Browsing by Author "Silva, Severiano"
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- Advances in Methods and Technologies for Carcass and Meat Quality EvaluationPublication . Silva, Severiano; Teixeira, AlfredoThe importance of advanced methods and technologies in the meat industry has increased significantly in the last decade, reflecting broader trends in consumer demand and food safety. In this way, integrating advanced methods and technologies in the meat industry is not only meeting current challenges, but also paving the way for a more sustain- able, efficient, and consumer-oriented future. As the industry evolves, these innovations will be critical in addressing global food security, health, and environmental issues sup- ported by objective and reliable data. Hence, this Special Issue brings advances in different meat animal species and topics related to meat quality. Thus, articles were published to assess the meat characteristics of the Portuguese Bísaro pig breed; to characterize flavor volatiles in parts of Chinese Lueyang black chicken; the quality characteristics of the meat from dual-purpose poultry; the impact of dietary energy and protein levels on the qual- ity and metabolomic profile of Yunshang black goats’ meat and the degradation of the intramuscular connective tissue with cathepsin L.
- Advances in sheep and goat meat products researchPublication . Teixeira, Alfredo; Silva, Severiano; Rodrigues, SandraThe main goal of this chapter was to review the state of the art in the recent advances in sheep and goat meat products research. Research and innovation have been playing an important role in sheep and goat meat production and meat processing as well as food safety. Special emphasis will be placed on the imaging and spectroscopic methods for predicting body composition, carcass and meat quality. The physicochemical and sensory quality as well as food safety will be referenced to the new sheep and goat meat products. Finally, the future trends in sheep and goat meat products research will be pointed out.
- Application of bioelectrical impedance analysis in prediction of light kid carcass and muscle chemical compositionPublication . Silva, Severiano; Afonso, João; Monteiro, António; Morais, Reis; Cabo, Ângelo D.; Batista, Ana Cristina Beviláqua; Guedes, Cristina M.; Teixeira, AlfredoCarcass data were collected from 24 kids (average live weight of 12.5±5.5 kg; range 4.5 to 22.4 kg) of Jarmelista Portuguese native breed, to evaluate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a technique for prediction of light kid carcass and muscle chemical composition. Resistance (Rs, Ω) and reactance (Xc, Ω), were measured in the cold carcasses with a single frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer and, together with impedance (Z, Ω), two electrical volume measurements (VolA and VolB, cm2/Ω), carcass cold weight (CCW), carcass compactness and several carcass linear measurements were fitted as independent variables to predict carcass composition by stepwise regression analysis. The amount of variation explained by VolA and VolB only reached a significant level (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) for muscle weight, moisture, protein and fat-free soft tissue content, even so with low accuracy, with VolA providing the best results (0.326⩽R 2⩽0.366). Quite differently, individual BIA parameters (Rs, Xc and Z) explained a very large amount of variation in dissectible carcass fat weight (0.814⩽R 2⩽0.862; P<0.01). These individual BIA parameters also explained a large amount of variation in subcutaneous and intermuscular fat weights (respectively 0.749⩽R 2⩽0.793 and 0.718⩽R 2⩽0.760; P<0.01), and in muscle chemical fat weight (0.663⩽R 2⩽0.684; P<0.01). Still significant but much lower was the variation in muscle, moisture, protein and fat-free soft tissue weights (0.344⩽R 2⩽0.393; P<0.01) explained by BIA parameters. Still, the best models for estimation of muscle, moisture, protein and fat-free soft tissue weights included Rs in addition to CCW, and accounted for 97.1% to 99.8% (P<0.01) of the variation observed, with CCW by itself accounting for 97.0% to 99.6% (P<0.01) of that variation. Resistance was the only independent variable selected for the best model predicting subcutaneous fat weight. It was also selected for the best models predicting carcass fat weight (combined with carcass length, CL; R 2=0.943; P<0.01) and intermuscular fat weight (combined with CCW; R 2=0.945; P<0.01). The best model predicting muscle chemical fat weight combined CCW and Z, explaining 85.6% (P<0.01) of the variation observed. These results indicate BIA as a useful tool for prediction of light kids' carcass composition.
- An approach to predict chemical composition of goat Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle by Near Infrared Reflectance spectroscopyPublication . Teixeira, Alfredo; Oliveira, António Filipe Gomes de Faria; Paulos, Kátia; Leite, Ana; Marcia, Anabela; Amorim, André; Pereira, Etelvina; Silva, Severiano; Rodrigues, SandraThe ability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the protein, moisture, connective tissue and ash content in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle of goat was studied. Samples (n=240) of the LTL muscle were taken from the 8th to 13th rib cut of goat carcasses. Samples were scanned in a FT-NIR Master™ N500 (BÜCHI) over a NIR spectral range of 4000-10,000cm < sup > -1 < /sup > with a resolution of 4cm < sup > -1 < /sup > . It was collected 3 spectra per sample and subsequently, chemical analyses were performed at the Carcass and Meat Quality Laboratory of ESA-IPB. Using NirCal 1.5 it was developed a PLS regression model assaying, first and second derivatives as math treatment and multiplicative scatter correction for minimizing scattering effect on the spectra database recorded (n=240). The best calibrations' models show relatively good predictability for protein (standard error of prediction SEP=0.43; coefficient of determination R < sup > 2 < /sup > =0.91), moisture (SEP=0.48; R < sup > 2 < /sup > =0.92). Calibrations' models obtained are important as a first attempt to predict the chemical composition of goat meat by NIRS. More experimental data are needed to improve the accuracy of these calibrations.
- Avaliação da qualidade sensorial de carne de borrego Terincho. Efeito do sexo e do peso da carcaçaPublication . Rodrigues, Sandra; Pereira, Etelvina; Silva, Severiano; Santos, V.; Azevedo, Jorge; Teixeira, AlfredoO objectivo principal deste trabalho e a caracterização sensorial de Borrego Terrincho, um produto com Denominação de Origem Protegida. Foram estudados os efeitos do sexo e do peso da carcaça. Foram avaliados as atributos sensoriais de dureza, suculência, intensidade e qualidade do flavour, intensidade do odor, fibrosidade, intensidade do sabor doce e aceitabilidade geral, em 28 fêmeas e 29 machos agrupados em Ires classes de peso de carcaça, entre 3 e 9 kg. A qualidade sensorial da carne foi avaliada por um painel de provadores treinado de 11 elementos, em cinco sessões. A carne foi previamente cozinhada num forno convencional ate que a temperatura interna atingisse as 70ge. De seguida a carne foi cortada em pedaços de 2x2xO,5 em e entregue aos membros do painel para avaliação segundo uma metodologia convencional. Os dados foram analisados recorrendo a uma Analise Procrusteana Generalizada, para minimizar as diferenças entre provadores. Os dois primeiros factores resultantes da análise explicaram 68,2% da variabilidade total. O efeito do sexo não foi detectado de forma evidente pelos provadores. No entanto, as mesmos conseguiram diferenciar as carnes de animais de pesos de carcaça distintos. Assim, os provadores avaliaram os animais mais pesados como mais duros e com odor e flavour mais intensos enquanto os animais mais leves foram considerados mais suculentos. Foram, também, as cordeiros com peso mais baixo aqueles que apresentaram maior aceitabilidade geral quando foi colocada essa questão aos provadores. Pode concluir-se, pela avaliação dos provadores que será mais adequado 0 abate dos cordeiros com pesos mais baixos pois serão melhor aceites pelos consumidores.
- Avaliação da qualidade sensorial de carne de borrego Terrincho. Efeito do sexo e do peso da carcaçaPublication . Rodrigues, Sandra; Pereira, Etelvina; Silva, Severiano; Santos, Virgínia; Azevedo, Jorge; Teixeira, AlfredoEste trabalho tem como objectivo avaliar o efeito do sexo e do peso da carcaça na caracterização sensorial da carne de um produto DOP, o Borrego Terrincho.
- Contribution to Characterizing the Meat Quality of Protected Designation of Origin Serrana and Preta de Montesinho Kids Using the Near-Infrared Reflectance MethodologyPublication . Vasconcelos, Lia; Dias, L.G.; Leite, Ana; Pereira, Etelvina; Silva, Severiano; Ferreira, Iasmin; Mateo, Javier; Rodrigues, Sandra; Teixeira, AlfredoThe aims of this study were to describe and compare the meat quality characteristics of male and female kids from the "Serrana" and "Preta de Montesinho" breeds certified as "Cabrito Transmontano" and reinforce the performance of near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectra in predicting these quality characteristics and discriminating among breeds. Samples of Longissimus thoracis (n = 32; sixteen per breed; eight males and eight females) were used. Breed significantly affected meat quality characteristics, with only color and fatty acid (FA) (C12:0) being influenced by sex. The meat of the "Serrana" breed proved to be more tender than that of the "Preta de Montesinho". However, the meat from the "Preta de Montesinho" breed showed higher intramuscular fat content and was lighter than that from the "Serrana" breed, which favors its quality of color and juiciness. The use of NIR with the linear support vector machine regression (SVMR) classification model demonstrated its capability to quantify meat quality characteristics such as pH, CIELab color, protein, moisture, ash, fat, texture, water-holding capacity, and lipid profile. Discriminant analysis was performed by dividing the sample spectra into calibration sets (75 percent) and prediction sets (25 percent) and applying the Kennard-Stone algorithm to the spectra. This resulted in 100% correct classifications with the training data and 96.7% accuracy with the test data. The test data showed acceptable estimation models with R2 > 0.99.
- Determinação do peso maduro de caprinos da raça Serrana ecótipo transmontano, através de modelos de crescimentoPublication . Monteiro, A.; Carvalho, Alvaro; Silva, Severiano; Azevedo, Jorge; Teixeira, AlfredoAs curvas de crescimento reflectem as inter-relações entre um impulso individual inato para crescer e atingir a maturação de todas as partes elo corpo e o ambiente no qual este impulso se expressa. Este ambiente é composto pelo nível individual de produtividade, a quantidade e qualidade de alimento ingerido e o esforço despendido para o localizar. consumir c digerir (Fitzhugh, 1976). As curvas de crescimento são modelos matemátios que lentam descrever as alterações do peso corporal por unidade de tempo ou em relação a idade. No primeiro caso. obtêm-se valores que podem ser facilmente utilizados para comparar os efeitos dos tratamentos ou descrever a taxa de crescimento dos animais. No último caso, a relação do peso com a idade determina as curvas ele crescimento que são usadas para descrever os padrões de crescimento dos animais ou tecidos (Trenkle. 1983).
- Effect of sex, degree of maturity and diet of kids from Serrana breed on carcass composition and muscle chemical composition.Publication . Monteiro, A.; Silva, Severiano; Lourenço, Ana Luísa; Azevedo, Jorge; Teixeira, Alfredo; Castilho, M.C.
- Estimativa da composição da carcaça de cabritos com recurso a medidas de volume do músculo Longissimus thoracis et lumborum in vivo por ultrasonografia em tempo real.Publication . Monteiro, A.; Teixeira, Alfredo; Azevedo, Jorge; Garcia, C.; Silva, SeverianoO objectivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a uso da ultrasonografia em tempo real (UTR) para obter medidas de volume do musculo longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) e a sua aplicação para estimar a composição da carcaça de caprinos. Foram usados 42 cabritos da raça Serrana (13,4 ± 5,2 kg de peso vivo). Obtiveram-se as imagens de UTR com um aparelho Aloka 500V e uma sonda de 5 MHz. Nas imagens de UTR foram determinadas medidas de área do musculo LTL da região dorso-Iombar, a partir das quais se calcularam medidas de volume desse musculo. A composição da carcaça em músculo, gordura subcutânea, intermuscular e OS50 foi obtida par dissecação. A relação entre as medidas de volume obtidas par UTR e composição da carcaça foi realizada analise de regressão. Verificou -se que as medidas de volume permitiram explicar (r'>0,50) a composição da carcaça, com a excepção da gordura subcutânea (r2 <0,14).
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