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Authors
Abstract(s)
O estudo apresentado nesta disserta c~ao de mestrado e constitu do por 2 partes principais:
a primeira onde se apresenta uma instala c~ao experimental e o estudo experimental e
num erico efetuado; a segunda parte se apresenta o dimensionamento e instala c~ao de uma
plataforma met alica que permite a utiliza c~ao segura do equipamento para escoamentos
bif asicos.
A instala c~ao experimental permite v arias con gura c~oes e regimes de escoamentos g asl
quido. Este tipo de escoamento bif asico pode ser encontrado em v arias areas da ind ustria
qu mica, nuclear, petrol fera, entre outros. Neste trabalho, estudou-se apenas o sistema
ar- agua em regime Bubble
ow e em modo co-corrente, ascendente e vertical, este tipo
de regime de escoamento pode ser encontrado em oxigena c~ao da agua, bombas de gas-lift
e borbulhadores. Os par^ametros estudados foram o gradiente de press~ao e a fra c~ao de
vazio. Realizaram-se 30 testes experimentais e seus respectivos num ericos com 6 velocidades
super ciais de l quido variando entre 1;727 102 m=s e 10;360 102 m=s, com
5 velocidades super ciais de g as variando entre 1;243 102 m=s e 2;072 102 m=s. A
tubagem de acr lico utilizada tem um di^ametro interno de 0;032m e um comprimento de
3;56 m. O modelo num erico, que e baseado no modelo de mistura, foi implementado no
software MATLABR
, tendo se efetuado as simula c~oes para as mesmas condi c~oes experimentais
a m de comparar os resultados. A compara c~ao entre os resultados num ericos
e experimentais da fra c~ao de vazio apresentou um desvio abaixo dos 15% para ambos
os m etodos experimentais: fecho s ncrono das v alvulas e rela c~ao de Zuber/Nicklin. E a
compara c~ao para o gradiente de press~ao resultou em um desvio relativo abaixo dos 2%.
Realizou-se tamb em o projeto de adapta c~ao e instala c~ao de uma plataforma met alica para
auxiliar o manuseio seguro do equipamento para escoamentos bif asicos. As altera c~oes
realizadas na plataforma foram: corte no piso, nas colunas, na escada e a modi ca c~ao nos
suportes de xa c~ao com a parede. Estas altera c~oes foram necess arias, pois o novo local
de instala c~ao da plataforma tem uma con gura c~ao diferente do antigo local. Realizou-se
os estudos das tens~oes e deforma c~oes m aximas atrav es dos m etodos de elementos nitos
com o auxilio do software ANSYSR
com o intuito de validar as altera c~oes realizadas.
O deslocamento m aximo encontrado no piso da plataforma foi de 3;37mm com uma
carga est atica distribu da de 300 kg. Instalou-se a plataforma met alica no Laborat orio de
mec^anica de
uidos e hidr aulica. Essa plataforma, corretamente dimensionada, permitiu
a instala c~ao segura do equipamento de escoamento bif asico e o seu posterior manuseio
seguro.
The presented study in this master's thesis consists of two main parts: the rst one where an experimental installation is presented and an experimental and numerical study carried out; the second part presents the dimensioning of a metal platform installation that allows the safe use of equipment for gas-liquid ow. The experimental setup allows for various con gurations and gas-liquid ow regimes. In this work, only the air-water system was studied in the Bubble ow regime and in cocurrent, ascending and vertical mode. The parameters studied were the pressure gradient and the void fraction. 30 experimental and numerical tests were carried out with 6 super cial liquid velocities ranging from 1:722 102m=s to 10:360 102m=s with 5 super cial gas velocities ranging from 1:243 102m=s and 2:072 102m=s. The acrylic pipe used has an inner diameter of 0:032 m and a length of 3:56 m. The numerical model that is based on the mixture model, implemented in MATLABR software, was carried out simulations for the same experimental conditions to compare the results. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results of the void fraction showed an error below 15% for both experimental methods: quick-closing valves method and Zuber/Nicklin relation. And the comparison for the pressure gradient resulted in a relative error below 2%. The adjustments and installation project of a metal platform was also carried out to assist the safe handling of the apparatus/installation of biphasic ows experiment. The main alterations made in the platform were: cut in the oor, in the columns, in the stairs and the modi cation in the xed supports with the wall. These changes were necessary because the new platform installation location has a di erent con guration from the old location. The maximum tensile and deformation studies were carried out using nite element methods with ANSYSR software in order to validate the changes made. The maximum displacement found on the platform oor was 3:37mm with a static load distributed of 300 kg. The metal platform was installed in the laboratory of uid mechanics and hydraulics at IPB. This platform, properly dimensioned, allowed the safe installation of the biphasic ow apparatus and its subsequent safe handling.
The presented study in this master's thesis consists of two main parts: the rst one where an experimental installation is presented and an experimental and numerical study carried out; the second part presents the dimensioning of a metal platform installation that allows the safe use of equipment for gas-liquid ow. The experimental setup allows for various con gurations and gas-liquid ow regimes. In this work, only the air-water system was studied in the Bubble ow regime and in cocurrent, ascending and vertical mode. The parameters studied were the pressure gradient and the void fraction. 30 experimental and numerical tests were carried out with 6 super cial liquid velocities ranging from 1:722 102m=s to 10:360 102m=s with 5 super cial gas velocities ranging from 1:243 102m=s and 2:072 102m=s. The acrylic pipe used has an inner diameter of 0:032 m and a length of 3:56 m. The numerical model that is based on the mixture model, implemented in MATLABR software, was carried out simulations for the same experimental conditions to compare the results. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results of the void fraction showed an error below 15% for both experimental methods: quick-closing valves method and Zuber/Nicklin relation. And the comparison for the pressure gradient resulted in a relative error below 2%. The adjustments and installation project of a metal platform was also carried out to assist the safe handling of the apparatus/installation of biphasic ows experiment. The main alterations made in the platform were: cut in the oor, in the columns, in the stairs and the modi cation in the xed supports with the wall. These changes were necessary because the new platform installation location has a di erent con guration from the old location. The maximum tensile and deformation studies were carried out using nite element methods with ANSYSR software in order to validate the changes made. The maximum displacement found on the platform oor was 3:37mm with a static load distributed of 300 kg. The metal platform was installed in the laboratory of uid mechanics and hydraulics at IPB. This platform, properly dimensioned, allowed the safe installation of the biphasic ow apparatus and its subsequent safe handling.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Escoamento bifásico Modelo de mistura Gradiente de pressão Instalação experimental Análise estrutural