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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
This chapter addresses the different methods used to diagnose
brucellosis. Rapid diagnosis of the disease is essential for its control and
to protect public health. Basically, there are two types of tests, the direct
tests, which detect the presence of Brucella and are used in clinical
situations where the animals are affected and show clinical signs, and
indirect tests that are mainly used for screening to detect subclinical
conditions. These are widely used as part of control and eradication
programs. Main aspects of direct tests are described, namely bacterial
isolation and identification and molecular methods: conventional and
real-time PCR, multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis,
multi-locus sequence typing and luminex xMAP technology. Regarding
indirect tests, serological tests are prefered: milk ring test, buffered
Brucella antigen tests, namely rose Bengal test and buffered plate
agglutination test, serum agglutination test, complement fixation test,
indirect and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,
fluorescence polarization assay, immunoprecipitation tests and lateral
flow immunochromatography. Another indirect test, interferon-gamma
release assay, performed on whole blood and brucellin skin tests are
discussed. Concerning sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of the
methods, none of the tests are Brucella species-specific, but some of
those, specifically the buffered agglutination tests, set a high standard
with regards to the DSe/DSp.
Description
Keywords
Bacterial methods Direct tests Indirect tests Molecular methods Serological methods
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Saavedra, M.J., Fernandes, Conceição; Queiroga, Cristina (2019) Laboratory Diagnosis of Brucellosis. In J.C. Simões; M.J. Saavedra and P.A. Hunter (Eds.) Brucellosis in Goats and Sheep: an endemic and re-emerging old zoonosis in the 21st century. New York: Nova Science publisher. p. 151-180. ISBN 978-1-53614-962-3