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Abstract(s)
Impacte pode ser definido como qualquer alteração, prejudicial ou benéfica, total ou parcialmente vinculada aos aspetos (atividades, produtos ou serviços) de uma organização. Para a grande maioria das atividades industriais existe uma forte ligação entre a produção de águas residuais e a geração de impactes. No entanto, avaliar quantitativamente a forma como vários impactes podem ser prejudiciais para a sustentabilidade de uma organização, não tende a ser um desafio simples.
Por essa razão, tem-se recorrido ao uso de indicadores que podem ser entendidos como meios de medir ou quantificar o grau de cumprimento de requisitos estabelecidos, quer sejam simples ou compostos, mostrando-se como ferramentas de grande relevância, visto que a sua aplicabilidade permite a avaliação do desempenho económico, social, desenvolvimento tecnológico e ambiental.
Ainda assim, existem casos em que, o uso de indicadores associados aos aspetos de uma entidade não permite uma clara compreensão do quão impactante pode ser um determinado processo o que torna difícil, uma avaliação abrangente das dimensões que este impacte atinge.
Neste contexto, no presente trabalho foi realizada a construção de um Índice Global de Sustentabilidade, 𝐼𝐺𝑆, com base na agregação de um conjunto de 19 indicadores de natureza económica, ambiental e social, aplicado a um sistema de tratamento de águas residuais de uma agroindústria brasileira do ramo de abate de suínos.
Os indicadores foram quantificados mediante informações primárias recolhidas junto da empresa com base na composição do efluente à entrada e saída do sistema e com dados complementares presentes na literatura, sendo que para a construção do índice, foi realizada uma ponderação dos indicadores e das dimensões por meio da opinião de especialistas em resposta a um questionário que seguiu o Processo de Hierarquia Analítica (PHA) .
Além disso, foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre o sistema de tratamento instalado na empresa e um processo alternativo que utiliza da eletrocoagulação, por meio da aplicação do índice global de sustentabilidade a cada um dos sistemas.
Os resultados da avaliação retornaram para o sistema atual uma sustentabilidade económica (𝑆𝐸𝐶) de 0,839, uma sustentabilidade ambiental (𝑆𝐴𝑀𝐵) de 0,492, uma sustentabilidade social (𝑆𝑆𝑂𝐶) de 0,685 e um índice global de sustentabilidade (𝐼𝐺𝑆) de 0,665. Já para o sistema alternativo os valores obtidos foram 0,161, para 𝑆𝐸𝐶, 0,508 para 𝑆𝐴𝑀𝐵, 0,315 para 𝑆𝑆𝑂𝐶, e 0,335 para o 𝐼𝐺𝑆, indicando que o sistema utilizado pela empresa é mais sustentável quando comparado com o modelo de eletrocoagulação aplicado à escala industrial.
Com este estudo acredita-se que poderão ser ampliadas as possibilidades para uma avaliação multidimensional de vários sistemas de tratamento de efluentes do setor de atividade estudado ou de outro qualquer.
An impact is defined as a positive or a negative and a total or partial alteration in the environment, which is associated with aspects (activities, products or services) in one organization. For most of industrial activities, there is a link between wastewater production and environmental impacts generated. However, to apply a quantitative assessment on how several impacts may be harmful for the sustainability of an organization is not a simple task. In this context, there are several methodologies that make use of indicators which are a way to quantify the compliance rate of the established requirements, independent if they are simple or composite. Indicators are a relevant tool, owing to the applicability that allows the evaluation of economic, social, technological and environmental development. Nevertheless, there are cases where the association of indicators and aspects are not a clear representation of how significant a given impact generated by a process is. Thereby, it is difficult to have a comprehensible assessment of the impact size. Regarding these, this project shows the development of a global sustainability index (𝐼𝐺𝑆), based on the aggregation of 19 economic, social and environmental indicators. This index was applied to a wastewater treatment plant of a pork slaughterhouse in Brazil. The indicators were quantified using primary information from the company, based on the wastewater affluent and effluent composition. Complementary data was considered from literature. For the index, indicators and dimensions were weighted through experts’ opinion based on their answers in a questionnaire that was followed by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (PHA). Furthermore, a comparative study was carried out between the treatment system used by the company and an alternative process that uses electrocoagulation, through the application of the global sustainability index to each system. Main results for the current treatment system for economic sustainability was (𝑆𝐸𝐶)=0.839, for environmental sustainability was (𝑆𝐴𝑀𝐵)=0.492 and for social sustainability was (𝑆𝑆𝑂𝐶)=0.685 with an overall sustainability index (𝐼𝐺𝑆) of 0.665. For the proposed treatment system were obtained 0.161 for 𝑆𝐸𝐶, 0.508 for 𝑆𝐴𝑀𝐵, 0.315 for 𝑆𝑆𝑂𝐶 and 0.335 for the 𝐼𝐺𝑆. These results show that the actual system applied nowadays in the company is more sustainable than the proposed electrocoagulation system, if used at an industrial scale. From this study, it is believed that possibilities for a multidimensional evaluation of several wastewater treatment plants, from the sector of activity studied or any other, could be expanded.
An impact is defined as a positive or a negative and a total or partial alteration in the environment, which is associated with aspects (activities, products or services) in one organization. For most of industrial activities, there is a link between wastewater production and environmental impacts generated. However, to apply a quantitative assessment on how several impacts may be harmful for the sustainability of an organization is not a simple task. In this context, there are several methodologies that make use of indicators which are a way to quantify the compliance rate of the established requirements, independent if they are simple or composite. Indicators are a relevant tool, owing to the applicability that allows the evaluation of economic, social, technological and environmental development. Nevertheless, there are cases where the association of indicators and aspects are not a clear representation of how significant a given impact generated by a process is. Thereby, it is difficult to have a comprehensible assessment of the impact size. Regarding these, this project shows the development of a global sustainability index (𝐼𝐺𝑆), based on the aggregation of 19 economic, social and environmental indicators. This index was applied to a wastewater treatment plant of a pork slaughterhouse in Brazil. The indicators were quantified using primary information from the company, based on the wastewater affluent and effluent composition. Complementary data was considered from literature. For the index, indicators and dimensions were weighted through experts’ opinion based on their answers in a questionnaire that was followed by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (PHA). Furthermore, a comparative study was carried out between the treatment system used by the company and an alternative process that uses electrocoagulation, through the application of the global sustainability index to each system. Main results for the current treatment system for economic sustainability was (𝑆𝐸𝐶)=0.839, for environmental sustainability was (𝑆𝐴𝑀𝐵)=0.492 and for social sustainability was (𝑆𝑆𝑂𝐶)=0.685 with an overall sustainability index (𝐼𝐺𝑆) of 0.665. For the proposed treatment system were obtained 0.161 for 𝑆𝐸𝐶, 0.508 for 𝑆𝐴𝑀𝐵, 0.315 for 𝑆𝑆𝑂𝐶 and 0.335 for the 𝐼𝐺𝑆. These results show that the actual system applied nowadays in the company is more sustainable than the proposed electrocoagulation system, if used at an industrial scale. From this study, it is believed that possibilities for a multidimensional evaluation of several wastewater treatment plants, from the sector of activity studied or any other, could be expanded.
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Keywords
Impacte Sistema de tratamento de águas residuais Indicadores Índice de sustentabilidade Avaliação de desempenho