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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As fraturas ósseas na região diafisária do fémur são lesões complexas das quais
resultam, habitualmente, períodos extensos de hospitalização e de reabilitação. O
recurso a hastes intramedulares bloqueadas, no que diz respeito à fixação intramedular,
é um dos tratamentos possíveis deste tipo de fraturas e tem sido objeto de vários
trabalhos de investigação desde o seu aparecimento. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho
focou-se no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de análise computacional de
diferentes tipos de fraturas diafisárias do fémur, seguindo o tipo de tratamento utilizado
no hospital Nossa Senhora das Dores - Brasil. Foi gerado um biomodelo e um modelo
simplificado do conjunto osso-implante-parafusos seguida de uma análise por elementos
finitos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a introdução das hastes intramedulares em
aço inoxidável ou em titânio no fémur diminuem as tensões ao longo do osso,
promovendo uma maior estabilidade. O estudo efetuado permitiu identificar a zona
medial do fémur como a zona crítica no que diz respeito às tensões envolvidas. Na
análise comparativa das tensões com diferentes materiais, o modelo com a haste em
titânio apresentou um desempenho mais homogéneo do que o modelo em aço
inoxidável. O modelo simplificado apresentou resultados compatíveis com o biomodelo.
Este facto possibilita que o modelo simplificado se torne uma ferramenta vantajosa na
análise biomecânica das fraturas diafisárias do fémur, uma vez que não há recurso a
imagens médicas.
Bone fractures in the femoral diaphysis are complex lesions that usually result in extended periods of hospitalization and rehabilitation. The use of locked intramedullary nails in intramedullary fixation is one of the possible treatments of this type of fracture and has been the subject of several researches since its appearance. The present work focused on developing a methodology for computational analysis of different types of femoral diaphysis fractures, according the type of treatment at Nossa Senhora das Dores – Brazil hospital. It was created a biomodel and a simplified model of the boneimplant screws followed by a finite element analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of intramedullary nails of stainless steel or titanium into the femur reduce the stresses along the bone, providing a greater stability. The study identifies the femur medial zone as the critical region related to the stresses that are involved. The comparative analysis of strains with different materials suggests that the model in titanium was more homogenous than the model in stainless steel. The simplified model showed consistent results with the biomodel. This fact allows that the simplified model becomes an advantageous tool in biomechanical analysis of the femoral diaphysis fractures because the analysis may be unprovided with medical images.
Bone fractures in the femoral diaphysis are complex lesions that usually result in extended periods of hospitalization and rehabilitation. The use of locked intramedullary nails in intramedullary fixation is one of the possible treatments of this type of fracture and has been the subject of several researches since its appearance. The present work focused on developing a methodology for computational analysis of different types of femoral diaphysis fractures, according the type of treatment at Nossa Senhora das Dores – Brazil hospital. It was created a biomodel and a simplified model of the boneimplant screws followed by a finite element analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of intramedullary nails of stainless steel or titanium into the femur reduce the stresses along the bone, providing a greater stability. The study identifies the femur medial zone as the critical region related to the stresses that are involved. The comparative analysis of strains with different materials suggests that the model in titanium was more homogenous than the model in stainless steel. The simplified model showed consistent results with the biomodel. This fact allows that the simplified model becomes an advantageous tool in biomechanical analysis of the femoral diaphysis fractures because the analysis may be unprovided with medical images.
Description
Keywords
Fémur Fratura Haste intramedular bloqueada Elementos finitos Biomecânica