ESTiG - Publicações em Proceedings Indexadas à WoS/Scopus
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- An insight into the adjustments for changes in costs formula for construction contracts attending real planningPublication . Oliveira, Rui; Abreu, Maria Isabel; Lopes, Jorge; .A gestão de custos das empreitadas de construção tem exigido cada vez maior rigor, utilizando metodologias ajustáveis às diversidades das mudanças conjunturais. As flutuações de preços, sobretudo nas subidas de preços ao nível dos materiais de construção, por efeitos da instável conjuntura de mercado, exigem planeamento e tomadas de decisão que começam no projeto. Em muitos casos o planeamento é feito considerando apenas o presente, mas no decurso das obras surgem imprevistos e diversos fatores externos, que em muitos casos não permitem a nível burocrático mudanças processuais, desencadeando problemas de gestão e prejuízos. A revisão de preços aplicável às empreitadas atende à atualização de preços com base nos índices atualizados de materiais, mão-de-obra e de equipamentos, mas em determinadas fases da obra não compensam a real e efetiva subida dos preços de alguns materiais, pois é feita com base numa média entre os materiais mais significativos presentes na empreitada, distribuídos pelo prazo da empreitada. Há cerca de um ano foi criado o regime excecional aplicável à revisão de preços, e cuja aplicação foi prolongada até Dezembro deste ano e estendida a outras atividades. Esta alteração contempla a possibilidade de os interessados apresentarem correção ou alteração da aplicação do regime de revisão de preços, quando a vigente esteja desajustada às especificidades da empreitada ou quando a mesma seja omissa no caderno de encargos. O novo regime permite esse ajuste, mas futuramente tal poderá não ser possível, pelo que o desenho das fórmulas de revisão de preços deve atender a particularidades das obras e prever eventuais constrangimentos, podendo tirar-se ensinamentos com a atual inflação de preços. O artigo pretende apresentar fórmulas presentes em obras de empreitadas e a proposta de eventuais soluções, procedimentos e ajustes a essas fórmulas atendendo ao planeamento previsto para as mesmas, de modo que a sua aplicação no cálculo pelas fórmulas atenda aos materiais efetivamente aplicados em datas especificas, situação frequentemente negligenciada. O estabelecimento de comparações entre as diversas empreitadas objeto de estudo permitem conhecer as compensações financeiras aos empreiteiros nas diferentes situações estudadas, estendendo-se as comparações com a subida de preços ocorrida nos materiais.
- Integrating SolidWorks, LabVIEW, and Arduino in Robotics EducationPublication . Coelho, João Paulo; Coelho, J. A. B.; Gonçalves, JoséThis paper explores the integration of SolidWorks, LabVIEW, and Arduino as a comprehensive and cost-effective approach to teaching robotics to undergraduate students. In scenarios where real hardware is unavailable or prohibitively expensive, this methodology offers significant advantages. SolidWorks enables students to design and simulate robotic components in a virtual environment, fostering a deep understanding of mechanical design and engineering principles. LabVIEW provides an intuitive graphical interface for programming and control, allowing students to develop and test their algorithms. Finally, Arduino, as an open-source hardware platform, bridges the gap between virtual simulations and physical implementation, offering a hands-on experience with minimal financial investment. Together, these tools create a robust educational framework that enhances theoretical knowledge through practical application, encourages innovation, and prepares students for real-world engineering challenges. The paper concludes that this integrated approach not only mitigates the limitations of resource constraints but also enriches the learning experience by providing a versatile and accessible platform for robotics education.
- Trends on Gamification, Generative AI, Multidisciplinary Technological Resources, Engineering Education, New Trends in Mechatronics, Diversity Gap in STEM, Laboratories in STEM Education at TEEM 2023Publication . Arnedo-Moreno, Joan; González-González, Carina; Alier, Marc; Casañ Guerrero, María José; Amo Filvà, Daniel; Juanes Méndez, Juan A.; Marcos Pablos, Samuel; Jorge, Joaquim Armando; Viegas, Clara; Lima, Natércia; Pozzo, María Isabel; Gonçalves, José; Lima, José; Costa, Paulo; García-Holgado, Alicia; González-González, Carina Soledad; Dominguez, Angeles; Marques, Arcelina; Alves, Gustavo; Bento da Silva, JuarezThis document presents the Tacks summary of Trends on Gamification, Generative AI, Multidisciplinary Technological Resources, Engineering Education, New Trends in Mechatronics, Diversity Gap in STEM, Laboratories in STEM Education at TEEM 2023, which was held in Bragança (Portugal) from October 25–27. These sessions were held as tracks of the International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’23)
- Learning Mobile Robotics: An Approach Based on a Classroom CompetitionPublication . Brancalião, Laiany Suganuma; Alvarez, Mariano José; Coelho, João Paulo; Conde, Miguel; Costa, Paulo; Gonçalves, JoséRobotic competitions have been popularly applied in the educational context, proving to be an excellent method for fostering student engagement and interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). In this context, this paper presents the application of mobile robots in a classroom competition, in order to encourage students to enhance mobile robotics concepts learning in a dynamic and collaborative environment. The mobile robot prototyping is presented, and the methodology, including the Hardware-in-the-loop approach applied in the classrooms, is also described, together with the competition rules and challenges proposed for the students. The results indicated an improvement in students’ motivation, teamwork, communication, and the development of technical skills, computational thinking, and problem-solving
- Actuators with Force Feedback: A Literature Review in the Scope of Educational, Academic, and Industrial ApplicationsPublication . Alvarez, Mariano José; Brancalião, Laiany Suganuma; Coelho, João Paulo; Carneiro, Jorge; Lopes, Ricardo; Costa, Paulo; Gonçalves, JoséForce sensors are essential elements of actuator systems, providing measurement and force control in different domains. This literature review discusses its applications in the industry, academic research, and educational domains. In an industrial setup, force sensors enhance efficiency, safety, and reliability within automation systems, predominantly robotic arms and assembly lines. In the academic environment, using such sensors fosters innovation within robotics and biomechanical studies, allowing for testing theoretical models and new methodologies. In education, force sensors help students understand basic concepts about mechanics and robotics from practical work. Understanding this diverse application allows one to design effective actuator systems, promoting technological advances and improved learning experiences. With this literary review, the aim is to gain an understanding of the state of the art in force sensor actuators applied in various areas, such as academia, education, and industry.
- Simulation Model of a Time of Flight Distance Sensor Using SimTwoPublication . Brancalião, Laiany Suganuma; Alvarez, Mariano José; Conde, Miguel; Costa, Paulo; Gonçalves, JoséThis paper presents a simulation model of a Time of Flight distance sensor applying SimTwo robotics simulator in order to contribute to a mobile robotics application, in an educational context. The objective is to observe the sensor behavior, inside the simulation environment, face a set of experiments, such as an abrupt difference of distance, several angle inclinations and measurements to the maximum sensor range. The tests were performed using SimTwo being a high performance, open source, versatile, real time simulation environment, in which is possible to configure an specific sensor adding its features, which allows to achieve a realistic simulation. The results represented the expected sensor behavior for the proposed scenarios.
- Cost-Oriented Prototyping of a Soil Moisture Sensor for Precision AgriculturePublication . Gomes, Leinira Monteiro; Gonçalves, José; Coelho, João PauloThe fourth industrial revolution is based on the production process’s digitisation to promote traceability, reduction of waste and decision support. This transition from the physical to the information domain requires, besides the process’s digital representation, sensors and transducers capable of capturing the system states. In the case of agricultural processes, due to the heterogeneity of production conditions, as well as the large area in which it takes place, physical characterisation often requires a large number of sensors spread over several hectares. This fact makes the economic costs associated with the digitisation of agriculture a very relevant aspect. In particular, if robust and precise sensors are to be deployed. Within this reference frame, this paper describes the approach taken to develop low-cost sensors capable of measuring soil moisture at three different depths. Robustness is achieved through the use of materials with high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance and both accuracy and repeatability are accomplished by using a signal conditioning strategy based on a programmable analogue front-end. Details about the methodology used are presented throughout the article.
- Robustness Increase of a Ceramics Finishing Prototype: Towards Meeting Industry RequisitesPublication . Alvarez, Mariano José; Brancalião, Laiany Suganuma; Carneiro, Jorge; Costa, Paulo; Coelho, João Paulo; Gonçalves, JoséThis paper presents the development of a polishing prototype with a rotating sponge to be applied in the automation of a finishing process for the ceramic industry, focusing on increasing mechanical robustness. The prototype includes an AC motor, encoder, microcontroller, motor drive, and a collaborative robot to assist in the tests. Validation experiments related to the speed and force control were performed followed by the trajectory control tests using pieces printed using 3D printing technology to simulate the ceramic pieces. The results were satisfactory and showed a good performance of the polishing prototype, being this a good teaching aid tool to assist in the teaching and practical classes of mechatronics.
- Fostering STEAM for Inclusive LearningPublication . Conde, Miguel Ángel; Rodríguez-Sedano, Francisco Jesús; Gonçalves, José; García-Peñalvo, Francisco JoséIn contemporary society, there is a growing demand for professionals with the essential skills required in the 21st century. The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) disciplines have emerged as pivotal in facilitating the acquisition of these skills. Indeed, these disciplines have exhibited their capacity to enhance workforce performance and fortify a nation's innovation potential, emphasizing the critical need to promote STEAM education among students and integrate it into existing educational curricula. Nonetheless, the inclusion of students with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) in these disciplines presents formidable challenges. These challenges can be attributed to prevailing low expectations regarding the potential of disabled individuals to excel in STEAM fields, the inaccessibility of STEAM education curricula, and the limitations that educators face in fully supporting the integration of students with disabilities. In response to these challenges, we introduce the RoboSTEAMSEN project. The principal objective of the RoboSTEAMSEN project is to bolster educational processes by equipping teachers working with students with IDD with methodologies and tools that employ Robotics and Active Learning Methodologies to promote STEAM education. The project's overarching goals encompass comprehending the specific needs of disabled students and adapting robotics and active learning techniques to accommodate various disabilities, designing comprehensive training programs for teachers to enable them to individualize the learning experiences of students with IDD, establishing a community of practice supported by a technological ecosystem that serves as a central hub for educators and decision-makers to engage in discourse on how to achieve success in STEAM education for IDD students. The primary outcome of this project will be the enhancement of STEAM education for students with IDD. To achieve this objective, we will develop a taxonomy for the categorization of resources tailored to this demographic, institute a user model for personalized learning, generate guides, resources, and courses for teachers, formulate workshop models for the wider dissemination of project findings, and establish a technological ecosystem to facilitate a thriving community of practice dedicated to this important educational domain
- Analysis of DC-DC converters for integrated photovoltaic solar-powered electric bus charging systemsPublication . Forigo, Paula; Soares, OrlandoThis article presents a theoretical study and validation of the feasibility of integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems to charge electric vehicles, with a focus on an electric bus as the model for analysis. The work further explores the design of an energy conversion system employing DC-DC converters, analyzing various converter types and configurations to maximize energy transfer efficiency. The study identifies optimal converter topologies and control strategies to enhance system performance. Finally, the proposed models are validated through simulations in Matlab/Simulink, incorporating lithium-ion batteries as the energy storage system. The article aims to demonstrate how integrating photovoltaic energy into electric vehicle charging can serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution, offering practical insights for improving energy efficiency in public transportation systems.