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- Do Zooplankton diversity-environment relationships derivedfrom space-for-time-substitution surveys actually represent any lakes?Publication . Stockwell, Jason; Symons, Celia; Figary, Stephanie; Alcocer, Javier; Alfonso, María B.; Anneville, Orlane; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Beklioğlu, Meryem; Beyer, Jessica; Blank, Kätlin; Bruel, Rosalie; Burnet, Sarah; Caroni, Rossana; Chandra, Sudeep; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern; Cortés, Alicia; Crispim, Maria Cristina; Warren Currie; Eyto, Elvira de; DeGasperi, Curtis; Diovisalvi, Nadia; Dondajewska-Pielka, Renata; Doubek, Jonathan; Dur, Gaël; Ersoy, Zeynep; Fernández, Rocío; Fontanarrosa, María Soledad; Gideon, Gal; García-Girón, Jorge; Ger, Kemal Ali; Goldyn, Ryszard; Guo, Fen; Hambright, K. David; Somia, Raslen; Jeppesen, Erik; Kainz, Martin; Kowalczewska-Madura, Katarzyna; Kuczyńska-Kippen, Natalia; Laas, Alo; Leoni, Barbara; López-Vázquez, Mercedes; Manca, Marina; Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro; Matthews, Blake; Merz,Ewa; Moe, Jannicke; Muñoz-Colmenares, Manuel; Nejstgaard, Jens; Obertegger, Ulrike; Oseguera, Luis A.; Paterson, Michael; Piscia, Roberta; Molina, Florencia Rojas; Rudstam, Lars; Rusak, James A.; Rusanovskaya, Olga O.; Salmaso, Nico; Sarvala, Jouko; Seda, Jaromír; Silow, Eugene; Soininen, Janne; Tartarotti, Barbara; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Thackeray, Stephen; Timofeyev, Maxim; Zagarese, Horacio; Znachor, PetrSpace-For-Time-Substitution (SFTS) surveys are used todescribe zooplankton community structure, assess lakehealth, and forecast lake responses to environmental change. SFTS surveys combine single-point sampling from many lakes to evaluate zooplankton community structure and dynamics (e.g., abundance, diversity) and their responses to ecogeographical gradients in key environmental drivers (e.g., temperature, salinity), instead of tracking such responses in individual lakes. However, there liability and reproducibility of estimating temporal dynamics from models of SFTS survey data have yet to betested against observed community dynamics within lakes distributed worldwide. We use a recently compiled global dataset (292 lakes, 38 countries, 6 continents) of lake zooplankton time series to estimate the relationship between zooplankton diversity and potential environmental drivers using simulated SFTS surveys. We then apply the results to lakes with long-term time series to compare relationships derived from SFTS surveys with the historical dynamics of individual lakes. We expect that zooplankton dynamics in lakes from less variable thermal regions (i.e.,low and high latitudes) will not be well represented by temperature relationships derived from SFTS surveys. Testing biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships and their drivers requires adequate temporally and spatially resolved data. We provide a global perspective on thedesign of monitoring programs that include zooplankton and examine the reliability of zooplankton biodiversity patterns observed in SFTS surveys.
- Sequestro de carbono em castinçais: impacto da densidade de varas simulado com o modelo CO2FixPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; El Baine, Chaimae; Nunes, LuísAs talhadias de castanheiro (Castanea sativa Mill.) podem potenciar o sequestro de carbono, contribuindo para a mitigação das alterações climáticas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou o potencial de sequestro de carbono em diferentes densidades de varas por touça, recorrendo ao modelo CO2Fix. O ensaio foi conduzido em Cimas de Mogadouro, no Nordeste de Portugal e compreendeu quatro tratamentos, avaliados ao longo de 12 anos. O modelo foi calibrado para simular a produção de biomassa e o correspondente sequestro de carbono numa rotação de 42 anos. Os tratamentos com três (T2) e cinco (T3) varas revelaram maior acumulação de biomassa e carbono, sobretudo na biomassa aérea e raízes. O tratamento T2 destacou‑se pelo maior acréscimo corrente anual e pela produção de varas com maiores diâmetros conferindo-lhes potencial de armazenamento de carbono em produtos de longa duração. A modelação mostrou‑se consistente nos tratamentos T1, T2 e T3, embora tenha subestimado o carbono no tratamento T4 (alto fuste) nas fases iniciais. Os resultados confirmam que, através de práticas silvícolas ajustadas, os castinçais funcionam como sumidouros de carbono eficientes, promovendo uma gestão florestal sustentável.
- Assessment of the bioaccumulation potential of pharmaceuticals in periphyton in river systems of northeastern Portugal: methodological design and environmental perspectivesPublication . Voznakova, Alena; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Canle, MoisésPeriphyton is a complex biological matrix that plays a key role in aquatic ecosystems, not only as the basis of the food web, but also as a potential bioindicator of pollution. In the context of monitoring emerging pollutants, the study of periphyton provides complementary information to that obtained from water and sediment, especially regarding bioaccumulation processes and associated ecological risks. Its ability to retain and accumulate contaminants over time makes it a valuable tool for assessing long-term exposure and environmental quality. This study was carried out in the Douro river basin, in the region of Bragança (northeastern Portugal), where periphyton samples were collected from 14 sites during three seasonal campaigns throughout 2024. Samples were obtained by scraping hard substrates in river and reservoir systems, then preserved under cold conditions and freeze-dried for laboratory analysis. In addition to the development of a specific solid-phase extraction (SPE) and cleanup protocol for the detection of pharmaceutical compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), periphyton samples were characterized to better understand their structure and composition as an environmental matrix. Periphyton characterization revealed consistent patterns, with dry weight generally between ~4 and 90 g/m² and chlorophyll content ranging from ~0.02% to 5%. The assessment of pharmaceutical contamination is still in progress, as methodological improvements are being applied due to the lack of reliable results with existing approaches. The methodological approach adopted will be presented, along with reflections on technical challenges and its potential contribution to integrated environmental assessment. Preliminary findings may also be included.
- Promoting species diversity: understanding Sweet chestnut within regeneration of Scots pine standsPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Nunes, LuísPine forests show a natural gradual transition to mixed plantations where, with the progression of ecological succession, hardwoods such as Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and oaks begin to progressively settle. However, the persistence of chestnut in conifer stands remains poorly studied and appears to be strongly influenced by the surrounding areas where the species is cultivated and light availability. In this case study conducted in Serra da Nogueira, Portugal, which is characterized by a mosaic of habitats resulting from mountain agriculture, including extensive Pyrenean oak forests and stands of other hardwoods and conifers, such as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), it was observed that chestnut persisted in the natural regeneration of these stands primarily due to the presence of nearby chestnut forests and agroforestry stands. The presence of advanced regeneration in the understory of Scots pine stands suggests that chestnut can persist in the natural regeneration dynamics, leading to the formation of mixed stands more resilient and biodiverse. Therefore, the regeneration status of two Scots pine stands covering a 12-hectare area in Serra da Nogueira (41°45'34"N, 6°54'53"W, altitude 980 m) was assessed. A systematic sampling approach was applied. A semi-permanent circular plot device was installed, following a concentric system with a fixed radius. Natural regeneration (d<10 cm) was divided into two height strata: up to 2 m and > 2 m. Concentric circular plots of 100 and 200 m2 wereused to study each height stratum. Abundance and diversity were evaluated using modified Shannon and Simpson indices, the inverse of the Berger-Parker index, and species richness. Generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive models (GAM) were employed to explore the influence of potential explanatory variables related to stand structure, crown cover, and degree of shrub cover (SC)on the abundance of the main species contributing to natural regeneration. The results indicate that basal area (G) significantly affects the abundance of natural regeneration. Additionally, it was found that the percentage of SC also had an influence. Basal areas close to 40 m2 ha-1 promote the regeneration of Scots pine while lower G favors the establishment of hardwoods, particularly chestnut.
- Synergies between the American and Sweet chestnuts could impact the rural bioeconomyPublication . Clark, Stacy L.; Marcolin, Enrico; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Loewe-Muñoz, VerónicaSweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and American chestnut (C. dentata) have been explicitly linked to historical and contemporary cultures and have played important roles in rural bioeconomies. These species also have been important for enhancing ecological services, such as mast production, soil stabilization, and high water use efficiency. Threats to these species are unprecedented and additive, including global climate change, nonnative pests and pathogens, land use changes, and lack of scientific knowledge and technologies. We will provide a synthesis of traditional and novel silvicultural systems for chestnut, focusing on timber and non-timber forest products that enhance the forest bioeconomy. Sweet and American chestnuts require divergent management strategies to sustain their conservation values, and both species require active forest management to maintain or restore populations in native or naturalized habitats. Even-aged regeneration systems are the preferred silvicultural practice for both species. Coppicing is commonly implemented for sweet chestnut and provides a potential future strategy for American chestnut once disease-resistant material is available. Cryphonectria parasitica causes chestnut blight and may limit long-rotation timber production of American chestnut making coppice systems more attractive for managers. High forests of sweet chestnuts are managed primarily for timber production in single or mixed species plantations and naturalized stands, although ecosystem services are being increasingly considered in value estimations for this species. American chestnut will probably be reintroduced to achieve ecological restoration goals that can be considered in determining values to the bioeconomy. Traditional and emerging markets for sweet chestnut, such as biomass or carbon, may help inform future opportunities around American chestnut, particularly for tribal and rural communities. Climate change and other threats call for synergistic partnerships and knowledge sharing to maintain or restore sweet and American chestnuts as part of the global ecosystem.
- Unlocking the potential of sweet shestnut stands: Sustainable sanagement, carbon sequestration andr evenue generationPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Nunes, LuísThe sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), a species common in European forest ecosystems, provides numerous ecosystem services including landscape diversity, supporting biodiversity and enhance resilience to forest wildfires in Mediterranean regions. While climate change poses challenges to this species, it also presents opportunities to leverage its ecosystem services that have been overlooked in the potential incomes on chestnut management. Carbon sequestration is one such service that can revitalize chestnut areas. By exploring carbon storage as a passive income stream, profitability in chestnut areas can be enhanced beyond traditional revenue sources like timber and nuts. A comparative analysis is carried out to assess the potential of carbon sequestration in diverse cultural systems of chestnut stands during the juvenile phase (up to 24 years). The analysis is based on data of field permanent plots used to estimate biomass and carbon levels. The estimation of carbon value is based on EU Carbon Permits. To effectively mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, it is crucial to strike a balance between carbon sequestration and the duration of carbon retention in wood products. By emphasizing the production of high-quality wood and incorporating it into long-lived products, significant environmental benefits can be achieved by storing carbon outside the atmosphere for extended periods of time. Furthermore, the silviculture practices related to this innovative approach are also discussed. By transferring the significant value of Carbon Permits for carbon ecosystem services, we can demonstrate the potential impact of carbon sequestration as a compelling factor for revitalizing the chestnut forests. The most carbon-sequestering chestnut forest areas are productive sites, including high forest stands and coppices. These areas exhibit an average annual CO2 sequestration ranging from 12.7 to 13.6 Mg ha-1 year-1 over a period of 23-24 years, with carbon values exceeding €900.00 per hectare per year and possibly reaching €1,150.00 per hectare per year. When combined with the quality and durability of wood products and the opportunity to substitute alternative materials like plastics and steel in construction, the environmental and economic benefits become even more pronounced. This presentation highlights the potential of chestnut in mitigating climate change, generating revenue and fostering sustainability.
- Environmental Drivers of Nightversus Day Zooplankton Populationestimates In Lakes Around the WorldPublication . Goldfarb, Sadye K.; Doubek, Jonathan; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Armengol, Xavier; Avilés-Vargas, Lidia; Bartrons, Mireia; Bartrons, Mireia; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Berger, Stella; Bess, Zach; Brentrup, Jannifer; Brucet, Sandra; Bruesewitz, Denise; Calderó-Pascual, Maria; Carey, Cayelan C.; Chandra, Sudeep; Chapina, Rosaura; Eyto, Elvira de; Erdoğan, Şeyda; Erina, Oxana; Figary, Stephanie; Gerrish, Gretchen; Glass, Lucas; Brett, Johnson; Kainz, Martin; Kalingali, Anthony; Khan, Samiullah; Kimirei, Ismael; Leoni, Barbara; Lepori, Fabio; McCarthy, Valerie; Nava, Veronica; Nejstgaard, Jens; Ogorelec, Ziga; O'Reilly, Catherine; Pate, William; Paterson, Michael; Pinheiro-Silva, Lorena; Qiu, Qianlinglin; Richardson, David; Rusak, James A.; Silver, Douglas; Straile, Dietmar; Suenaga, Erin; Tartarotti, Barbara; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Tereshina, Maria; Umaña-Villalobos, Gerardo; Walles, Tim; Wander, Heather; Wurtsbaugh, Wayne; Xu, Yaoyang; Zhikharev, Vyacheslav; Stockwell, JasonZooplankton play vital roles in aquatic food webs by grazingon phytoplankton, which affects water quality, andtransferring energy to higher trophic levels. In freshwaterlakes, zooplankton commonly exhibit diel vertical andhorizontal migration. During the day, zooplankton descendto deeper waters, or seek refuge in littoral areas or thesediment-water interface, to avoid visual predators, andthen migrate to open water at night to feed. Consequently,zooplankton may exhibit higher density and biomass atnight versus the day, and estimates and perceptions ofzooplankton dynamics can change with the time of daysampling occurs. To better understand these dielzooplankton differences and their environmental drivers, weconducted a standardized global campaign to samplecrustacean zooplankton in the full water column at day andnight in the pelagic zone of 40 lakes. The lakes spanned agradient in trophic state, size, and other variables such asdissolved oxygen (DO). Mesotrophic and eutrophic lakesexhibited greater zooplankton biomass at night versus daywhile oligotrophic lakes did not. Crustacean zooplanktonhad higher biomass at night versus day in lakes at lowerelevation, with higher chlorophyll a concentration, and lowerhypolimnetic DO levels. Lake area and depth were notrelated to diel zooplankton density or biomass. We provideone of the first global, standardized studies onenvironmental drivers of day versus night zooplanktonpopulation estimates. This study has importantramifications for our understanding of zooplankton ecologyand for sampling regimens.
- Valorization of oliviculture residues for the removal of estrogens from waterPublication . Milani, Eduardo C.; Manezes, Maraísa L.; Díaz de Tuesta, Jose Luis; Queiroz, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, PauloEstrogens belong to the class of water micropollutants named as endocrine disrupting chemicals and are considered persistent substances in the environment. Estrogens are a type of hormones that are continuously released to environment presenting several undesirable effects on aquatic species and human health even when present at very low concentrations (trace levels). Additionally, it is known that traditional sewage and drinking water treatment plants are not able to remove or degrade these compounds and additional treatments are required . Currently, there is an effort to produce bio-based adsorbents that are able to remove efficiently a wide range of micropollutants from water. With the present work we will present an extensive set of experimental results that presents the valorization of olive stones residues to prepare activated carbons to be used as adsorbent for the removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) by adsorption from water. Five different adsorbents were produced, namely powdered olive stone (OS), physical activated at 800°C (CF), carbonized at 500°C (CC), chemical activated using phosphoric acid (CA) and chemical activated with sodium hydroxide (CB). The carbonization yield was calculated and the pH at point of zero charge (pHPZC), BET surface area (SBET) of the carbonaceous materials were determined. The simultaneous removal of the three estrogens (E1, E2 and EE2) from water was evaluated for all the five prepared adsorbents. For the adsorbent with the best removal performance, a kinetic study was also carried out. The obtained results show that olive stones exhibit potential for the production of ACs with high surfaces used to remove estrogens from water.
- Removal of estrogens from water using activated carbon adsorbent materials prepared from olive stonesPublication . Milani, Eduardo C.; Menezes, Maraísa L.; Díaz de Tuesta, Jose Luis; Ribeiro, António E.; Brito, Paulo; Queiroz, AnaEstrogens are a type of hormones that are continuously released to environment presenting several undesirable effects on aquatic species and human health even when present at very low concentrations. With the present work we will present an extensive set of experimental results that presents the valorization of olive stones residues to prepare activated carbons to be used as adsorbent for the removal of estrogens by adsorption from water. Five different adsorbents were produced and characterized. The carbonization yield, the pH at point of zero charge, BET surface area of the carbonaceous materials were measured. Additionally, FTIR analysis was also performed. The simultaneous removal of the three estrogens from water was evaluated for all five prepared adsorbents. For the adsorbent with the best removal performance, a kinetic study was carried out. The obtained results show that olive stones exhibit potential for the production of activated carbons with high surface area used to remove estrogens from water.
- Influence of [emim][Tf2N] in PES/SAPO-34 mixed matrix membranes for gas separationPublication . Cardoso, Jonathan; Lin, Zhi; Brito, Paulo; Gando-Ferreira, Licínio M.Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) are heavily studied and the main concern by researchers is the difficulty to obtain a high selectivity membrane with low defects, mainly interfacial voids due to the poor interaction between polymer matrix and filler. The functionalization of zeolite surface in Poly-EtherSulphone (PES)/Silico-AluminoPhosphate-34 (SAPO- 34) led to membranes with higher compatibility. Recently, the use of ionic liquids in the particles surface to improve the gas permeability and separation efficiency has presented advanced results. The aim of this work is to compare the separation efficiency of CO2 and N2 in permeance and selectivity criteria. The use of the ionic liquid (IL) [emim][Tf2N] showed an increase in selectivity and in CO2 permeance due to promoting a better separation of the dispersant in the polymeric matrix when compared to a film with the same composition without the IL treatment.