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A emissão de poluentes na atmosfera tem abordado com frequência as discussões científicas nos últimos anos. No que tange o setor da Construção Civil, o parque energético habitacional tem sido responsável por uma parcela significativa na emissão desses poluentes, em especial o CO2. Buscando diminuir esse impacto, foram criadas legislações contendo planos de metas e imposições de limites térmicos e energéticos para as edificações.
Para este trabalho foram estudadas construções com o conceito Passive House para atender os critérios de edifícios com necessidades quase nulas de energia, obrigatórios para novos edifícios a partir de 2021. Esse tipo de solução apresenta tratamento térmico intensivo na envolvente e nas pontes térmicas da habitação, propondo soluções passivas e equipamentos com eficiência elevada de funcionamento.
Como resultado, as soluções Passive House apresentam elevado desempenho térmico, pontes térmicas quase nulas e elevado conforto térmico para os habitantes. Em compensação, para obter a certificação e atender aos critérios do Passivhaus Institut é necessário um investimento elevado em comparação às soluções correntes apresentadas em Portugal.
A partir disso, foi estudada uma habitação com caraterísticas comuns para as cidades do Porto e de Lisboa. Nesse edifício foram adotadas soluções Passive House e soluções correntes para fazer face às novas exigências do Regulamento de Desempenho Térmico dos Edifícios de Habitação. Foram propostos sistemas técnicos comuns em Portugal para aquecimento, arrefecimento e preparação de águas quentes sanitárias. Assim, foram calculados os balanços energéticos e o retorno financeiro para cada uma das propostas apresentadas.
Como conclusão, observou-se que as soluções Passive House estudadas cumprem os requisitos como edifícios com necessidades energéticas quase nulas e que possuem elevada classificação energética. Porém, por apresentarem um alto custo de investimento inicial apresentam um tempo de retorno muito elevado comparados as soluções correntes em Portugal.
The emission of pollutants into the atmosphere has often addressed scientific discussions in recent years. Regarding the Civil Construction sector, the housing energy sector has been responsible for a significant portion of the emission of these pollutants, especially CO2. Seeking to reduce this impact, legislation was created containing plans of goals and impositions of thermal and energetic limits for the buildings. For this work were studied buildings with the Passive House concept to meet NZEB buildings criteria, mandatory for new buildings from 2021. This type of solution presents intensive thermal treatment in the envelope and the thermal bridges of the building, proposing passive solutions and equipment with high efficiency. As a result, Passive House solutions feature high thermal performance, near-zero thermal bridges and high thermal comfort for residents. However, to obtain certification and meet the criteria of the Passivhaus Institut, the construction requires a high investment compared to the current solutions presented in Portugal. From this, a resident building with common characteristics to the cities of Porto and Lisbon was studied. In this building were adopted Passive House solutions and current solutions to meet the new requirements of the Regulation of Thermal Performance of Resident Buildings. Common technical systems have been proposed in Portugal for heating, cooling and hot water preparation. Thus, energy balances and financial returns were calculated for each of the proposals presented. As a conclusion, it was observed that the Passive House solutions studied fulfill the requirements as NZEB buildings and have high energy classification. However, because they present a high initial investment cost, they have a very high payback compared to current solutions in Portugal.
The emission of pollutants into the atmosphere has often addressed scientific discussions in recent years. Regarding the Civil Construction sector, the housing energy sector has been responsible for a significant portion of the emission of these pollutants, especially CO2. Seeking to reduce this impact, legislation was created containing plans of goals and impositions of thermal and energetic limits for the buildings. For this work were studied buildings with the Passive House concept to meet NZEB buildings criteria, mandatory for new buildings from 2021. This type of solution presents intensive thermal treatment in the envelope and the thermal bridges of the building, proposing passive solutions and equipment with high efficiency. As a result, Passive House solutions feature high thermal performance, near-zero thermal bridges and high thermal comfort for residents. However, to obtain certification and meet the criteria of the Passivhaus Institut, the construction requires a high investment compared to the current solutions presented in Portugal. From this, a resident building with common characteristics to the cities of Porto and Lisbon was studied. In this building were adopted Passive House solutions and current solutions to meet the new requirements of the Regulation of Thermal Performance of Resident Buildings. Common technical systems have been proposed in Portugal for heating, cooling and hot water preparation. Thus, energy balances and financial returns were calculated for each of the proposals presented. As a conclusion, it was observed that the Passive House solutions studied fulfill the requirements as NZEB buildings and have high energy classification. However, because they present a high initial investment cost, they have a very high payback compared to current solutions in Portugal.
Descrição
Dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Passive house Eficiência energética Habitação