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- Migration strategy toward innovative, digitalized, and harmonized production systemsPublication . Cala, Ambra; Cachada, Ana; Pires, Flávia; Barbosa, José; Wermann, Jeffrey; Colombo, Armando W.Industry today is facing the fourth Industrial Revolution, also called Industry 4.0, pulled by the market demand of shorter delivery time and product life cycles, with increased product variety and smaller lot sizes, and pushed by innovative technologies, such as Cloud computing, big-data analysis, connected Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), Internet of Things, and related services, as well as autonomous robots and augmented reality. Industry 4.0 is an industrial paradigm that is proposing to transform the traditional factories into smart factories, which are more competitive, efficient, and productive. The goal is the rapid introduction of new tangible products and intangible products (services) into the market as soon as market and customer requirements change. In order to achieve this goal, the production process itself should be more agile and particularly correctly digitalized.
- Sensitivity Analysis of the SimQL Trustworthy Recommendation SystemPublication . Flávia Pires; Moreira, António Paulo G. M.; Paulo Leitão; Leitão, Paulo; Pires, FláviaThe manufacturing domain faces a challenge in making timely decisions due to the large amounts of data generated by digital technologies such as Internet-of-Things, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Twin, and Big Data. By integrating recommendation systems is possible to support the decision-makers in handling large amounts of data by delivering personalised, accurate, and quality recommendations. One example is the SimQL recommendation model that incorporates AI algorithms with trust and similarity measures to enhance recommendation quality. This paper aims to analyse the sensitivity of the SimQL model’s parameters, such as dataset conditions, trust and learning factors, and their impact on the final recommendation quality. A fuzzy logic approach is employed to evaluate the model and identify optimal operating conditions for the recommendation system. By implementing the findings of this study, manufacturers can improve the acceptance and adoption of the SimQL trustworthy recommendation system in this field.
- Reinforcement learning based trustworthy recommendation model for digital twin-driven decision-support in manufacturing systemsPublication . Pires, Flávia; Leitão, Paulo; Moreira, António Paulo G. M.; Ahmad, BilalDigital twin is one promising and key technology that emerged with Industry 4.0 to assist the decision-making process in multiple industries, enabling potential benefits such as reducing costs, and risk, improving efficiency, and supporting decision-making. Despite these, the decision-making approach of carrying out a what-if simulation study using digital twin models of each and every possible scenario independently is time-consuming and requires significant computational resources. The integration of recommendation systems within the digital twindriven decision-support framework can support the decision-making process by providing targeted scenario recommendations, reducing the decision-making time and imposing decision- making efficiency. However, recommendation systems have inherent challenges, such as cold-start, data sparsity, and prediction accuracy. The integration of trust and similarity measures with recommendation systems alleviates the challenges mentioned earlier, and the integration of machine learning techniques enables better recommendations through their ability to simulate human learning. Having this in mind, this paper proposes a trust-based recommendation approach using a reinforcement learning technique combined with similarity measures, which can be integrated within a digital twin-based what-if simulation decision-support system. This approach was experimentally validated by performing accurate recommendations in an industrial case study of a battery pack assembly line. The results show improvements in the proposed model regarding the accuracy of the prediction about the user rating of the recommended scenarios over the state-of-the-art recommendation approaches, particularly in coldstart and data sparsity scenarios.
- Ergonomia na cirurgia laparoscópia - estado da artePublication . Pires, Flávia; Queijo, Luis; Rocha, JoãoA laparoscopia é uma técnica que começou a ser utilizada em animais nos primeiros anos do século XX. Somente por volta dos anos 80 é que começou a ser utilizada em seres humanos. Este artigo foi desenvolvido para avaliar o estado da arte da ergonomia aplicada à cirurgia laparoscópica, no sentido de evoluir para o estudo de novos instrumentos aplicáveis nesta técnica. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa aos estudos que abordam a problemática da ergonomia na cirurgia laparoscópica. A partir da analise dos diferentes estudos foi possível concluir quais os fatores que afetam diretamente a saúde dos cirurgiões.
- Ergonomia na cirurgia laparoscópica: avaliação e análise de esforços produzidos pelos dedos das mãosPublication . Pires, Flávia; Queijo, Luís; Rocha, JoãoCom a integração da ergonomia na cirurgia laparoscópica espera-se que, os vários proble-mas ergonómicos associados a este tipo de cirurgia, sejam solucionados, ou então, amenizados, diminuindo as queixas por parte dos profissionais. Existem diversos problemas associados à ergonomia da cirurgia laparoscópica, tais como a postura adotada pelos cirurgiões, a posição da mesa operatória, a posição dos pedais e dos mo-nitores, a configuração dos manípulos dos instrumentos utilizados e o tamanho das mãos dos cirurgiões, subjacente a todos os fatores anteriormente descritos encontram-se problemas físi-cos. Muitos cirurgiões têm relatado diferentes problemas físicos, tais como, parestesia, sín-drome do túnel cárpico e tendinites, entre outros. Isto levou a ponderar o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de medição dos esforços das mãos dos cirurgiões, de forma a que fosse possível implementar medidas de melhoria da ergonomia dos instrumentos. Assim, o presente trabalho consistiu em medir e avaliar os esforços exercidos pelos dedos numa amostra de 56 indivíduos, em que 27 são do sexo feminino e 29 são do sexo masculino. Para tal foi construída uma plataforma de medição dos esforços dos dedos e outra para a medi-ção do seu comprimento. Após a aquisição dos dados estes foram processados e analisados, respetivamente, no software Excel e no software de tratamento estatístico IBM SPSS, no sen-tido de se conseguir afirmar qual o esforço realizado por cada dedo, com pertinência na cirurgia laparoscópica. No software IBM SPSS realizou-se o processamento dos dados através do cálculo do coe-ficiente de correlação do Rho de Spearman, que permite medir a intensidade da relação entre duas variáveis ordinais, e do teste de Mann-Whitney, este testa a igualdade das medianas das vi variáveis. Através do coeficiente de Rho de Spearman foi possível estabelecer a correlação entre o comprimento e a força aplicada por cada dedo. Já pelo teste de Mann-Whitney foi pos-sível estabelecer a relação entre o género e o comprimento dos dedos, e entre o género e a força aplicada por cada dedo. Partindo dos resultados obtidos espera-se que seja possível dar continuidade ao trabalho desenvolvido, através dos dados será possível construir um manípulo laparoscópico instrumen-tado para a medição de esforços. Sendo que estes iram ser medidos, não só em ambiente de simulação como em ambiente de bloco operatório. Na esperança de melhorar a ergonomia dos manípulos dos instrumentos laparoscópicos e consequentemente a ergonomia da cirurgia lapa-roscópica.
- Reimagining the teaching of dataPublication . Pires, Flávia; Barbosa, José; Leitão, PauloIn the near future, the level of digitalization of companies in the industrial sector, both in Portugal and in the world, will grow. The Industry 4.0, also called the fourth industrial revolution, focuses on the digitization of physical assets and their integration into the digital world, which in turn will produce a large amount of data. The implementation of this vision is already in motion, but it is strongly dependent on the skills that professionals have in the different dimensions of this multidisciplinary view. In the data dimension (Big Data), there is still a big gap in the labor market, in terms of professionals who know what to do with the data. This is one of the many professions that will be crucial to implementing the vision of Industry 4.0, being the analyst of large amounts of data, better known as Data Scientist. The Erasmus + DA.RE (Data Science Pathways to Re-imagine Education) project aims at the innovative development of a new mixed education program, acting as a catalyzer for the design and implementation of new educational programs at national, European and international level in the field of data science. The project aims to contribute to the reform of education, through the creation of a pilot course in the field of data science, overcoming the usual gap between higher education institutions and the business and industrial sectors. Taking into account several factors such as the demands of the labor market and the current academic situation will allow to create professionals in the area of data science.
- Análise biomecânica das mãos com base nos movimentos da cirurgia laparoscópicaPublication . Pires, Flávia; Queijo, Luis; Rocha, JoãoExistem diversos problemas associados à ergonomia da cirurgia laparoscópica, principalmente em relação ao esforço exercido pelas mãos dos cirurgiões na manipulação dos instrumentos laparoscópicos. Muitos cirurgiões têm relatado diferentes problemas físicos, tais como, parestesia, síndrome do túnel cárpico e tendinites, entre outros. Isto levou a ponderar o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de medição dos esforços das mãos dos cirurgiões, de forma a que fosse possível implementar medidas de melhoria da ergonomia dos instrumentos. Assim o presente trabalho consistiu em medir e avaliar os esforços exercidos pelos dedos de uma amostra de 56 indivíduos, em que 27 são do sexo feminino e 29 são do sexo masculino. Para tal foi construída uma plataforma de medição dos esforços dos dedos e outra para a medição do comprimento dos dedos. Após a aquisição dos dados estes foram processados e analisados, respetivamente, no software Excel e no IBM SPSS. A partir do IBM SPSS realizou-se o processamento dos dados através do cálculo do coeficiente de correlação do Rho de Spearman e do teste de Mann-Whitney. Através do coeficiente de Rho de Spearman foi possível estabelecer a correlação entre o comprimento e a força aplicada por cada dedo. Já pelo teste de Mann-Whitney foi possível estabelecer a relação entre o género e o comprimento dos dedos, e entre o género e a força aplicada por cada dedo. Partindo dos resultados obtidos espera-se que seja possível, com a continuidade do trabalho, melhorar a ergonomia dos manípulos dos instrumentos laparoscópicos e consequentemente a ergonomia da cirurgia laparoscópica.
- Quo vadis industry 4.0? Position, trends, and challengesPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Pires, Flávia; Karnouskos, Stamatis; Colombo, Armando W.Industry 4.0 vision and its mandated digital transformation are radically reshaping the way business is carried out and the way overall industrial processes and collaborations are operating. In this work, the objective is to analyze the current level of adoption of Industry 4.0, via the footprint available in industrial and academic research works. The analysis performed reveals insights on how Industry 4.0 has impacted and is still influencing research and innovation in industrial systems, services, and business approaches. It also reveals pertinent trends on key enabling features, technologies and challenges associated with this 4th industrial revolution, mainly focusing on the pathways for wider industrial adoption of Industry 4.0-compliant technologies and solutions.
- Exploring digital twin dynamics: an analysis of structure configurationsPublication . Melo, Victoria; Barbosa, José; Pires, Flávia; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloDigital twin (DT) is an important technology to support the realization of the digital transformation, connecting the physical asset to its virtual copy and fostering real-time monitoring, simulation, and decision-support. However, the benefits of DT depend on its intended purpose and application, which is impacted by the design structure configuration that is used for its implementation. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of considering different organizational structures for the implementation of DTs, namely centralised, hierarchical and decentralised, complemented with a case study that was used to analyse the implementation of DT focusing on centralised and decentralised approaches. Additionally, the paper includes an analysis of the main aspects of DT structures and their design guidelines, the key enabling technologies and the main challenges of distributing DTs.
- PERFoRM migration strategy towards cyber-physical systemsPublication . Cachada, Ana; Pires, Flávia; Barbosa, José; Leitão, PauloIn the last years, many organizations intend to convert their existing production systems towards ones that are characterized by adaptability, openness, flexibility and modularity. This requires a redesign of existing information processing systems especially related to control, leading possibly to the implementation of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). However, the implementation of new control technologies will have a direct impact on the normal operational status of production while engineers will also face several challenges and obstacles in adopting intelligent automation systems. New step-wise migration strategies are required to holistically support industries in their journey towards CPPS taking into account technical, economic and social aspects. This work describes the definition of a migration approach for innovative production systems, particularly those CPPS that are developed under the PERFoRM ecosystem, establishing guidelines for a smooth migration from a traditional system to agile plug-and-produce systems in a secure and efficient way. The designed migration approach comprises five phases, namely Preparation, Options Investigation, Design, Implementation and Deployment, sustained by three different migration strategies, namely One-Shot, Parallel and Phased. The modelling of the migration process uses the Petri nets formalism taking advantage of its inherent capabilities to synthesize the process specifications but also to verify, simulate and validate the correctness of the system specifications during the design phase.
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