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Partial occlusion in facial expression recognition: a systematic literature review

datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Ana Sofia
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Júlio Castro
dc.contributor.authorVieira, João
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Rui Pedro
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-02T11:05:51Z
dc.date.available2026-03-02T11:05:51Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThis study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) examining Facial Expression Recognition (FER) under partial occlusion conditions. Analyzing a diverse array of studies, it identifies prevalent methodologies and challenges within the field. The review reveals a significant use of Gabor filters for feature extraction and classification, highlighting their efficiency in FER research. Additionally, black patches emerge as the primary method for simulating occlusions, which reflects the scarcity of datasets containing such occlusions. The complexity of FER under occlusion conditions is highlighted by the inconclusive findings on the relative importance of facial regions like the mouth and eyes in expression recognition. The results point to the need for more research to comprehend the complex role of different facial regions in conveying emotions. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of developing larger and more diverse datasets, that encompass a broader range of facial expressions and occlusion types, to advance the development and evaluation of FER systems in real-world scenarios.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CeDRI, UIDB/05757/2020 (DOI:10.54499/UIDB/05757/2020) and UIDP/05757/2020 (DOI:10.54499/UIDP/05757/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020).
dc.identifier.citationRodrigues, Ana Sofia; Lopes, Júlio Castro; Vieira, João; Lopes, Rui Pedro (2025). Partial occlusion in facial expression recognition: a systematic literature review. In 3rd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Reality, ICIR 2024. p. 1-8. DOI: 10.1109/64558.2024.10976805
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/64558.2024.10976805
dc.identifier.isbn979-833153442-4
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35904
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
dc.relationResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
dc.relationResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartof2024 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Reality (ICIR)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectComputer Vision
dc.subjectFacial Expression Recogni- tion
dc.subjectOcclusion
dc.subjectPartial Occlusion
dc.subjectSystematic Literature Review
dc.titlePartial occlusion in facial expression recognition: a systematic literature revieweng
dc.typeconference paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/05757/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/05757/2020
oaire.awardNumberLA/P/0007/2020
oaire.awardTitleResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
oaire.awardTitleResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05757%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F05757%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage8
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.title3rd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Reality, ICIR 2024
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLopes
person.familyNameLopes
person.givenNameJúlio Castro
person.givenNameRui Pedro
person.identifier.ciencia-idCC12-FD7E-D0BC
person.identifier.ciencia-id8E14-54E4-4DB5
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9170-5078
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationab47fc12-ad28-436e-8bc6-a7f6359750e2
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione1e64423-0ec8-46ee-be96-33205c7c98a9
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryab47fc12-ad28-436e-8bc6-a7f6359750e2
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