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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As florestas maduras constituem uma das soluções para fazer frente às alterações
climáticas, sendo que nas fases mais tardias de desenvolvimento, continuam a capturar o
dióxido de carbono da atmosfera, mantêm melhores níveis de humidade no seu interior,
conferindo-lhe maior resistência à seca e erosão, além de dificultar a propagação dos
incêndios e albergam elevada biodiversidade, muita dela especializada apenas neste tipo
de floresta. Perante a escassez deste tipo de floresta, o objetivo deste trabalho é realçar a
importância de valorizar e conservar áreas florestais para promover o desenvolvimento
de características de maturidade, que definem as Florestas Maduras noutros pontos do
globo terrestre. A conservação de florestas maduras desperta interesse nos anos 70-80 do
século XX, na América do Norte, já na Europa, foi a França e outros países do centro da
Europa e Escandinávia que iniciaram a investigação sobre estas florestas. Na Europa,
cerca de 2% das florestas estão livres da perturbação humana e aproximadamente 24%
está sob proteção para conservação da biodiversidade e da paisagem. Em Portugal, as
florestas livres da atividade humana, representam cerca de 0,67% da área total de floresta.
A intervenção humana sobre as florestas, resulta das necessidades básicas ao
desenvolvimento da sociedade, e neste contexto a arqueologia e os registos históricos são
elementos importantes à compreensão dessa mesma influência. O Plano da UE de
Restauração da Natureza integra a melhoria e alargamento de rede europeia de áreas
protegidas, a proteção rigorosa de pelo menos um terço das áreas protegidas da UE,
incluindo todas as florestas primárias e seculares que permanecem em território europeu.
Para avaliar a existência de áreas na região com capacidade para atingir a fase da
maturidade foram selecionadas duas áreas na ZEC Montesinho/Nogueira sendo a maior
na Serra de Nogueira, no concelho de Bragança, dividindo-se numa área sem intervenção
há mais de 80 anos e outra intervencionada há cerca de 30 anos. No Parque Natural de
Montesinho, foram definidas duas áreas, onde predomina Quercus pyrenaica e a
intervenção foi há cerca de 30 anos. A área que não tem intervenção há mais de 80 anos
poderá evoluir para fases mais avançadas do seu desenvolvimento e pode ser possível
compatibilizar a sua conservação com o uso da área com intervenção, no entanto, requer
estudos posteriores mais detalhados. A integração dos estudos arqueobotânicos neste
trabalho não foi possível, uma vez que não existe, mas continua o objetivo de integrar
Arqueobotânica para repensar a gestão florestal atual.
Mature forests are one of the solutions to climate change, since in the later stages of development they continue to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, maintain better levels of humidity in their interior, giving them greater resistance to drought and erosion, as well as making it more difficult for fires to spread, and are home to a high level of biodiversity, much of it specialised only in this type of forest. Given the scarcity of this type of forest, the aim of this work is to emphasise the importance of valuing and conserving forest areas in order to promote the development of mature characteristics that define Mature Forests elsewhere on the globe. The conservation of mature forests aroused interest in the 1970s and 1980s in North America, while in Europe it was France and other countries in central Europe and Scandinavia that began research into these forests. Human intervention in forests is the result of basic needs for the development of society, and in this context archaeology and historical records are important elements in understanding this influence. The EU Nature Restoration Plan integrates the improvement and extension of the European network of protected areas, the rigorous protection of at least one third of the EU's protected areas, including all primary and secular forests that remain on European territory. In order to assess the existence of areas in the region with the capacity to reach the maturity stage, two areas were selected in the Montesinho/Nogueira SAC, the largest of which is in the Serra de Nogueira, in the municipality of Bragança, divided into an area that hasn't been intervened in for over 80 years and another that was intervened in around 30 years ago. In the Montesinho Natural Park, two areas were defined, where Quercus pyrenaica predominates and where intervention took place around 30 years ago. The area that hasn't been intervened in for more than 80 years could evolve to more advanced stages of its development and it may be possible to make its conservation compatible with the use of the area that has been intervened in; however, this requires further, more detailed studies. It was not possible to integrate archaeobotanical studies into this work, as they do not exist, but the aim of integrating archaeobotany to rethink current forest management remains.
Mature forests are one of the solutions to climate change, since in the later stages of development they continue to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, maintain better levels of humidity in their interior, giving them greater resistance to drought and erosion, as well as making it more difficult for fires to spread, and are home to a high level of biodiversity, much of it specialised only in this type of forest. Given the scarcity of this type of forest, the aim of this work is to emphasise the importance of valuing and conserving forest areas in order to promote the development of mature characteristics that define Mature Forests elsewhere on the globe. The conservation of mature forests aroused interest in the 1970s and 1980s in North America, while in Europe it was France and other countries in central Europe and Scandinavia that began research into these forests. Human intervention in forests is the result of basic needs for the development of society, and in this context archaeology and historical records are important elements in understanding this influence. The EU Nature Restoration Plan integrates the improvement and extension of the European network of protected areas, the rigorous protection of at least one third of the EU's protected areas, including all primary and secular forests that remain on European territory. In order to assess the existence of areas in the region with the capacity to reach the maturity stage, two areas were selected in the Montesinho/Nogueira SAC, the largest of which is in the Serra de Nogueira, in the municipality of Bragança, divided into an area that hasn't been intervened in for over 80 years and another that was intervened in around 30 years ago. In the Montesinho Natural Park, two areas were defined, where Quercus pyrenaica predominates and where intervention took place around 30 years ago. The area that hasn't been intervened in for more than 80 years could evolve to more advanced stages of its development and it may be possible to make its conservation compatible with the use of the area that has been intervened in; however, this requires further, more detailed studies. It was not possible to integrate archaeobotanical studies into this work, as they do not exist, but the aim of integrating archaeobotany to rethink current forest management remains.
Description
Keywords
Biodiversidade Conservação Florestas Maturidade Madeira morta