Browsing by Author "Rodrigues, Francisca"
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- Agaricus blazei Murril - a potential ingredient for nutraceutical outcomesPublication . Taofiq, Oludemi; Rodrigues, Francisca; Barros, Lillian; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; González-Paramás, Ana María; Barreiro, M.F.; Oliveira, Beatriz; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.The concept of bio-economy has emerged to overcome some sustainability challenges, and this involves conversion of agricultural residues and waste streams into high value-added products that can be utilized as ingredients for several bio-based industrial processes, delivering both economic growth, scientific interest and a better environment. The present work was carried out to re-utilize discarded Agaricus blazei Murill. Its nutritional composition was evaluated and ethanolic extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction to be further evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase and cytotoxic properties against different tumor cell lines (SRB assay). MTT and LDH assays were also used to determine cell viability and cell death respectively in Caco-2 and HT29 cells lines. Essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fat, were found; twenty fatty acids were detected, sugars (mannitol and trehalose), α-tocopherol and oxalic acid were also present. The extracts, up to 100 μg/mL, were able to maintain viability of Caco-2 and HT29 cells. The extracts also presented anti-tyrosinase activity (EC50 1.33±0.02 mg/mL) and with no toxicity in tumor cells. The results obtained suggested that the extracts obtained from Agaricus blazei Murill residues can be utilized as an inexpensive and sustainable source of nutraceutical and functional food ingredients.
- Agaricus blazei Murrill from Brazil: An ingredient for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applicationsPublication . Taofiq, Oludemi; Rodrigues, Francisca; Barros, Lillian; Peralta, Rosane M.; Barreiro, M.F.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Oliveira, BeatrizOperations for sorting mushrooms at the industrial level usually generate large amounts of bio-residues not conforming to strict morphological criteria for commercial purposes, even though their biological content is not compromised. In this context, the present work aimed at evaluating the potential for reutilizing industrially discarded Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM). Thus, the content of essential nutrients and the chemical composition were determined, and MTT and LDH assays were used to evaluate the viability and cell death of Caco-2 and HT29 cell lines of an ethanolic extract prepared from ABM (preliminary safety tests for nutraceutical applications). The extract was incorporated into a semi-solid base cosmetic cream and cell viability effects of the extract, and of the final cream formulation, on a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were studied (preliminary safety tests for cosmeceutical applications). Essential nutrients, such as proteins and carbohydrates, and a low fat content were determined for ABM. Twenty-two fatty acids were detected, with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (∼53%) being the most abundant fraction. The cell viabilities of Caco-2 and HT29 cells were maintained up to 100 μg mL−1. After incorporation into the base cream, a formulation with a pale yellow colour and favourable pH was obtained. The cell viability of HaCaT cells in the presence of the extract and the final cream formulation was maintained in a concentration dependent manner, which indicates the safety of this extract for cosmeceutical applications. The results suggest that ABM residues can be used as an inexpensive and sustainable source of nutraceutical and cosmeceutical ingredients.
- Desenvolvimento de formulações cosmecêuticas a partir de extratos obtidos de cogumelosPublication . Taofiq, Oludemi; Reis, Filipa S.; Rodrigues, Francisca; Barros, Lillian; Barreiro, M.F.; Oliveira, Beatriz; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Os cosmecêuticos podem ser definidos como uma combinação de um cosmético com um produto farmacêutico. Consistem em produtos aplicados topicamente sob a forma de creme, pomada ou loção, fornecendo os nutrientes necessários para uma pele saudável e contendo compostos biologicamente ativos que aportam benefícios semelhantes aos medicamentos.1,2 Hoje em dia há uma tendência para o consumo de produtos contendo ingredientes naturais e a área da cosmética não é exceção. Assim, a comunidade científica tem vindo a procurar novos ingredientes naturais que possam ser utilizados como matéria-prima para a elaboração de novas formulações e os cogumelos representam uma fonte inexplorada. Tendo por base esta nova tendência / exigência de mercado, o potencial cosmecêutico de algumas espécies de cogumelos (Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst e Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) foi avaliado em termos de propriedades anti-inflamatórias, anti-tirosinase, antioxidante e antimicrobiana. Seguiu-se a caracterização detalhada dos extratos bioativos em termos de ácidos fenólicos, triterpenos e composição em ergosterol. Os extratos obtidos foram incorporados em cosméticos básicos e a avaliação da sua segurança in vitro, bem como das formulações desenvolvidas, foi realizada através dos ensaios MTT e LDH em linhas celulares de queratinócitos (HaCaT) e fibroblastos (HFF-1). A biodisponibilidade tópica dos compostos no extrato foi avaliada utilizando um aparelho de difusão de Franz com pele de orelha de porco como membrana de permeabilidade. Os extratos testados apresentaram forte atividade antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e inibidora da tirosinase, além de apresentarem inibição microbiana contra alguns dos contaminantes mais frequentes que causam deterioração microbiana em cosméticos. Relativamente aos compostos bioativos identificados nos extratos, estes incluem o ácido ganodérico C2, ácido ganodérico D, ácido protocatéquico, ácido p-hidroxibenzóico e ácido siríngico. A segurança dos extratos utilizados foi confirmada pela ausência de toxicidade nas linhas celulares da pele. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo demonstram o potencial dos cogumelos como fonte de compostos bioativos, destacando estes recursos naturais como promissores ingredientes cosmecêuticos.
- Ganoderma lucidum as a promising ingredient for cosmeceutical application: safety assessment and in vitro skin permeation studiesPublication . Taofiq, Oludemi; Rodrigues, Francisca; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Barros, Lillian; González-Paramás, Ana María; Barreiro, M.F.; Oliveira, Beatriz; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.As the global cosmetic market continues to grow steaduily, there is a continuous demand for product diversification resulting m the emergence of products with different claims and functional properties [l]. Because of the rising consciousness and awareness among consumers about the origin, safety and environmental implications of some of the ingredients used in cosmetic formulations, there is an increasing demand for the use of green and more sustainable raw materials during product formulation. Mushrooms are globally consumed not only because of their nutritional properties but also for their medicinal potential and more recently their utilisation as cosmeceutical ingredients due to their richness in several bioactive compounds [l]. In the present study, the Ganoderma lucidum ethanolic extract was evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosmase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, and further characterized m terms of phenolic acids and triterpenoids using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The obtained extract was incorporated in a base cosmetic cream to ascertain bioactive properties sustainment. The extract and its corresponding formulation were further submitted to in vitro safety evaluation using MTT and LDH assays in Keratinocyte (HaCaT) and Fibroblast (HFF-1) cell lines and, also in vitro skin permeation studies using a Franz diffusion apparatus with pig ear skin as permeation membrane. Ganoderic acids C2 (38.7±0.2 mg/g), A (36.77±0.04 mg/g) and H (41. 1±0.4 mg/g) were the most abundant triterpenic acids in the extract, and protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic and syringic acids were the identified phenolic acids. Anti-inflammatory activity (EC^, 112±1 [^g/mL), anti-tyrosinase activity (EC^,2.81±0.01 mg/mL) and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (MICs up to 20 mg/mL) were observed for the extract. Cell viability of HaCaT and HFF-1 cell were maintained at 100 μg/mL extract exposure, but a -50% decrease was observed in the cell viability of both cell lines after exposure to the final formulation. The cumulative amounts of triterpenoids and phenolic acids that penetrated the stratum corneum and epidermis-dermis (i.e. target sites) after 8h detected by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn indicate lower mean concentration in the receptor chamber, while a reduction in bioactives concentration in the donor compartment showed that compounds might be retained m skin layers. The results showed promising cosmeceutical properties of the ethanolic extract obtained from G. lucidum.
- Mushroom ethanolic extracts as cosmeceuticals ingredients: Safety and ex vivo skin permeation studiesPublication . Taofiq, Oludemi; Rodrigues, Francisca; Barros, Lillian; Barreiro, M.F.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Oliveira, BeatrizMushrooms are important sources of natural bioactive compounds that are increasingly used as cosmeceutical ingredients. In this context, ethanolic extracts were prepared from Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus and tested by incorporation into base cosmetic creams. In vitro safety evaluation of the extracts and cosmetic formulations prepared therefore was carried out using the MTT and LDH assays in keratinocyte (HaCaT) and fibroblast (HFF-1) cell lines. Moreover, they were submitted to ex vivo skin permeation studies using a Franz diffusion apparatus with pig ear skin as permeation membrane. The results showed the absence of toxicity for keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a concentration dependent manner, which is indicative of the safety of these extracts for cosmeceutical ingredients purposes. Protocatechuic and syringic acids were the only compounds permeating from G. lucidum extract in the first 8 h of study, no penetration was observed for phenolic acids found in P. ostreatus extract and formulation. These results pointed out for the suitability of using mushroom extracts as skin care ingredients and may contribute for the valorisation of wastes generated by the mushroom processing industry, which can serve as raw-materials for the obtainment of the extracts.
- Pickering emulsions stabilized with chitosan/collagen peptides nanoparticles as green topical delivery vehicles for cannabidiol (CBD)Publication . Sharkawy, Asma; Silva, Ana Margarida; Rodrigues, Francisca; Barreiro, M.F.; Rodrigues, AlírioPickering emulsions (PEs) are attracting increasing attention in the areas of food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications owing to their surfactant-free and eco-friendly nature. Herein, PEs stabilized by chitosan/collagen peptides (CH/CP) nanoparticles were assessed as green surfactant-free vehicles for the topical delivery of cannabidiol (CBD), a highly lipophilic unstable drug that is finding an increasing appeal in the cosmetic market. The influence of the oil phase volume fraction (φ) and the oil type on the emulsion properties, stability, rheological properties, as well as on the ex-vivo skin absorption of CBD was evaluated. The PE prepared with olive oil (φ = 0.6) exhibited elastic gel-like properties and demonstrated long-term stability after 5 months of storage, with a CBD content of 99.45% of the initially added amount. The skin absorption studies showed that CBD was retained in high amounts in the stratum corneum, while the CBD skin permeation was extremely low, indicating that the produced formulations are suitable as topical delivery vehicles. ATR-FTIR examination of the treated skin samples confirmed that the produced PEs were able to overcome the stratum corneum barrier. These findings suggest that the PEs stabilized with CH/CP nanoparticles provide an effective surfactant-free alternative for the topical delivery of CBD.