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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A crescente na busca por energia renováveis está relacionada, principalmente, ao aumento dos custos de vida, especialmente em Portugal, associado a tentativa de desvincular-se de fontes de energia fósseis. As microgerações solares fotovoltaicas, voltadas para autoconsumo, são uma solução emergente para os consumidores que buscam alívio e retorno financeiro. Tais sistemas são capazes de suprir as demandas elétricas residenciais, além da injeção do excedente na rede elétrica. Contudo, o sistema de compensação energética varia conforme as legislações vigentes de cada país. Atualmente, no Brasil, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), por força de lei e resoluções normativas (Lei 14.300 e a Resolução Normativa 1059, respectivamente) impuseram o marco legal da geração distribuída. Portugal, por sua vez, apresenta suas próprias regras e regulamentações no que tange o processo de compensação energética para a geração distribuída. Além disso, muitos consumidores são adeptos do mercado livre de energia, ao contrário do Brasil, onde a maior parte do fornecimento é ainda realizado através do mercado cativo, onde o preço do kWh tende a ser menos competitivo. A abordagem tem como proposta não apenas avaliar as legislações vigentes em cada país, como evidenciar em qual cenário esta fonte de energia renovável é mais viável. Além disto, este trabalho busca destacar as diferenças económicas e o retorno financeiro ao longo dos anos. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral realizar uma análise no que concerne a viabilidade economica de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos no setor residencial entre Brasil e Portugal, levando-se em
consideração os aspectos referentes aos respectivos sistemas de compensação energética, às condições solarimétricas de cada local e dos seus fatores de utilização médios. A metodologia deste trabalho é composta por seis etapas: análise das legislações vigentes, dimensionamento de duas instalações equivalentes, viabilidade economica dos sistemas, projeção no software PV*SOL, análise dos dados gerados pelo software e, por fim, a análise de qual país é mais vantajoso. Conclui-se assim que, com relação ao investimento inicial, Portugal apresenta-se como mais vantajoso, contudo, devido a diferença das legislações e preços de venda do excedente, o balanço financeiro é superior no Brasil.
The growing demand for renewable energy is mainly related to the increasing cost of living, especially in Portugal, and the attempt to break away from fossil fuel sources. Photovoltaic solar microgeneration systems, aimed at self-consumption, are an emerging solution for consumers seeking financial relief and returns. These systems are capable of meeting residential electrical demands, in addition to injecting excess power into the grid. However, the energy compensation system varies according to the prevailing legislation in each country. Currently, in Brazil, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), by law and regulatory resolutions (Law 14.300 and Normative Resolution 1059, respectively), has imposed the legal framework for distributed generation. Portugal, in turn, has its own rules and regulations regarding the energy compensation process for distributed generation. Additionally, many consumers in Portugal participate in the free energy market, unlike Brazil, where most supply is still through the captive market, where the price per kWh tends to be less competitive. The approach aims not only to evaluate the current legislation in each country but also to highlight in which scenario this renewable energy source is more viable. Furthermore, this work seeks to highlight the economic differences and financial returns over the years. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to conduct an analysis regarding the economic feasibility of residential photovoltaic solar systems in Brazil and Portugal, considering the aspects related to the respective energy compensation systems, the solarmetric conditions of each location, and their average utilization factors. The methodology of this work consists of six stages: analysis of current legislation, design of two equivalent installations, economic feasibility of the systems, projection using PV*SOL software, analysis of the data generated by the software, and finally, the analysis of which country is more advantageous. It concludes that, regarding the initial investment, Portugal is more advantageous; however, due to differences in legislation and surplus sale prices, the financial balance is superior in Brazil.
The growing demand for renewable energy is mainly related to the increasing cost of living, especially in Portugal, and the attempt to break away from fossil fuel sources. Photovoltaic solar microgeneration systems, aimed at self-consumption, are an emerging solution for consumers seeking financial relief and returns. These systems are capable of meeting residential electrical demands, in addition to injecting excess power into the grid. However, the energy compensation system varies according to the prevailing legislation in each country. Currently, in Brazil, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), by law and regulatory resolutions (Law 14.300 and Normative Resolution 1059, respectively), has imposed the legal framework for distributed generation. Portugal, in turn, has its own rules and regulations regarding the energy compensation process for distributed generation. Additionally, many consumers in Portugal participate in the free energy market, unlike Brazil, where most supply is still through the captive market, where the price per kWh tends to be less competitive. The approach aims not only to evaluate the current legislation in each country but also to highlight in which scenario this renewable energy source is more viable. Furthermore, this work seeks to highlight the economic differences and financial returns over the years. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to conduct an analysis regarding the economic feasibility of residential photovoltaic solar systems in Brazil and Portugal, considering the aspects related to the respective energy compensation systems, the solarmetric conditions of each location, and their average utilization factors. The methodology of this work consists of six stages: analysis of current legislation, design of two equivalent installations, economic feasibility of the systems, projection using PV*SOL software, analysis of the data generated by the software, and finally, the analysis of which country is more advantageous. It concludes that, regarding the initial investment, Portugal is more advantageous; however, due to differences in legislation and surplus sale prices, the financial balance is superior in Brazil.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com o Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais – CEFET
Keywords
Microgeração fotovoltáica Autoconsumo Viabilidade financeira