Browsing by Author "Cavaleiro, Victor"
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- Analysis of reclaimed water application for irrigation using multi-criteria analysisPublication . Albuquerque, António; Marecos do Monte, Helena; Silva, Flora; Cavaleiro, Victor; Carvalho, AntónioApproximately 60% of the population of the Cova da Beira region (Portugal) lives in rural communities with less than 2,000 inhabitants and the wastewater treatment systems in the region are mainly septic tanks, constructed wetlands and trickling filters. The daily reclaimed water discharged into streams could be mainly reused for landscape irrigation of public parks and lawns and golf courses, which often means offsetting potable water for nonpotable purposes. However, those applications may require a polishing treatment to remove mainly pathogens, and trace elements. A one-year monitoring campaign was carried out in a biological aerated filter (BAF) that treats the sewage of 4,000 inhabitants. The research included the measurement of the effluent flow-rate and its characteristics in terms of pH, temperature, conductivity, BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, TP, Na, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, B, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), E. Coli and faecal streptococcus (FS). Results show that the effluent concentrations of BOD5, COD, TN, TP, K, Ca and phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl) are compatible with the international guidelines for irrigation reuse (crop cultures and golf courses). Values of conductivity are not a risk to soil salinity, but TC, FC, E. Coli and FS values are not compatible with the reuse guidelines and, therefore, a final disinfection must be implemented to decrease the pathogenic content. The low nitrate concentrations (<5 mg/L) are suitable for irrigation and constitute a very low risk for groundwater contamination. GIS-based multi-criteria analysis was performed combining land use maps, reclaimed water characteristics and economic, environmental and technical criteria. The results showed that approximately 180,000 m3 of treated wastewater annually discharged in the local stream could be reused for irrigation of all crops classified as class A or 31% of the cultures classified as class C (according to the Portuguese Standard 4434), located at a distance of about 1.8 km from the BAF. The use of reclaimed wastewater in rural areas of the Cova da Beira region brings other advantages such as the reduction of the residual pollution load discharged in water streams and the reduction of water abstraction volumes for irrigation, which are important environmental and economics benefits, especially in periods of water shortage.
- Analysis of reclaimed water application for irrigation using multi-criteria analysisPublication . Albuquerque, António; Marecos do Monte, Helena; Silva, Flora; Cavaleiro, Victor; Carvalho, AntónioApproximately 60% of the population of the Cova da Beira region (Portugal) lives in rural communities with less than 2,000 inhabitants and the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in the region are mainly septic tanks, constructed wetlands and trickling filters. The daily reclaimed water discharged into streams could be mainly reused for landscape irrigation of public parks and lawns and golf courses, which often means offsetting potable water for nonpotable purposes. However, those applications may require a polishing treatment to remove mainly pathogens, and trace elements. A one-year monitoring campaign was carried out in a biological aerated filter that treats the sewage of 4,000 inhabitants. The research included the measurement of the flow-rate and its characteristics in terms of pH, temperature, conductivity, BOD5, COD, TSS, TN, NH4, NO2, NO3, TP, Na, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, B, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), E. Coli and helminths eggs (HE). Results show that the effluent concentrations of BOD5, COD, TN, TP, K, Ca and phytotoxic elements (Na, B and Cl) are compatible with the international guidelines for irrigation reuse (crop irrigation). Values of conductivity are not a risk to soil salinity, but TC, FC and E. Coli values are not compatible with the reuse guidelines and, therefore, a final disinfection must be implemented to decrease the pathogenic content. The low nitrate concentrations (<5 mg L-1) are suitable for irrigation and constitute a very low risk for groundwater contamination. GIS-based multi-criteria analysis was performed combining reclaimed water characteristics, the type and needs of the dominant crop production and environmental, technical and economic criteria. The results showed that approximately 170,000 m3 of reclaimed water annually discharged in the local stream could be reused for irrigation of 30.53 ha fruits trees, corn, olive trees and vine, located at a distance of about 1.8 km from the WWTP. The use of reclaimed wastewater in rural areas brings other advantages such as the reduction of the residual pollution load discharged in water streams and the reduction of water abstraction volumes for irrigation, which are important environmental and economics benefits, especially in periods of water shortage.
- Analysis of the chemical properties of almond and walnut shells for use in earthworksPublication . Nouioua, T.; Marchiori, L.; Albuquerque, António; Silva, Flora; Pais, Luís Andrade; Cavaleiro, VictorAlmond (AS) and walnut shells (WS) have attracted the interest of scientific community due to the possibility of developing innovative eco-friendly materials. This work aims to analyze the chemical characteristics of AS, WS, a residual granitic soil (RGS) and two mix-tures of waste:soil (10:90% and 40:60%) for evaluating their compatibility for earthworks application. Results show that both wastes could be incorporated into RGS for improving its properties and additionally can remove some water pollutants due to the presence of K2O, CaO and SiO2. This application could reduce the need to use soil natural resources, incineration of both wastes or their deposition in sanitary landfills and can promote their valorization and even create value-added products in the scope of the circular economy. However, additional studies are needed for a better understanding of their potential for using in earthworks, namely leaching, solubilization and adsorption experiments.
- Aplicação de SIG na localização de áreas para infiltração de águas residuais tratadas na sub-região das Beiras e Serra da EstrelaPublication . Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Cavaleiro, VictorA escassez de água para consumo humano é considerada um problema que tem vindo a aumentar em todo o Mundo. A recarga artificial de aquíferos com águas residuais tratadas, pode contribuir para a reposição de volumes de água no solo, o que pode ser muito vantajoso em áreas com deficit hídrico ou com sobre-exploração de águas subterrâneas. O objetivo principal deste estudo centra-se na identificação de potenciais locais, na sub-região das Beiras e Serra da Estrela, para a infiltração de águas residuais tratadas provenientes da ETAR de Vila Fernando, um aglomerado urbano do distrito da Guarda, utilizando uma análise multicritério baseada em SIG.
- Caracterização físico-química de cascas de amêndoas e nozes para valorização em obras de terraPublication . Marchiori, Leonardo; Nouioua, Thamer; Morais, Maria Vitoria; Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Pais, Luís Andrade; Cavaleiro, VictorOs resíduos agroindustriais têm sido investigados para aplicações de engenharia devido à sua elevada produção e ausência de valorização adequada face aos requisitos legais e de políticas e metas de sustentabilidade. O estudo das caraterísticas das cascas de amêndoas (CA) e nozes (CN) têm suscitado interesse na comunidade científica para desenvolver materiais alternativos e inovadores, com design sustentável, em várias aplicações. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar e analisar as propriedades físico-químicas de CA, CN e de um solo residual, bem como de duas misturas de cada resíduo com o solo, com 10% e 40% de cascas, para eventual aplicação em obras de terra. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os resíduos poderiam ser incorporados no solo para torná-los mais granulares e reduzir a densidade específica, além de terem potencial para remover alguns poluentes da água devido à presença de aluminosilicatos com K2O, CaO e SiO2. Esta aplicabilidade poderia reduzir a utilização de solos naturais em obras de terra, a incineração de ambas as cascas e sua deposição em aterros sanitários, podendo promover a sua valorização e criar produtos baseados em resíduos no âmbito da economia circular. No entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para uma melhor compreensão do seu potencial para utilização em obras de terra, nomeadamente ensaios de lixiviação, degradação e adsorção.
- Characterization of residual soil used for infiltration of reclaimed waterPublication . Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Silva, Abílio; Cavaleiro, VictorThe effects of climate change and the growing demand for water for domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational activities have been led the use of treated wastewater (reclaimed water) for such applications. The artificial recharge of aquifers with treated wastewater can be an alternative way for restoring underground water volumes that can be used for satisfying some activities, particularly in water shortage areas or where their quality is not suitable for use. After a two-year monitoring period in the Vila Fernando WWTP (Guarda, Portugal), the characteristics of the treated effluent suggest that it could be used for infiltration for aquifer recharge. A multi-criteria analysis based on GIS was developed for site location of infiltration sites. The procedure has involved the combination of six thematic maps and environmental, technical and economic criteria, over an area of 6687.1 ha. About 6.4 ha were selected for suitable sites for infiltration and one of these sites (Quinta de Gonçalo Martins, Guarda) was selected for collecting soil samples. The characterization of the soil indicates that is favorable to the infiltration of treated wastewater for artificial recharge of aquifers.
- Contribuição para o conhecimento dos recursos hídricos no concelho do SabugalPublication . Cavaleiro, Victor; Carvalho, António; Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, AntónioO abastecimento de água ao concelho do Sabugal, desde a sua origem até ao presente, é um tema que desperta o interesse, devido à sua complexidade e à existência de um vastíssimo património hidráulico. No passado, o abastecimento de água incluía a sua captação em nascentes e poços, posteriormente conduzidas em cascata para fontes, chafarizes, tanques, entre outros. Para além dessas captações, também o rio Côa e as ribeiras eram usadas para satisfazer necessidades domésticas, agrícolas e industriais. Com a construção da Barragem do Sabugal, inaugurada nos anos 2000, as freguesias do concelho têm vindo a substituir o abastecimento a partir de furos e nascentes pelo das águas da albufeira. Com o presente trabalho pretende-se fazer uma avaliação da pertinência dessa substituição e as implicações para o abastecimento público.
- Estado da qualidade da água de origem subterrânea no concelho de Alcochete com utilização de ferramentas SIGPublication . Cavaleiro, Victor; Casinhas, Cláudio; Albuquerque, António; Carvalho, António; Silva, Flora; Sanderson, A.M. LeitãoA maior parte da água necessária para atividades domésticas, agrícolas, lúdicas e industriais no concelho de Alcochete (Portugal) provêm de origens subterrâneas. Contudo, subsistem dúvidas sobre o estado da sua qualidade e a sua apetência para as utilizações atuais. O estudo da hidrogeoquímica permite estabelecer relações entre o meio aquoso e o meio geológico, refletindo a influência da litologia local e dos solos na qualidade da água. Permite, ainda, determinar sentidos de escoamento, áreas de recarga e descarga e conhecer unidades aquíferas, bem como identificar focos de poluição e estabelecer medidas para a utilização sustentável da água. Foram recolhidas amostras em 67 captações utilizadas como origens de água para várias utilizações. Dada a quantidade e complexa informação que foi necessário recolher, manusear e interpretar, a utilização de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) foi de grande utilidade para georreferenciar dados, criar bases de dados relacionais e gerar cartas de aptidão para a utilização das águas subterrâneas. As águas captadas em poço, essencialmente do tipo cloretadas cálcicas, na generalidade, não apresentam qualidade mínima para serem captadas para produção de água para consumo humano, enquanto que 70,7% das origens de águas oriundas de furos, essencialmente cloretadas sódicas, apresentam qualidade mínima para aquela utilização. Ambos os tipos de água apresentam qualidade para utilização na rega agrícola, mas poucas amostras cumprem os valores recomendados para esta utilização. Assim, é urgente a implementação de uma estratégia de gestão dos recursos hídricos no concelho, afim de melhor proteger estas origens de água.
- Evaluation of the groundwater quality in the Alcochete area using GISPublication . Cavaleiro, Victor; Casinhas, Cláudio; Albuquerque, António; Carvalho, António; Silva, FloraMost of the water needed for domestic, agricultural, recreational and industrial activities in the municipality of Alcochete (Portugal) comes from groundwater sources. However, doubts remain on the state of their quality and suitability for current uses. The study of the hydrogeochemistry allows establishing relations between the aqueous and geological environment, reflecting the influence of local geology and soil water quality. Given the amount and complex information that was necessary to collect, calculate, analyze and interpret the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was of great use to georeference data, create relational data bases and generate maps of suitability for use of groundwater [1].
- Evaluation of the groundwater quality in the Alcochete area using GISPublication . Cavaleiro, Victor; Casinhas, Cláudio; Albuquerque, António; Carvalho, António; Silva, FloraMost of the water needed for domestic, agricultural, recreational and industrial activities in the Alcochete municipality (Portugal) comes from groundwater sources. However, doubts remain on the state of its quality and attractiveness for the current uses. A monitoring campaign was set in 67 groundwater sources (26 wells and 41 boreholes) for the period of 4 months to evaluate the water quality status. In order to better analyse the large and complex available information it was necessary to setup a Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which allowed georeferencing data, creating relational databases and generating thematic and suitability maps for the use of groundwater. The results show that most of the water wells are chlorinated calcic type and have no minimum quality to be used for production of drinking water, but may be used for agricultural irrigation. Most o the water boreholes are chlorinated sodium type, and approximately 70.7% presents the minimum quality to be used for production of drinking water and all of the sources can be used for agricultural irrigation. Nitrate is the most important contaminant, but chlorides and iron are also of concern. The results of this study will allow establishing relationship between water, geological environment and anthropogenic fluxes, which have been influencing changes in water quality, as well as determining flow directions, recharge and discharge areas. This information, which was aggregated in a database using GIS is very useful for the further establishment of sustainable water management measures.
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