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Influência da aplicação de cinza na produção e exportação de nutrientes pelo trevo-encarnado e aveia
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Os fertilizantes são substâncias minerais ou orgânicas, que fornecem um ou mais nutrientes ao solo. O uso de fertilizantes tem contribuído para o aumento da produção de alimentos. Não obstante, o uso excessivo pode levar à degradação dos solos e à redução da sua produtividade, podendo comprometer a segurança alimentar. Nos anos recentes, tem havido um esforço na utilização de fertilizantes que possam causar menor dano ambiental e ser um complemento à fertilização convencional. As cinzas têm sido indicadas como alternativas ecológicas na gestão da fertilidade do solo. A cinza é um produto inorgânico obtido durante o processo de combustão, responsável pela maior ou menor sublimação dos componentes químicos, e da adoção da requeima parcial ou total da biomassa vegetal. A cinza possui composição que inclui compostos inorgânicos capazes de proporcionar efeitos benéficos nas plantas, especialmente em solos com maior limitação em nutrientes. O presente trabalho foi realizado em Bragança no período compreendido entre outubro de 2024 e maio de 2025. Teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da aplicação de cinza na produção e exportação de nutrientes pelo trevo-encarnado e aveia. A experiência foi realizada em vasos, ao ar livre. O delineamento experimental foi organizado de forma completamente casualizada com três repetições.
Foram incluídos os tratamentos: Cinza; Composto orgânico; Nitrato de amónio; Cinza + Nitrato de amónio; e Testemunha. A cinza foi aplicada à razão de 5 t ha-1. O composto e o nitrato de amónio foram aplicados em doses correspondentes a 60 kg N ha-1. As principais etapas do protocolo experimental foram a preparação dos vasos, a adubação de fundo, a sementeira, a adubação de cobertura, a colheita e preparação das amostras de plantas e de solo e a análise laboratorial. A aplicação das cinzas aumentou os teores de fósforo e potássio no solo para além de elevar a disponibilidade de azoto para as culturas.
Na cultura do trevo, aplicação de cinzas resultou em maior rendimento em matéria seca e, consequentemente, maior exportação de macronutrientes em comparação aos tratamentos que receberam nitrato de amónio. Na aveia, maiores rendimentos de matéria seca foram conseguidos com a aplicação de nitrato de amónio, porém as cinzas obtiveram
rendimentos mais altos de matéria seca e de exportação de macronutrientes em relação aos tratamentos que receberam composto orgânico e a testemunha. De modo geral, a aplicação de cinza promoveu alterações significativas no pH do solo, elevando-o para valores a volta de 7,1, o que revela eficácia na correção da acidez e impacto positivo na
melhoria da reação do solo. O estudo demonstrou que as cinzas podem ser uma alternativa sustentável para a agricultura, pois melhoram a fertilidade do solo e impulsionam a produtividade das culturas.
Fertilizers are mineral or organic substances that provide one or more nutrients to the soil. Their use has contributed significantly to the increase in food production. However, excessive application can lead to soil degradation and a decline in productivity, potentially threatening food security. In recent years, efforts have been made to adopt fertilizers that pose less environmental harm and serve as a complement to conventional fertilization practices. Ashes have been identified as environmentally friendly alternatives for managing soil fertility. Ash is an inorganic product obtained during the combustion process, responsible for the greater or lesser sublimation of chemical components, and for the adoption of partial or total re-burning of plant biomass. The ash has a composition that includes inorganic compounds capable of providing beneficial effects on plants, especially in soils poor in essential nutrients. This study was carried out in Bragança between October 2024 and May 2025. Its objective was to evaluate the influence of ash application on the production and export of nutrients by Crimson clover and oats. The experiment was conducted in pots, outdoors. The experimental design was organized in a completely randomized manner with three repetitions. The treatments included: Ash; Organic compost; Ammonium nitrate; Ash + Ammonium nitrate; and Control. The ash was applied at a rate of 5 t ha-1. The compound and ammonium nitrate were applied in doses corresponding to 60 kg N ha-1. The main stapes of the experimental protocol were the preparation of the pots, the basal fertilization, the sowing, the top dressing, the harvesting, and the preparation of plant and soil samples, and the laboratory analysis. The application of ashes increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in the soil in addition to enhancing the availability of nitrogen for the crops. In the subterranean clover, the application of ash resulted in higher dry matter yield and consequently, greater export of macronutrients compared to treatments that received ammonium nitrate. In oats, higher dry matter yields were achieved with the application of ammonium nitrate. However, the ashes resulted in higher yields of dry matter and macronutrient export compared to treatments that received organic compost and the control. In general, the application of ash led to significant changes in soil pH, raising it to around 7.1. This indicates its effectiveness in correcting soil acidity and highlights a positive impact on improving soil reaction. The study demonstrated that ash can be a sustainable alternative for agriculture, as it improves soil fertility and boost crop productivity.
Fertilizers are mineral or organic substances that provide one or more nutrients to the soil. Their use has contributed significantly to the increase in food production. However, excessive application can lead to soil degradation and a decline in productivity, potentially threatening food security. In recent years, efforts have been made to adopt fertilizers that pose less environmental harm and serve as a complement to conventional fertilization practices. Ashes have been identified as environmentally friendly alternatives for managing soil fertility. Ash is an inorganic product obtained during the combustion process, responsible for the greater or lesser sublimation of chemical components, and for the adoption of partial or total re-burning of plant biomass. The ash has a composition that includes inorganic compounds capable of providing beneficial effects on plants, especially in soils poor in essential nutrients. This study was carried out in Bragança between October 2024 and May 2025. Its objective was to evaluate the influence of ash application on the production and export of nutrients by Crimson clover and oats. The experiment was conducted in pots, outdoors. The experimental design was organized in a completely randomized manner with three repetitions. The treatments included: Ash; Organic compost; Ammonium nitrate; Ash + Ammonium nitrate; and Control. The ash was applied at a rate of 5 t ha-1. The compound and ammonium nitrate were applied in doses corresponding to 60 kg N ha-1. The main stapes of the experimental protocol were the preparation of the pots, the basal fertilization, the sowing, the top dressing, the harvesting, and the preparation of plant and soil samples, and the laboratory analysis. The application of ashes increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in the soil in addition to enhancing the availability of nitrogen for the crops. In the subterranean clover, the application of ash resulted in higher dry matter yield and consequently, greater export of macronutrients compared to treatments that received ammonium nitrate. In oats, higher dry matter yields were achieved with the application of ammonium nitrate. However, the ashes resulted in higher yields of dry matter and macronutrient export compared to treatments that received organic compost and the control. In general, the application of ash led to significant changes in soil pH, raising it to around 7.1. This indicates its effectiveness in correcting soil acidity and highlights a positive impact on improving soil reaction. The study demonstrated that ash can be a sustainable alternative for agriculture, as it improves soil fertility and boost crop productivity.
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Keywords
Fertilização orgânica Fertilização mineral Trifolium incarnatum Avena sativa