Percorrer por autor "Bortolotti, Laura"
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- Correction to: Invasion genetics of the Asian hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax in Southern EuropePublication . Quaresma, Andreia; Henriques, Dora; Godinho, Joana; Maside, Xulio; Bortolotti, Laura; Pinto, M. AliceIn the original publication of the article, the fourth author’s family name and affiliations were published incorrectly. The correct author’s name and affiliations are given in this correction. The original article has been corrected.
- Estudo genético da invasão da vespa asiática (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) no sul da EuropaPublication . Quaresma, Andreia; Henriques, Dora; Godinho, Joana; Maside, Xulio; Bortolotti, Laura; Pinto, M. AliceA Vespa velutina (Vespidae), também conhecida como vespa asiática, partilha com outros himenópteros um conjunto de características biológicas únicas (e.g. vida colonial, sistema de castas, divisão de tarefas), as quais têm contribuído de forma inequívoca para o sucesso das inúmeras invasões biológicas causadas por estes insetos sociais. Nas últimas décadas, mais de 30 espécies da família Vespidae foram acidentalmente introduzidas em todo o mundo (Beggs et al. 2011). A Europa manteve-se livre destes poderosos invasores até 2004, ano em que a vespa asiática foi avistada pela primeira vez em Nérac, Lot-et-Garonne, França (Villemant et al. 2006). Desde então, a vespa asiática tem-se expandido rapidamente pela maior parte da Europa ocidental e já se encontra em pelo menos nove países vizinhos da França. A primeira incursão deste invasor fora de França ocorreu na localidade espanhola de Amaiur (Navarra), que se situa a 180 km a sul de Nérac (López et al. 2011), seis anos após a introdução. Depois de Espanha, a chegada da V. velutina a outros países foi muito rápida. Na Bélgica (Rome et al. 2013) e em Portugal (Grosso-Silva e Maia 2012) os primeiros indivíduos foram avistados em 2011, em Itália em 2012 (Demichelis et al. 2014), na Alemanha em 2014 (Witt 2015), na Grã-Bretanha (Budge et al. 2017) e nos Países Baixos em 2016 (Smit et al. 2018), na Suíça em 2017 (Poidatz et al. 2018) e 2021 na Irlanda. A vespa asiática ocupa assim uma vasta área do território Europeu, a qual continua a crescer.
- Invasion genetics of the Asian hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax in Southern EuropePublication . Quaresma, Andreia; Henriques, Dora; Godinho, Joana; Maside, Xulio; Bortolotti, Laura; Pinto, M. AliceIn 2004, Vespa velutina was first seen in France. Since then, this fierce honey bee predator spread across many countries, giving rise to one of the most phenomenal insect invasions in Europe. An early study in France showed a genetically depauperate population, originating from a single multi-mated queen introduced from China. Here, we further unveil V. velutina invasion genetics in Europe by surveying the Iberian and Italian peninsulas using cytonuclear markers. Our results show that the French population acted as the colonists’ source in Spain, Portugal and Italy, leading to rejecting the hypothesis of multiple introductions from the native range. While Spain and Italy were colonized predominantly by leading-edge expansions from the French core population, in Portugal the invasion started from long-distance jump. Both processes were accompanied by a significant reduction in genetic diversity, with stronger losses for Portugal (Ar = 17.4%; uHe = 42.3%) than for Spain (Ar = 9.0%; uHe = 20.6%) or Italy (Ar = 16.3%; uHe = 26.8%). Signatures of differentiation and population structure, associated to the founding event in Portugal, enabled detection of secondary contact between the front derived from the primary propagule introduced in France and the front derived from the secondary propagule introduced in Portugal. Detection of first-generation migrants in the three countries suggests continuous gene flow that is bringing in new alleles, and this effect is stronger in Portugal, as reflected by a 20.3% increase in allelic richness. Overall, this study provides further insights into the invasion genetics of V. velutina in Europe, which can aid developing strategies to manage this major threat to beekeeping.
- Invasion patterns of Vespa velutina nigrithorax in Southern Europe: a genetic perspectivePublication . Quaresma, Andreia; Henriques, Dora; Godinho, Joana; Maside, Xulio; Bortolotti, Laura; Pinto, M. AliceVespa velutina was seen for the first time in Europe in 2004, in pots imported from China into France. Since then, the population rapidly build up and expanded within France and, in 2010, started spreading across other countries, giving rise to one of the most phenomenal insect invasions ever seen in the European continent. Early studies suggested that the invasion originated from a single multi-mated queen introduced from China. However, little was known, until this study, about the genetics underlying the expansion towards south and east of the introduction point in France. Our aim was to further understand V. velutina invasion in Europe by surveying the Iberian and Italian peninsulas using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Our results show that the French population was the source of the colonies expanding in Spain, Portugal and Italy, therefore leading to rejection of the hypothesis of multiple introductions from the native habitats. While Spain and Italy were invaded by leading-edge expansions from the French core population, in Portugal this invasion started from a long-distance jump. Both types of expansion were accompanied by a significant reduction in the population genetic diversity, with Portugal presenting the highest loss values (Ar = 17.4%; uHe = 42.3%) than Spain (Ar = 9.0%; uHe = 20.6%) or Italy (Ar = 16.3%; uHe = 26.8%). Population structure results and signatures of differentiation show that a secondary contact occurred between the front derived from the primary propagule introduced in France and the front derived from the secondary propagule introduced in Portugal. First-generation migrants were detected in Iberia and Italy, suggesting that a continuous gene flow is bringing in new alleles in the three invaded countries. This effect is more prominent in Portugal, as it is reflected by a 20.3% increase in allelic richness. Overall, this study provides new insights into the invasion genetics of the honey bee predator V. velutina in Europe, which can help developing strategies to manage this major threat to beekeeping.
- Linking farmer and beekeeper preferences with ecological knowledge to improve crop pollinationPublication . Breeze, Tom D.; Boreux, Virginie; Cole, Lorna; Dicks, Lynn; Klein, Alexandra‐Maria; Pufal, Gesine; Balzan, Mario V.; Bevk, Danilo; Bortolotti, Laura; Petanidou, Theodora; Mand, Marika; Pinto, M. Alice; Scheper, Jeroen; Stanisavljević, Ljubiša; Stavrinides, Menelaos C.; Tscheulin, Thomas; Varnava, Androulla; Kleijn, David1. Pollination by insects is a key input into many crops, with managed honeybees often being hired to support pollination services. Despite substantial research into pollination management, no European studies have yet explored how and why farmers managed pollination services and few have explored why beekeepers use certain crops. 2. Using paired surveys of beekeepers and farmers in 10 European countries, this study examines beekeeper and farmer perceptions and motivations surrounding crop pollination. 3. Almost half of the farmers surveyed believed they had pollination service deficits in one or more of their crops. 4. Less than a third of farmers hired managed pollinators; however, most undertook at least one form of agri‐environment management known to benefit pollinators, although few did so to promote pollinators. 5. Beekeepers were ambivalent towards many mass‐flowering crops, with some beekeepers using crops for their honey that other beekeepers avoid because of perceived pesticide risks. 6. The findings highlight a number of largely overlooked knowledge gaps that will affect knowledge exchange and co‐operation between the two groups.
- Patterns of vespa velutina invasion in western Iberia and Italy as revealed by molecular markersPublication . Quaresma, Andreia; Henriques, Dora; Godinho, Joana; Maside, Xulio; Bortolotti, Laura; Pinto, M. AliceThe Yellow-legged or Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) was naturally distributed in Southeast Asia. However, in 2004, it was accidently introduced in France from China and in the last decade it spread rapidly through the French territory and to other European countries. In the Iberian Peninsula it was reported for the first time in Spain, in 2010, and in Portugal, in 2011. Using a population genetics framework, the goal of this study was to test the genetic patterns of colonization of this invasive honey bee predator in the Atlantic side of Iberia and in Italy. A total of 246 individuals, each representing a single colony, were collected across the invaded area in Portugal (190), Spain (45) and Italy (11). Additionally, a dataset containing samples from France, Vietnam, South Korea, Indonesia and two provinces of China provided by Arca et al. (2015) was used as a reference for testing hypothesis about origin of the invasion. The genetic variability was assessed using 16 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase. Population structure was inferred using the Bayesian approach STRUCTURE and diversity was estimated using GenAlex 6.5. Our results show that genetic diversity is low in Portugal, as expected from a founder effect originating from the French population. The Spanish population shows a higher genetic diversity and our data suggest that this is due to independent invasions originating from two range expansions: one from France and another from Portugal. The molecular data obtained for the Italian sample show diversity levels similar to those of Spain and supports introduction by range expansion from France. The mtDNA analysis revealed the presence of a single haplotype in Iberia and Italy, which has been also reported for France and UK. These results are in accordance with other European studies, further supporting an entrance of a small number of propagules or even of a single multi-mated queen in Europe.