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Barreiras de controle de erosão numa parcela em viticultura regenerativa: efeitos na conservação do solo e da água
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Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a eficácia de barreiras de controle de erosão e os efeitos de práticas conservacionistas num sistema de viticultura regenerativa como uma estratégia para reduzir a perda de solo e melhorar as suas propriedades físicas e químicas. Foi estimada a perda de solo anual de acordo com a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE), recolhidos sedimentos em campo para determinar a taxa de exportação de partículas da parcela ao longo de um ano de estudo e avaliadas as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo e vegetação após o primeiro ano de aplicação de práticas conservacionistas. O solo foi classificado como franco-arenoso, com elevada pedregosidade e baixa erodibilidade, apresentando um fator K médio de 0,008 t ha⁻¹/(MJ ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ h⁻¹). O fator C médio anual (0,104) indicou uma redução aproximada de 75% do avaliado em vinhas sob gestão convencional. As barreiras físicas e vegetais mostraram-se eficazes na redução do comprimento da encosta com potencial de geração de escoamentos erosivos, na dissipação da energia do escoamento superficial e na retenção de sedimentos. A cobertura herbácea apresentou significativa produção de biomassa e teores de matéria orgânica (0,84 g/g de matéria seca) que podem contribuir para o aumento do carbono ativo do solo. Os sarmentos (ramos eliminados através da poda), embora atualmente removido do sistema, revelaram elevado potencial de aporte de carbono estável ao solo, caso sejam reintegrados ao campo. Em conjunto, os resultados obtidos sugerem que o manejo regenerativo adotado apresenta potencial para promover melhorias físicas e químicas do solo e reduzir as perdas por erosão, evidenciando-se como uma abordagem promissora para a viticultura sustentável em regiões de encosta.
This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of erosion control barriers and the effects of conservation practices in a regenerative viticulture system as a strategy to reduce soil loss and improve its physical and chemical properties. Annual soil loss was estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), sediments were collected in the field to determine the particle export rate from the plot over a one-year study period, and soil and vegetation physical and chemical properties were evaluated after the first year of implementing conservation practices. The soil was classified as sandy loam, with high stoniness and low erodibility, showing an average K factor of 0.008 t ha⁻¹/(MJ ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹h⁻¹). The average annual C factor (0.104) indicated an approximate 75% reduction compared to that observed in conventionally managed vineyards. Physical and vegetative barriers proved effective in reducing slope lengths with potential for generating erosive runoff, dissipating the energy of surface flow, and retaining sediments. The herbaceous cover exhibited significant biomass production and organic matter content (0.84 g/g of dry matter), which may contribute to increasing the active soil carbon. Although currently removed from the system, grapevine prunings showed a high potential for contributing stable carbon to the soil if reintegrated into the field. Overall, the results suggest that the adopted regenerative management has the potential to promote improvements in soil physical and chemical properties and reduce erosion losses, highlighting it as a promising approach for sustainable viticulture in hillside regions.
This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of erosion control barriers and the effects of conservation practices in a regenerative viticulture system as a strategy to reduce soil loss and improve its physical and chemical properties. Annual soil loss was estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), sediments were collected in the field to determine the particle export rate from the plot over a one-year study period, and soil and vegetation physical and chemical properties were evaluated after the first year of implementing conservation practices. The soil was classified as sandy loam, with high stoniness and low erodibility, showing an average K factor of 0.008 t ha⁻¹/(MJ ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹h⁻¹). The average annual C factor (0.104) indicated an approximate 75% reduction compared to that observed in conventionally managed vineyards. Physical and vegetative barriers proved effective in reducing slope lengths with potential for generating erosive runoff, dissipating the energy of surface flow, and retaining sediments. The herbaceous cover exhibited significant biomass production and organic matter content (0.84 g/g of dry matter), which may contribute to increasing the active soil carbon. Although currently removed from the system, grapevine prunings showed a high potential for contributing stable carbon to the soil if reintegrated into the field. Overall, the results suggest that the adopted regenerative management has the potential to promote improvements in soil physical and chemical properties and reduce erosion losses, highlighting it as a promising approach for sustainable viticulture in hillside regions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Erosão do solo USLE Viticultura regenerativa Vobertura vegetal Barreiras físicas Agricultura de conservação