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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O crescimento das instituições de ensino superior exponenciado pela globalização fez despoletar nas academias o surgimento de novos grupos associativos como, por exemplo, as Tunas Universitárias e Estudantinas. Portugal, Espanha, Chile, Peru, México, Canadá e Colômbia são os países que mais tradição tunae apresentam nas suas academias. Desde instituições públicas a privadas, efetivamente, existe um número de Tunas e Estudantinas em algumas das instituições de ensino superior desses países. A presente pesquisa visa, de um modo geral, apresentar um estudo comparativo de duas Tunas Universitárias – a RaussTuna – Tuna Mista de Bragança (TMB), do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), Portugal e a Tuna de la Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru. O interesse pela temática teve que ver com a importância da diversidade cultural nas instituições de ensino superior, mas também no contexto das Tunas que, cada vez mais, se afirmam como espaços multiculturais, abertos e inclusivos. A pesquisa é realizada com suporte na metodologia de estudo de caso múltiplo do tipo descrito uma vez que se estudam dois casos, designadamente, as duas Tunas anteriormente identificadas. Adotam-se como instrumentos de recolha de dados a observação participante, sendo que todas as notas são registadas em diário de investigador, por via das tecnologias síncronas e assíncronas. Para além deste instrumento, recorre-se à entrevista semiestruturada realizada a uma amostra de membros que integram as duas Tunas. Uma vez que a investigação é de natureza qualitativa, a análise dos dados é também de caráter qualitativo, neste caso, é realizada uma análise de conteúdo, incidindo especialmente nas diferenças culturais entre as duas Tunas. Neste sentido, são criadas três categorias principais que permitem efetuar esta análise, designadamente: traje, festivais e música. Os resultados sugerem que as duas Tunas têm uma identidade própria, com valores e tradições únicos e com pontos em comum também na sua cultura. Assim, a primeira categoria – traje - este reflete um pouco da influência das Tunas de origem espanhola na América do sul. Assim como o utilizado em Portugal, o traje é composto por casaco, calções, calça, saias, sapatos e, diferentemente, às tunas Portuguesas, contam com uma faixa colorida colocada nos ombros que pode representar a universidade, curso ou ate a tuna. Também a capa tem os emblemas cozidos para o lado de fora, os quais indicam apenas lugares e países que o integrante frequentou com a Tuna. A segunda categoria – festivais - os festivais no Peru geralmente têm 2 dias de concurso, e contam com noite de serenatas e passa-calhes semelhante aos festivais portugueses. Entretanto os concursos são mais concorridos, tendo em vista que até 8 tunas podem concorrer num único festival. Além dos prémios mais comuns em Portugal, como o de melhor instrumental e porta-estandarte (bandeiras), os festivais também contam com prémios de primeiro, segundo e terceiro lugar de melhor tuna em palco. Por fim, os festivais na sua maioria não costumam ter temáticas, diferentemente dos certames portugueses. Na terceira categoria – música – as músicas executadas são temas originais e canções vindas de países que falam espanhol. Por conta disso, nos repertórios, há muitas músicas vindas da Espanha e dos próprios países sul americanos. Há, inclusive algumas Tunas, que constam no repertório da RaussTuna, como o “Hoy estoy aqui” e “Madalena”. Os instrumentos mais comuns das duas Tunas são a guitarra, cajón, pandeireta, contrabaixo, sendo que as tunas sul-americanas também contam com alaude, bandolin de 10 cordas e guitarron Mexicano.
The growth of higher education institutions exponentialized by globalization has triggered the emergence of new associative groups in academies, such as the University Tunas and Student Tunas. Portugal, Spain, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Canada, and Colombia are the countries that have the most Tunas tradition in their academies. From public to private institutions, there are effectively a number of Tunas and Estudantinas in some of the higher education institutions of these countries. The present research aims, in general, to present a comparative study of two University Tunas - the RaussTuna - Tuna Mista de Bragança (TMB), from the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Portugal and the Tuna de la Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru. The interest for the theme had to do with the importance of cultural diversity in higher education institutions, but also in the context of the Tunas that are increasingly asserting themselves as multicultural, open and inclusive spaces. The research is carried out with support from the methodology of multiple case study of the type described, since two cases are studied, namely the two Tunas identified above. Participant observation is adopted as an instrument of data collection, and all notes are recorded in a researcher's diary, by means of synchronous and asynchronous technologies. In addition to this instrument, semi-structured interviews are used with a sample of members of the two Tunas. Since the research is of a qualitative nature, the data analysis is also of a qualitative nature; in this case, a content analysis is carried out, focusing especially on the cultural differences between the two Tunas. In this sense, three main categories are created that allow this analysis to be carried out, namely: costume, festivals and music. The results suggest that the two Tunas have their own identity, with unique values and traditions and also with common points in their culture. Thus, the first category - costume - reflects some of the influence of the Tunas of Spanish origin in South America. Like the one used in Portugal, the costume is composed of jacket, shorts, pants, skirts, shoes and, differently from the Portuguese tunas, they have a colored strip placed on the shoulders that can represent the university, course or even the tuna. Also the cape has the emblems boiled on the outside, which indicate only places and countries that the member has attended with the Tuna. The second category - festivals - the festivals in Peru usually have 2 days of competitions, and have a serenade night and "passar-calhes" similar to the Portuguese festivals. However, the competitions are more competitive, since up to 8 tunas can compete in a single festival. Besides the most common awards in Portugal, such as best instrumental and flag bearer, the festivals also have first, second and third place awards for best tuna on stage. Finally, the festivals in their majority do not usually have themes, unlike the Portuguese contests. In the third category - music - the songs performed are original themes and songs from Spanish speaking countries. Because of this, in the repertoire, there are many songs from Spain and from South American countries. There are even some Tunas, which are in the repertoire of the RaussTuna, such as "Hoy estoy aqui" and "Madalena". The most common instruments in the two Tunas are the guitar, cajón, tambourine, double bass, and the South American tunas also feature the alaude, 10-string mandolin, and Mexican guitarron
The growth of higher education institutions exponentialized by globalization has triggered the emergence of new associative groups in academies, such as the University Tunas and Student Tunas. Portugal, Spain, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Canada, and Colombia are the countries that have the most Tunas tradition in their academies. From public to private institutions, there are effectively a number of Tunas and Estudantinas in some of the higher education institutions of these countries. The present research aims, in general, to present a comparative study of two University Tunas - the RaussTuna - Tuna Mista de Bragança (TMB), from the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Portugal and the Tuna de la Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru. The interest for the theme had to do with the importance of cultural diversity in higher education institutions, but also in the context of the Tunas that are increasingly asserting themselves as multicultural, open and inclusive spaces. The research is carried out with support from the methodology of multiple case study of the type described, since two cases are studied, namely the two Tunas identified above. Participant observation is adopted as an instrument of data collection, and all notes are recorded in a researcher's diary, by means of synchronous and asynchronous technologies. In addition to this instrument, semi-structured interviews are used with a sample of members of the two Tunas. Since the research is of a qualitative nature, the data analysis is also of a qualitative nature; in this case, a content analysis is carried out, focusing especially on the cultural differences between the two Tunas. In this sense, three main categories are created that allow this analysis to be carried out, namely: costume, festivals and music. The results suggest that the two Tunas have their own identity, with unique values and traditions and also with common points in their culture. Thus, the first category - costume - reflects some of the influence of the Tunas of Spanish origin in South America. Like the one used in Portugal, the costume is composed of jacket, shorts, pants, skirts, shoes and, differently from the Portuguese tunas, they have a colored strip placed on the shoulders that can represent the university, course or even the tuna. Also the cape has the emblems boiled on the outside, which indicate only places and countries that the member has attended with the Tuna. The second category - festivals - the festivals in Peru usually have 2 days of competitions, and have a serenade night and "passar-calhes" similar to the Portuguese festivals. However, the competitions are more competitive, since up to 8 tunas can compete in a single festival. Besides the most common awards in Portugal, such as best instrumental and flag bearer, the festivals also have first, second and third place awards for best tuna on stage. Finally, the festivals in their majority do not usually have themes, unlike the Portuguese contests. In the third category - music - the songs performed are original themes and songs from Spanish speaking countries. Because of this, in the repertoire, there are many songs from Spain and from South American countries. There are even some Tunas, which are in the repertoire of the RaussTuna, such as "Hoy estoy aqui" and "Madalena". The most common instruments in the two Tunas are the guitar, cajón, tambourine, double bass, and the South American tunas also feature the alaude, 10-string mandolin, and Mexican guitarron
Description
Keywords
Diferenças culturais Estudantinas Identidade Tunas universitárias
Citation
Presotto, Pedro; Antunes, Mateus; Afonso, Vera; Gonçalves, Bruno F. (2023). As Tunas Portuguesas e Sul Americanas: aspetos culturais diferenciadores. In Clarisse Pais; Bruno F. Gonçalves; Vitor Gonçalves (Eds.) III Jornadas Internacionais de Tunas (JiT23). Bragança
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Bragança