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Abstract(s)
A importância das pontes em arco de alvenaria tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos tempos, pois estas são um marco histórico na evolução da humanidade e representam a evolução do engenho do homem ao longo dos séculos.
Construídas pelos nossos antepassados, muitas revelaram-se intemporais, algumas delas milenares resistiram até aos dias de hoje, cumprindo ainda com as funções para as quais foram construídas.
O salto tecnológico dado no último século permitiu o aparecimento de novos materiais, nomeadamente o betão armado e o aço com os quais é mais fácil e mais económico construir, conseguindo vencer vãos muito maiores com custos mais reduzidos. Assim a construção de pontes em arco de alvenaria de pedra deixou de se utilizar apesar de ter provado a sua resistência e durabilidade.
Contudo, herdamos um vasto património arquitetónico que urge identificar, caraterizar e analisar contribuindo assim para a sua gestão, manutenção e conservação.
O que se fez nesta tese foi fazer uma recolha de dados, essenciais à realização de trabalhos futuros que cumpram os objetivos anteriores.
O trabalho desenvolvido consistiu na execução de um levantamento de parâmetros geométricos (“in situ”), com relevância para o comportamento estrutural, de uma amostra de pontes em arco de alvenaria no distrito de Bragança, norte de Portugal, fazendo posteriormente a sua caraterização e análise geométrica.
Foram analisadas e comparadas as caraterísticas geométricas destas pontes com as regras empíricas históricas de construção, praticadas pelos antigos construtores que mais se destacaram ao longo do tempo.
Fez-se também a comparação das caraterísticas geométricas das pontes da amostra, com as relações geométricas obtidas em levantamentos recentes realizados em Itália.
Estas comparações configuram uma forma preliminar e expedita de avaliação da segurança destas pontes.
The importance of masonry arch bridges has increased in recent times, as these represent a milestone in the evolution of humanity and of human ingenuity over centuries. Built by our ancestors, many have proven to be timeless, some of them millenarian stood still until our days, while fulfilling the functions for which they were built. The technological burst since the last century allowed the development of new materials, including reinforced concrete and steel which is easier and cheaper to build, and with capabilities to reach larger spans with lower costs. Thus the construction of arch bridges of stone masonry ceased to be used despite having proven its strength and durability. However, with these constructions it has been inherited a vast architectural heritage that requires identification, characterization and analysis, contributing to their management, maintenance and preservation. The work collects geometrical data of masonry arc bridges, that is an essential task to satisfy the previous requirements. The work consisted in implementing a geometrical survey ("in situ") of parameters with key importance for structural behavior, of a sample of masonry arch bridges in the district of Bragança, north of Portugal, gathering information that is important to support this characterization and geometrical analysis. The geometrical characteristics of these bridges have been analyzed and compared with historical empirical rules of construction, practiced by the ancient builders who stood out over time. This work, also compares the geometrical characteristics of the sample bridges, with geometrical proportions from recent surveys in Italy. These comparisons are a preliminary way to analyze, evaluate and understand the structural safety of these bridges.
The importance of masonry arch bridges has increased in recent times, as these represent a milestone in the evolution of humanity and of human ingenuity over centuries. Built by our ancestors, many have proven to be timeless, some of them millenarian stood still until our days, while fulfilling the functions for which they were built. The technological burst since the last century allowed the development of new materials, including reinforced concrete and steel which is easier and cheaper to build, and with capabilities to reach larger spans with lower costs. Thus the construction of arch bridges of stone masonry ceased to be used despite having proven its strength and durability. However, with these constructions it has been inherited a vast architectural heritage that requires identification, characterization and analysis, contributing to their management, maintenance and preservation. The work collects geometrical data of masonry arc bridges, that is an essential task to satisfy the previous requirements. The work consisted in implementing a geometrical survey ("in situ") of parameters with key importance for structural behavior, of a sample of masonry arch bridges in the district of Bragança, north of Portugal, gathering information that is important to support this characterization and geometrical analysis. The geometrical characteristics of these bridges have been analyzed and compared with historical empirical rules of construction, practiced by the ancient builders who stood out over time. This work, also compares the geometrical characteristics of the sample bridges, with geometrical proportions from recent surveys in Italy. These comparisons are a preliminary way to analyze, evaluate and understand the structural safety of these bridges.
Description
Keywords
Pontes em arco de alvenaria Regras empíricas Levantamento geométrico Caraterização