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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Metabolomics is a young field of knowledge that arises linked to other omics such as genomics,
transcriptomics, and proteomics. This discipline seeks to understand the performance of metabolites,
identifying, quantifying them, and thus understanding its mechanism of action. This new
branch of omics science shows high potential, due to its noninvasive character and its close relation
with phenotype. Several techniques have been developed to study the metabolome of biological
samples, fundamentally nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and
vibrational spectrometry (VS) or a combination of several techniques. These techniques are
focused to separate, detect, characterize, and quantify metabolites, as well as elucidate their structures
and their function on the metabolic pathways they are involved. However, due to the complexity
of the metabolome, in most cases it is necessary to apply several of these techniques to
understand completely the whole scenery. This review is aimed to offer a summary of the current
knowledge of these analytical techniques for metabolomics and their application to different fields
as environmental, food or health sciences. Each technique shows different advantages and drawbacks
depending on their technical characteristics and limitations, some factors, such as the aim
of the study or the nature of the biological sample will condition the choice. Regarding their
applications, NMR has been employed specially to identify new compounds and elucidate structures.
The use of MS has gained popularity because of its versatility, easiness to be coupled to
separation techniques and its high sensitivity. Whereas VS is widely employed for in situ studies,
due to its nondestructive character. Metabolomics applications in different science fields are growing
each year, due to advances in analytical techniques and combination with other omics that
allow to increase the comprehension of metabolic processes. Further development of analytical
tools is necessary to continue exploiting all the possibilities of metabolomics.
Description
Keywords
Metabolomics Metabolite Nuclear magnetic resonance Mass spectrometry Vibrational spectroscopy Applications
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Fraga-Corral, Maria; Carpena, Maria; Garcia-Oliveira, Paula; Pereira, Antia Gonzalez; Prieto Lage, Miguel A.; Simal-Gandara, Jesus (2022). Analytical metabolomics and applications in health, environmental and food science. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. ISSN 1040-8347. 52:4, p. 712-734
Publisher
Taylor & Francis