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Aproveitamento de águas pluviais em edifícios escolares com coberturas verdes ou convencionais: contributos para uma drenagem urbana sustentável
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| 3.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A água é um recurso essencial para a vida e o desenvolvimento sustentável, mas a sua escassez, agravada pelo crescimento populacional, urbanização e mudanças climáticas, representa um desafio global. Soluções como os sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais (SAAP) e as coberturas verdes (CV) emergem como estratégias promissoras promovendo benefícios ambientais, sociais e econômicos.
Assim, este estudo avaliou o consumo de água em dois edifícios escolares em Bragança (Portugal), propondo medidas de eficiência hídrica por meio da implementação de SAAP, CV, integração dessas tecnologias e substituição das torneiras existentes por modelos mais eficientes. O Centro Escolar de Santa Maria (CESMaria) consome 2.820,2 m³/ano de água no período com rega, e o Centro Escolar da Sé (CESé), 5.260,5 m³/ano.
O Cenário 1 (substituição de torneiras) mostrou-se a opção mais viável a curto prazo, com retorno do investimento em 1 ano, reduzindo o consumo de água em aproximadamente 30% e gerando economias anuais de cerca de 3.700 € + IVA em ambos os edifícios escolares. Já o Cenário 3 (combinação de torneiras eficientes e SAAP em coberturas convencionais (CC)), mostrou-se ideal a longo prazo, com reduções de consumo de até 60% e economias anuais superiores a 7.000 € + IVA, com retorno do investimento em 8 (CESMaria) e 7 anos (CESé).
Outros cenários, que variam a proporção de CV e combinam SAAP com torneiras eficientes, também apresentaram reduções de consumo (até 58,83% no CESMaria e 60,73% no CESé) e economias financeiras (25%-60%).
As CC mostraram maior eficiência na captação de água, com 93,84% de aproveitamento no CESMaria e 94,65% no CESé, utilizando reservatórios de 60 m³ e 70 m³, respectivamente. Já as CV’s reduziram a captação para 70%-90% devido à retenção de água pela vegetação, retendo entre 18,8% e 37,5% da água da chuva.
Logo, as propostas promovem gestão hídrica sustentável, alinhando-se a objetivos econômicos e ambientais.
Water is an essential resource for life and sustainable development, but its scarcity, aggravated by population growth, urbanization and climate change, represents a global challenge. Solutions such as rainwater harvesting systems (SAAP) and green roofs (CV) are emerging as promising strategies promoting environmental, social and economic benefits. Therefore, this study evaluated water consumption in two school buildings in Bragança (Portugal), proposing water efficiency measures through the implementation of SAAP, CV, the integration of these technologies and the replacement of existing taps with more efficient models. The Santa Maria School Center (CESMaria) consumes 2,820.2 m³/year of water during the irrigation period, and the Sé School Center (CESé), 5,260.5 m³/year. Scenario 1 (replacing taps) proved to be the most viable option in the short term, with a return on investment in 1 year, reducing water consumption by approximately 30% and generating annual savings of around €3,700 + VAT in both school buildings. Scenario 3 (combination of efficient taps and SAAP on conventional roofs (CC)) proved to be ideal in the long term, with consumption reductions of up to 60% and annual savings of over €7,000 + VAT, with a return on investment in 8 (CESMaria) and 7 years (CESé). Other scenarios, which vary the proportion of CV and combine SAAP with efficient taps, also showed reductions in consumption (up to 58.83% in CESMaria and 60.73% in CESé) and financial savings (25%-60%). The CCs showed greater efficiency in water collection, with 93.84% utilization at CESMaria and 94.65% at CESé, using 60 m³ and 70 m³ reservoirs, respectively. The CVs, on the other hand, reduced water collection to 70%-90% due to water retention by vegetation, retaining between 18.8% and 37.5% of rainwater. The proposals therefore promote sustainable water management, in line with economic and environmental objectives.
Water is an essential resource for life and sustainable development, but its scarcity, aggravated by population growth, urbanization and climate change, represents a global challenge. Solutions such as rainwater harvesting systems (SAAP) and green roofs (CV) are emerging as promising strategies promoting environmental, social and economic benefits. Therefore, this study evaluated water consumption in two school buildings in Bragança (Portugal), proposing water efficiency measures through the implementation of SAAP, CV, the integration of these technologies and the replacement of existing taps with more efficient models. The Santa Maria School Center (CESMaria) consumes 2,820.2 m³/year of water during the irrigation period, and the Sé School Center (CESé), 5,260.5 m³/year. Scenario 1 (replacing taps) proved to be the most viable option in the short term, with a return on investment in 1 year, reducing water consumption by approximately 30% and generating annual savings of around €3,700 + VAT in both school buildings. Scenario 3 (combination of efficient taps and SAAP on conventional roofs (CC)) proved to be ideal in the long term, with consumption reductions of up to 60% and annual savings of over €7,000 + VAT, with a return on investment in 8 (CESMaria) and 7 years (CESé). Other scenarios, which vary the proportion of CV and combine SAAP with efficient taps, also showed reductions in consumption (up to 58.83% in CESMaria and 60.73% in CESé) and financial savings (25%-60%). The CCs showed greater efficiency in water collection, with 93.84% utilization at CESMaria and 94.65% at CESé, using 60 m³ and 70 m³ reservoirs, respectively. The CVs, on the other hand, reduced water collection to 70%-90% due to water retention by vegetation, retaining between 18.8% and 37.5% of rainwater. The proposals therefore promote sustainable water management, in line with economic and environmental objectives.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Eficiência hídrica Aproveitamento de águas pluviais Coberturas verdes Edifícios escolares Sustentabilidade