Percorrer por autor "Branquinho, Luís"
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- Acute Effects of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Responses to Flywheel Resistance Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover TrialPublication . Primo, Mateus Chaves; Viana, Ítalo Santiago Alves; Goulart-Silva, Leonardo Silveira; Machado, Wanderson Matheus Lopes; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Monteiro, António M.; Branquinho, Luís; Silva, Sandro Fernandes; Oliveira, Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de; Moreira, Osvaldo CostaBeetroot juice is a popular nutritional resource in sports due to its ergogenic effects, promoting vasodilation, hypotension, improved energy efficiency, and reduced oxygen cost. However, its role in modulating the autonomic nervous system during strength training remains understudied. This study assessed the effects of acute nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses to flywheel resistance exercise. Fifteen male participants (age 22 +/- 3.64 years) from the Federal University of Vi & ccedil;osa completed a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Each participant consumed either 400 mg of standardized nitrate or a placebo before performing 4 sets of 8-12 repetitions at 100% of their maximum concentric strength using a leg extension exercise, with 90 s recovery intervals. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and subjective perception of effort were measured after each set. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23, employing the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, t-test for related samples, and MANOVA with time and supplement factors. NO3- supplementation led to a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise compared to the placebo and reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the last set, reflecting decreased peripheral vascular resistance. However, no significant effects were observed for heart rate, rate-pressure product, oxygen saturation, time under tension, or subjective perception of effort. These findings suggest that NO3- supplementation can offer cardiovascular benefits by attenuating blood pressure increases during strength training, highlighting its potential as a low-risk ergogenic aid for healthy young men.
- Advancing sports science and physical education research through a shared understanding of the term motor performance skills: a scoping review with content analysisPublication . Sortwell, Andrew; Behringer, Michael; Granacher, Urs; Trimble, Kevin; Forte, Pedro; Neiva, Henrique P.; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Konukman, Ferman; Tufekcioglu, Ertan; Filiz, Bijen; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Sadeghi, Hassan; Arroyo-Toledo, JaimeBackground: The inappropriate usage of terms and concepts and/or unclear definitions provided in the scientific literature hinder progress in any scientific field. This risk is especially noticeable in applied fields of research such as sports science and physical education. Objective: This study explored existing literature that uses the term 'motor performance skills' and aimed to propose a comprehensive definition to be applied in future research. Method: Following an adapted scoping approach grounded in the rapid review model, we searched electronic databases Pub-Med/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 2022. The primary demographic focus was sports science and physical education disciplines. After screening of titles and abstracts, 184 papers were identified for a full review. Twenty-two papers met the inclusion criteria from the full review and received qualitative content analysis. The qualitative content analysis focused on the elaborated qualities of the term 'motor performance skill'. Coding was used to identify and extract content, identify patterns, and observe the depth of interpretation of the term. Results: Only six papers used descriptive language, and three used explanatory language to convey aspects of the term's meaning. All included papers extrapolated or provided examples to demonstrate the term's meaning. Based on a collaborative process, the study reached a proposed definition that has the potential to be coined for the term 'motor performance skills' and used in future research. Conclusion: Thus, the current analysis revealed the need to collaboratively address the conceptual ambiguity and develop a comprehensive definition of 'motor performance skills' © 2022 Australian International Academic Centre. All rights reserved.
- The Aging Curve: How Age Affects Physical Performance in Elite FootballPublication . Branquinho, Luís; França, Elias; Titton, Adriano; Barros, Luís Fernando Leite; Campos, Pedro; Marques, Felipe O.; Glória, Igor Phillip dos Santos; Caperuto, Erico Chagas; Hirota, Vinicius Barroso; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Forte, Pedro; Monteiro, António M.; Ferraz, Ricardo; Thomatieli-Santos, Ronaldo VagnerBackground: In elite football, understanding how age impacts players’ physical performance is essential for optimizing training, career longevity, and team management. Objectives: This study aimed to compare variations in physical capabilities of professional football players by chronological age and identify peak performance ages. Methods: Data from 5203 match performances across 351 official games were analyzed, involving 98 male players aged 18–39 years. Physical capacities (speed, explosive actions, and endurance) were assessed using the Catapult VECTOR7 system. Results: showed that players over 32 years experienced declines in high-intensity and explosive actions, while endurance remained relatively stable with age. Peak performance occurred around 25.7 years for speed, 24.8 years for endurance, and 26 years for explosiveness. Conclusions: Overall, players aged 17–26 years demonstrated the highest physical performance, with notable declines observed in older age groups.
- Analyzing Key Factors on Training Days within a Standard Microcycle for Young Sub-Elite Football Players: A Principal Component ApproachPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Morgans, Ryland; Encarnação, Samuel; Ribeiro, Joana; Afonso, Pedro; Ruzmetov, Nemat; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Monteiro, A.M.; Forte, PedroUtilizing techniques for reducing multivariate data is essential for comprehensively understanding the variations and relationships within both biomechanical and physiological datasets in the context of youth football training. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the primary factors influencing training sessions within a standard microcycle among young sub-elite football players. A total of 60 male Portuguese youth sub-elite footballers (15.19 1.75 years) were continuous monitored across six weeks during the 2019–2020 in-season, comprising the training days from match day minus (MD-) 3, MD-2, and MD-1. The weekly training load was collected by an 18 Hz global positioning system (GPS), 1 Hz heart rate (HR) monitors, the perceived exertion (RPE) and the total quality recovery (TQR). A principal component approach (PCA) coupled with a Monte Carlo parallel analysis was applied to the training datasets. The training datasets were condensed into three to five principal components, explaining between 37.0% and 83.5% of the explained variance (proportion and cumulative) according to the training day (p < 0.001). Notably, the eigenvalue for this study ranged from 1.20% to 5.21% within the overall training data. The PCA analysis of the standard microcycle in youth sub-elite football identified that, across MD-3, MD-2, and MD-1, the first was dominated by the covered distances and sprinting variables, while the second component focused on HR measures and training impulse (TRIMP). For the weekly microcycle, the first component continued to emphasize distance and intensity variables, with the ACC and DEC being particularly influential, whereas the second and subsequent components included HR measures and perceived exertion. On the three training days analyzed, the first component primarily consisted of variables related to the distance covered, running speed, high metabolic load, sprinting, dynamic stress load, accelerations, and decelerations. The high intensity demands have a high relative weight throughout the standard microcycle, which means that the training load needs to be carefully monitored and managed.
- Artificial Intelligence in Sub-Elite Youth Football Players: Predicting Recovery Through Machine Learning Integration of Physical, Technical, Tactical and Maturational DataPublication . Afonso, Pedro Miguel Vaz; Forte, Pedro; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Garrido, Nuno D.; Teixeira, José EduardoMonitoring training load and recovery is essential for performance optimization and injury prevention in youth football. However, predicting subjective recovery in preadolescent athletes remains challenging due to biological variability and the multidimensional nature of training responses. This exploratory study examined whether supervised machine learning (ML) models could predict Total Quality of Recovery (TQR) using integrated external load, internal load, anthropometric and maturational variables collected over one competitive microcycle. Forty male sub-elite U11 and U13 football players (age 10.3 +/- 0.7 years; height 1.43 +/- 0.08 m; body mass 38.6 +/- 6.2 kg; BMI 18.7 +/- 2.1 kg/m2) completed a microcycle comprising four training sessions (MD-4 to MD-1) and one official match (MD). A total of 158 performance-related variables were extracted, including external load (GPS-derived metrics), internal load (RPE and sRPE), heart rate indicators (U13 only), anthropometric and maturational measures, and tactical-cognitive indices (FUT-SAT). After preprocessing and aggregation at the player level, five supervised ML algorithms-K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GB)-were trained using a 70/30 train-test split and 5-fold cross-validation to classify TQR into Low, Moderate, and High categories. Tree-based models (DT, GB) demonstrated the highest predictive performance, whereas linear and distance-based approaches (SVM, KNN) showed lower discriminative ability. Anthropometric and maturational factors emerged as the most influential predictors of TQR, with external and internal load contributing modestly. Predictive accuracy was moderate, reflecting the developmental variability characteristics of this age group. Using combined physiological, mechanical, and maturational data, these ML-based monitoring systems can simulate subjective recovery in young football players, offering potential as decision-support tools in youth sub-elite football and encouraging a more holistic and individualized approach to training and recovery management.
- Assessing the aerodynamics of an able-bodied cyclist and a shoulder-amputee cyclist by computer fluid DynamicsPublication . Forte, Pedro; Marinho, D.A.; Neiva, Henrique P.; Sampaio, Tatiana; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Branquinho, Luís; Silva, A.J.; Monteiro, A.M.; Barbosa, Tiago M.This study aimed to analyse the aerodynamics by numerical simulations with computer fluid dynamics of an ablebodied cyclist and a shoulder-amputee cyclist. An elite cyclist volunteered for this research; the cyclist was scanned with his competition gear and bicycle and the able-bodied and shoulder amputee 3D cyclists models were created. Numerical simulations were conducted between 1 m/s and 13 m/s (with increments of 1 m/s) with the fluent code. The effective surface area (ACd) varied between 0.38 and 0.59 m2 for the able-bodied cyclist; whereas, for the shoulder amputee, it varied between 0.29 m2 and 0.62 m2. The ACd difference between the able-bodied and the amputee ranged from 3% to 28% and the drag differed between 2% and 19%. The drag coefficient ranged between 0.55 and 0.84 for the able-bodied and from 0.45 and 0.92 for the shoulder-amputee. The drag ranged across the different velocities (1-13 m/s) from 0.36 N – 39.25 N for the ablebodied cyclist and for the shoulder-amputee between 0.38 N – 31.69 N. The two cyclist models presented significant differences and small effect sizes (t = 2.720; p = 0.019; d = 0.18). The linear regression models computed the drag differences between the able-bodied and the disabled cyclist; a significant relationship and very high effect sizes for drag (R2 = 0.997; R2a = 0.995; SEE = 0.996; p < 0.001) were observed. This study allowed us to conclude that the shoulder-amputee cyclist presents a lower drag compared to the able-bodied one.
- Associations between Coronavirus and Immune Response, Cardiorespiratory Fitness Rehabilitation and Physical Activity: A Brief ReportPublication . Silva-Santos, Sandra; Monteiro, A.M.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Forte, PedroCOVID-19 has serious effects on cardiorespiratory capacity. In this sense, physical activity has been identified as beneficial in the treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive benefits. To date, no study has been found on cardiorespiratory capacity and rehabilitation in patients cured after COVID-19. Thus, this brief report aims to relate the benefits of physical activity to cardiorespiratory function after COVID-19. It is important to know how different levels of physical activity can be related to the different symptoms of COVID-19. In view of this, the objectives of this brief report were to: (1) explore the theoretical associations between COVID-19 symptoms and physical activity; (2) compare the cardiorespiratory function of non-COVID-19 participants and post-COVID-19 patients; and (3) propose a physical activity program to improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of post-COVID-19 patients. Thus, we note that moderate-intensity physical activity (i.e., walking) has a greater beneficial effect on immune function, whereas vigorous activity (i.e., marathon running) tends to temporarily reduce immune function through an imbalance of cytokine types I and II in the hours and days after exercise. However, there is no consensus in the literature in this regard, since other investigations suggest that high-intensity training can also be beneficial, not causing clinically relevant immunosuppression. Physical activity has been shown to be beneficial in improving the clinical conditions most frequently associated with severe COVID-19. Thus, it is possible to infer that physically active individuals seem to be less exposed to the dangers of severe COVID-19 compared to non-active individuals through the benefits of physical activity in strengthening the immune system and fighting infections. The current study demonstrates that physical activity appears to be beneficial in improving the clinical conditions most often associated with severe COVID-19.
- Asthma prevalence in adolescent students from a Portuguese primary and secondary schoolPublication . Flores, Pedro Miguel; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Leal, Anna Kosmider; Branquinho, Luís; Fonseca, Rui Brito; Silva-Santos, Sandra; Batista, Amanda; Encarnação, Samuel; Monteiro, A.M.; Ribeiro, Joana; Forte, PedroAsthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, with a considerable increase, especially in children. It is considered the main cause of childhood morbidity, school absenteeism, and limitations in sports practice. The causes are multifactorial, and their prevalence varies from region to region, thus verifying a great disparity in the estimates of the prevalence of asthma. In this sense, the objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of asthma, its control, as well as the frequency of associated symptoms, in adolescents who attended the 3rd cycle of basic education and secondary education in schools in the municipalities of Paços de Ferreira, Paredes, and Penafiel. The sample consisted of 1222 (587 males and 635 females) (p = 0.17) aged between 12 and 17 years. The instruments used to diagnose asthma-associated symptoms were the standard questionnaire of the “International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood—ISAAC” and to check whether asthma was controlled, the “Test for Asthma Control” questionnaire was used. The results reveal a high prevalence of adolescents with asthma (8.9%) with a significant percentage that did not have the disease under control (38%). There was also a considerable percentage of adolescents who, despite not having asthma, have many symptoms associated with the disease. These results may be associated with environmental factors.
- Causas e consequências de quedasPublication . Monteiro, António M.; Encarnação, Samuel; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Branquinho, Luís; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Rodrigues, Filipe; Afonso, Pedro; Valente, Nuno; Forte, PedroAs quedas entre os idosos representam uma preocupação significativa de saúde pública, caracterizada por uma complexa interação de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos que contribuem para a sua prevalência e gravidade. Com o envelhecimento da população global, projeta-se que a incidência de quedas aumente, levando a maior morbidade, mortalidade e custos de saúde associados a lesões relacionadas com quedas. A natureza multifacetada das quedas exige uma compreensão abrangente das suas causas e consequências, que podem ser categorizadas em vários domínios, incluindo fatores fisiológicos, psicológicos e ambientais.
- Classification of recovery states in U15, U17, and U19 sub-elite football players: a machine learning approachPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Encarnação, Samuel; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Portella, Daniel Leite; Monteiro, Diogo; Morgans, Ryland; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Monteiro, A.M.; Forte, PedroA promising approach to optimizing recovery in youth football has been the use of machine learning (ML) models to predict recovery states and prevent mental fatigue. This research investigates the application of ML models in classifying male young football players aged under (U)15, U17, and U19 according to their recovery state. Weekly training load data were systematically monitored across three age groups throughout the initial month of the 2019–2020 competitive season, covering 18 training sessions and 120 observation instances. Outfield players were tracked using portable 18-Hz global positioning system (GPS) devices, while heart rate (HR) was measured using 1 Hz telemetry HR bands. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE 6–20) and total quality recovery (TQR 6–20) scores were employed to evaluate perceived exertion, internal training load, and recovery state, respectively. Data preprocessing involved handling missing values, normalization, and feature selection using correlation coefficients and a random forest (RF) classifier. Five ML algorithms [K-nearest neighbors (KNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), RF, and decision tree (DT)] were assessed for classification performance. The K-fold method was employed to cross-validate the ML outputs. Results: A high accuracy for this ML classification model (73–100%) was verified. The feature selection highlighted critical variables, and we implemented the ML algorithms considering a panel of 9 variables (U15, U19, body mass, accelerations, decelerations, training weeks, sprint distance, and RPE). These features were included according to their percentage of importance (3–18%). The results were cross-validated with good accuracy across 5-fold (79%). Conclusion: The five ML models, in combination with weekly data, demonstrated the efficacy of wearable device-collected features as an efficient combination in predicting football players’ recovery states.