Percorrer por autor "Lopes, Violeta R."
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- Ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides glucosilados em Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) CavPublication . Lopes, Catarina Leonor Afonso do Vale; Jiménez López, Cecília; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Rocha, Filomena; Lopes, Violeta R.; Barata, Ana Maria; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.As plantas contêm na sua composição vários compostos bioativos que exercem efeitos benéficos na saúde humana, nomeadamente na prevenção de doenças associadas com o stresse oxidativo. Os compostos fenólicos são exemplos desses bioativos e, em particular, os ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides que se encontram frequentemente ligados a açúcares, são amplamente reconhecidos por possuírem propriedades antioxidantes [1,2]. Neste trabalho foi analisada a composição fenólica de Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav.. Foram obtidas treze amostras provenientes de exemplares silvestres de populações naturais de diferentes regiões de Portugal, e conservadas ex-situ no Banco Português de Germoplasma (BPGV). Em 2015, os acessos conservados foram multiplicados nos terrenos do BPGV em Braga e as plantas resultantes cortadas no estado de floração. O perfil fenólico foi analisado por HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn após extrações etanol: água (80:20, v/v) e aquosas (por infusão). Foram identificados nove ácidos fenólicos, 4 dos quais se encontram glucosilados (hesóxidos de ácido cafeico, p-cumárico e rosmarínico), e quatro flavonoides todos eles ligados a açúcares (luteleonina-O-hexósido-O-glucurónido, luteleonina-Oglucurónido, luteleonina-O-metilglucurónido e eriodictiol-O-glucurónido). Destes últimos o mais abundante foi a luteolina-O-glucurónido com valores que oscilaram entre 12,15 ± 0,02 e 24,36 ± 0,04 mg/g para os extratos hidroetanólicos, e 42,12 ± 0,01 a 101,5 ± 0,1 mg/g para os extratos aquosos. O perfil fenólico foi similar em todas as amostras analisadas e nos diferentes extratos, sendo apenas diferente a concentração de cada um dos compostos. A amostra 8, proveniente de Bragança, revelou a maior concentração na maioria dos compostos identificados, quer nos extratos hidroetanólicos, quer nos aquosos. O presente estudo permitiu um conhecimento aprofundado do perfil fenólico de L. pedunculata, uma vez que foram estudadas amostras com diferentes proveniências. Os extratos aquosos foram sempre mais ricos nestes compostos que os hidroetanólicos, o que se revela uma vantagem já que a planta em estudo pode ser consumida na forma de infusão.
- Biological and phytochemical evaluation of methanolic extracts from ennyroyal and lavender species of the portuguese floraPublication . Serrano, Carmo; Barros, Lillian; Soares, Andreia; Pereira, Carla; Dias, Maria Inês; Alves, Maria José; Lopes, Violeta R.; Barata, Ana Maria; Farinha, NoémiaMedicinal and aromatic plants represent a healthier alternative to synthetic phenolic compounds, with a positive impact on therapeutic, aromatic and dietetic or gastronomic purposes. The in vitro biological activities of the phenolic compounds are an important parameter to select the most promising extracts for use in industrial applications. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties of 17 pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) and 18 lavender (Lavandula pedunculata L.) accessions from the Portuguese flora, conserved in the Portuguese Genebank (BPGV), in order to select the accessions with the highest yield and high content of active ingredients for use in the different industrial sectors.
- Conservation and sustainable uses of medicinal and aromatic plants genetic resources on the worldwide for human welfarePublication . Barata, Ana Maria; Rocha, Filomena; Lopes, Violeta R.; Carvalho, Ana MariaPlants have been used since ancient times to heal and cure diseases and to improve the health and the wellbeing of the populations. Medicinal and aromatic plants still form the basis of traditional or indigenous health systems of the populations in most of the developing countries, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO).As a result of the expanding interest in medicinal and aromatic plants, new income generating opportunities are opening up for rural populations. With many of the MAPs gathered from the wild, the recollection and sale of MAPs is providing a complementary source of income for many poor rural households.Currently, we are facing an incomparably growing pressure on plant populations in the wild due to the increasing commercial recollection, largely unmonitored trade, and habitat loss. Profound knowledge of the features of the (international) trade in botanicals (size, structure, streams, commodities, traded quantities and their origin) is (1) essential for assessing the trade's impact on the plant populations concerned; and (2) required for conservation concepts and measures which have to meet future supply and the provisions of species conservation.
- Diversity assessment in the Portuguese genebank collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions: Insights for breeding and sustainable conservationPublication . Pinela, José; Montoya, César; Martins, Valter; Nunes, M. Eugénia; Rocha, Filomena; Lopes, Violeta R.; Barata, Ana Maria; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianTomato germplasm is source of variability used by plant breeders to develop improved cultivars and part of the natural heritage to be preserved. In this study, the diversity among twenty Portuguese tomato accessions was evaluated, considering morphological and agronomic descriptors, molecular data, and compositional aspects. The tomato accessions captured 77.5% of the total 19 alleles detected. Important information on the selection of SSR loci in diversity analysis for the tomato genotypes was provided. The studied genotypes were rich in car-bohydrates and source of ascorbic acid. Citric acid and palmitic, linoleic, oleic, stearic, and alpha-linolenic acids were the major organic and fatty acids, respectively. The four tocopherol isoforms were detected and alpha-tocopherol was the most abundant. When correlating molecular and compositional data, it seemed that the greater the het-erozygosity, the greater the compositional variance. However, despite the genetic distance that characterized these accessions, some were chemically similar. Overall, the genetic differentiation among genotypes provided useful information for parental selection in breeding and other genetic studies.
- Gathering tradition, sowing the future! Some examples linking formal and informal seed systems from the North of PortugalPublication . Barata, Ana Maria; Rocha, Filomena; Lopes, Violeta R.; Miranda, Jorge; Ramos, Margarida Telo; Carvalho, Ana MariaBased on different experiences and informal networks, we describe and explore the relationships between formal and informal seed systems in the North of Portugal, and discuss how such an interaction may be of interest to create new farmers opportunities, to improve conservation strategies and to promote local knowledge and cultural diversity. The Portuguese Gene Bank (BPGV), located in Braga (North-western Portugal), conserves 42203 accessions of traditional varieties in ex-situ conditions, that are the result of multiple activities undertaken all over the country with farmers' participation and commitment. BPGV together with the association “ARDAL” promoted on farm conservation of some crops, like maize, rye and beans, and two of these produces are in the Arch of Taste of SLOW FOOD Foundation. “Joaquim Dantas”, a farmer from the Portuguese north-western mountains, is an example of farmers' fundamental role in conserving and use agricultural biodiversity. He partnered in a project led by the BPGV to promote on-farm conservation and use of crop diversity. Then he reintroduced maize landraces into cultivation and led different initiatives to bake particular maize bread highly demanded. “Colher para semear” is another association seeking to establish a Portuguese network of landraces. They are community seed savers and their project focus on gathering seeds and registering knowledge and practices aiming to reintroduce them into cultivation while sharing resources, promoting biodiversity and ecological production, cultural heritage, generational transmission and food supplies. The research project “Cultibos, Yerbas i saberes” carried out in Miranda do Douro, North-eastern Portugal, reports and documents local knowledge on traditional crops, homegardens and wild gathering. Using ethnobotanical methodologies, several former crops, whose seeds are still kept by some old farmers, were identified. The project promotes seed exchange and cultivation, providing valuable insights into old crops and more seeds to share between neighbours.
- Influência da origem geográfica no perfil fenólico de Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav.Publication . Lopes, Catarina Leonor Afonso do Vale; Pereira, Eliana; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Barata, Ana Maria; Lopes, Violeta R.; Rocha, Filomena; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Ao longo da história da humanidade, aproximadamente 7000 espécies de plantas têm sido utilizadas como alimento e também como um recurso essencial para o nosso bem-estar [1]. As espécies do género Lavandula são muito utilizadas, não só na medicina popular, como também na indústria alimentar, no fabrico de bebidas aromatizadas, gelados, doces e pastelaria. São também matéria-prima nas indústrias de perfumaria e farmacêutica, fazendo parte da formulação de sabonetes, perfumes, colónias, loções e outros cosméticos (Kim & Lee, 2002). Assim, neste trabalho pretendeu-se analisar o perfil fenólico de extratos aquosos (obtidos por infusão) e hidroetanólicos (etanol:água 80:20, v/v) de diferentes amostras de Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav., cultivadas no Banco Português de Germoplasma (BPGV) a partir de sementes recolhidas em exemplares silvestres de populações provenientes de diferentes regiões de Portugal, e conservadas ex-situ no BPGV. O objetivo final era estabelecer uma eventual relação entre a composição fenólica e a proveniência das diferentes populações/amostras. A análise do perfil fenólico individual de cada amostra foi efetuada por HPLCDAD- ESI/MS. Todas as amostras apresentaram um perfil idêntico, revelando a presença de treze compostos fenólicos diferentes, destacando-se o ácido salvianólico B como o composto maioritário. A amostra proveniente de Ponte de Sôr (Portalegre), salientou-se das restantes por apresentar maior concentração de ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides e compostos fenólicos totais para ambos os extratos estudados. Comparando os diferentes tipos de extrato, em geral, os extratos aquosos apresentaram maior concentração em compostos fenólicos. Estes resultados evidenciam não só o perfil fenólico desta espécie, como também, a existência de variações entre amostras com diferentes origens geográficas, dando relevância aos fatores bióticos e abióticos na composição química das espécies.
- Phenolic composition and bioactivity of Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. samples fromdifferent geographical originPublication . Lopes, Catarina Leonor Afonso do Vale; Pereira, Eliana; Soković, Marina; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Barata, Ana Maria; Lopes, Violeta R.; Rocha, Filomena; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.The aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic composition and evaluate the bioactivity of several samples of Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav, and to compare aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts. Plant materials were obtained by growing some accessions (seed samples) of various wild populations from different regions of Portugal conserved at the Portuguese Genebank in Braga. Phenolic compounds were analised by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, antioxidant potential through in vitro assays (DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation), cytotoxicity on tumor cells (MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa and HepG2) and non-tumor (PLP2) cells, anti-inflammatory activity in rat RAW 264.7 macrophages, by the ability to inhibit NO production and antimicrobial potential by the microdilution method with INT dye (iodonitrotetrazolium chloride). Thirteen compounds were identified, being salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, the main compounds present, with values ranging between 44.3⁻582, 50.9⁻550, and 24.36⁻101.5 mg/g extract, respectively. L. pedunculata aqueous extract revealed a higher antioxidant potential (EC50 values between 14 to 530 μg/mL), which could be related to its higher concentration in phenolic compounds; however, the hydroethanolic extract showed a higher anti-inflammatory (lower EC50 values than 124 μg/mL) potential and antiproliferative capacity (lower GI50 values than 34 μg/mL). Thus, this study highlights the bioactive effects of this species and opens up possibilities of uses in food and pharmaceutical formulations. However, there are potential differences in such properties according to geographical origin of plant material, as in general, the samples from Alentejo presented higher results in all the bioactivities, compared with Trás-os-Montes samples.
- The genus Brassica. A shared cultural heritage in the Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Silva, Isabel G.; Lopes, Violeta R.; Rocha, Filomena; Barata, Ana Maria; Carvalho, Ana MariaTaxonomic boundaries of the genus Brassica are not clearly defined. Native in the wild in Western Europe, some authors (Gomez-Campo 2003) consider that this genus comprises about 35 species distributed especially in the Mediterranean, with a maximum of diversity in the SW part of this region. Moreover, several of such species are of great economic importance for human uses (vegetables, spices, oils, seeds) and for animal husbandry as fodder. Nowadays, Portugal is considered a secondary centre of biodiversity of three species (Brassica oleracea, B. napus, B. rapa), which were long ago introduced and domesticated in the Iberian Peninsula where they are well adapted to different cultivation conditions and uses. The Portuguese Gene Bank (BPGV) has built the only national collection of Brassica traditional varieties. The ex situ conservation collection is enriched in a dynamic way and 935 accessions are preserved (542 B. oleracea, 102 B. napus, 291 B. rapa) as the result of 155 collecting missions carried out in the Portuguese territory.
- Tools to support trainers, learners and professionals for a good practice of plant wild harvestingPublication . Barata, Ana Maria; Rocha, Filomena; Lopes, Violeta R.; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Morgado, Joaquim; Alves, Luís; Miranda, JorgePLANT WILD: Forest Plants Wild Harvesting Learning in Europe, a Grundtvig Learning Partnership Association, with the aim of promoting employment opportunities in rural and mountainous areas and sustainable wild harvesting techniques, generating best training practices to obtain environmental and economical sustainability and determining tools to support rural populations, trainers, learners and professionals. The objective of the project was the establishment of a framework between 4 partners from Lithuania, Portugal, Spain and Turkey, for designing, planning and developing the necessary tools applicable to VET Institutions (Vocational Education and Training) and SME as well as to adults of marginal rural and mountainous areas in relation with Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP)’ wild harvesting
- Tools to support trainers, learners and professionals for a good practice of plant wild harvestingPublication . Barata, Ana Maria; Rocha, Filomena; Lopes, Violeta R.; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Morgado, Joaquim; Alves, Luís; Miranda, JorgePLANT WILD: Forest Plants Wild Harvesting Learning in Europe is a Grundtvig Learning Partnership Association, with the aim of promoting employment opportunities in rural and mountainous areas and sustainable wild harvesting techniques, generating best training practices to obtain environmental and economical sustainability and determining tools to support rural populations, trainers, learners and professionals. The objective of the project was the establishment of a framework between 4 partners from Lithuania, Portugal, Spain and Turkey, for designing, planning and developing the necessary tools applicable to VET Institutions (Vocational Education and Training) and SME as well as to adults of marginal rural and mountainous areas in relation with Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP)’ wild harvesting