicação de textos sobre o regime em línguas variadas. A intenção era causar um impacto positivo na imagem de Portugal junto de determinados países e culturas na tentativa de influenciar uma postura política benéfica. Foi neste sentido que se traduziram discursos proferidos pelo ditador António Oliveira Salazar e publicados sob a forma de livro e em brochuras avulso, ao longo de várias décadas. Este trabalho incide sobre a forma como o tradutor Robert Broughton processou os textos portugueses que acabaram publicados pela Faber and Faber numa monografia inglesa intitulada de Doctrine and Action (1939). O tradutor, que Venuti (1995) debate como sendo uma entidade invisível ao longo de séculos, foi, neste caso concreto, visível e notório. Para além de encurtar o texto de chegada face ao texto de partida através de omissões inexplicadas, o tradutor emprega uma série de estratégias de tradução que o tornam visível ao longo dos 23 discursos contidos na obra. O estudo qualitativo na base deste trabalho é o resultado de uma análise desenvolvida num corpus bilingue e paralelo de texto integral alinhado a nível de parágrafo, sendo a unidade de análise a frase ortográfica. O trabalho pretende dar a conhecer as liberdades tomadas pelo tradutor, num texto que o regime certamente encarava como autoritário e, como tal, intocável. Serão também perspetivadas algumas razões que poderão ter estado na origem desta forma de atuação por parte do tradutor numa época em que tal não era permitido a tradutores nacionais, como a investigação desenvolvida provará.
- Salazar’s propaganda in English: an insight into the role of translation in Atlantic alliancesPublication . Chumbo, IsabelThis paper will focus on the translation of Salazar’s speeches into English as a tool to disseminate a good image about Portugal. Translation commissioned from within the Estado Novo (1930-74) regime is an emerging topic in the 20th century translation history, since archives have only recently unveiled this aspect. Initially the work will analyse how the regime commissioned and controlled this kind of textual production in several languages, thus showing evidence of the role of translation in the production and circulation of a specific type of political thought. The speeches were chosen according to the target culture where they were to be published. Some light will be shed on the criteria behind these publications. Then, more attention will be paid to the translation of the dictator’s speeches into English, which were compiled in one volume under the title Doctrine and Action, published in 1939, by Faber&Faber in London. The translations took over a year to be published with several problems being risen throughout the process by the translator, the editor and even the author. Parallel texts found in archives will show the role of each of these agents in the process. A comparative analysis of the speeches is then carried out with the aim of understanding which changes occurred paying special attention to omissions. These silences in Salazar’s speeches in English are analysed through their omitted contents and categorized. These will be cross-examined with archival information which provide evidence of official intervention in certain aspects of the translation process, namely through letters written by the publisher T. S. Eliot, the representative at the Portuguese embassy in London and the Head of the Propaganda Office in Portugal. The main conclusion of this study is that several relevant translation strategies contribute to a difference between source and target texts, with a clear ideological intention towards a British target audience.
- Micro-Credentials in Higher Education: A New Path for GerontologyPublication . Galvão, Ana Maria; Chumbo, Isabel; Anes, EugéniaThe mission of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance and potential of microcredentials in advancing education and professional practice in Gerontology, emphasising the need for an adaptable, competency- oriented educational approach in this vital field. The following objectives are proposed: to reiterate the value of microcredentials as a strategic educational resource to meet the specific demands of Gerontology in higher education and to emphasise the need for a continued commitment to educational innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to prepare trained gerontologists to meet the challenges of the Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021- 2030.
- MOOCs: traspasando barreras tecnológicas?Publication . Torres, Ester; Gonçalves, Vitor; Gonçalves, Bruno F.; Chumbo, IsabelEste estudio recapacita sobre el conocimiento previo y experiencia en el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas integradas y necesarias de los estudiantes del curso “Mooc sobre Moocs y otras tecnologías educativas” Las dificultades surgidas durante el curso, cómo se resolvieron y cómo los estudiantes reflexionaron sobre las mismas proporcionan propuestas de ayuda a los alumnos que menor capacitación tecnológica sobre las que reflexionar.
- Projetos reais em contexto de sala de aula: a formação de tradutores para o mercado de trabalhoPublication . Chumbo, IsabelA formação de tradutores tem-se consubstanciado através de uma variedade de abordagens metodológicas, sendo a baseada na tarefa de traduzir um texto para a língua materna a mais comum. Diversos especialistas na formação de tradutores têm dado o seu contributo para as diferentes abordagens a seguir na área, oscilando entre as tarefas e o projeto. Este artigo pretende demonstrar que as tarefas são compatíveis com a abordagem baseada em projetos reais em contexto de sala de aula. Para tal baseia-se numa experiência desenvolvida ao longo dos últimos dois anos no mestrado de Tradução do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. A introdução de projetos reais no plano do curso tem reflexo no portefólio do tradutor aquando da entrada no mercado de trabalho. Conclui-se que os projetos permitem ultrapassar uma alegada lacuna existente entre a oferta da academia e a procura da chamada Indústria, permitindo aos alunos uma maior facilidade de adaptação no âmbito do estágio e do mercado laboral.