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As evidências revelam que os enfermeiros de urgência/emergência desenvolveram problemas de saúde relacionados com o Stress em contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Foram identificados riscos para estes profissionais de saúde, emergindo, assim, a necessidade major de prevenir níveis elevados de Stress que podem resultar em Burnout. Objetivos: Estudar a relação entre o perfil de Stress dos enfermeiros de urgência/emergência em contexto COVID-19 e as variáveis de caracterização profissional.
Metodologia: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional, através da aplicação da Escala de Perceção de Stress (EPS) de Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein (1983), adaptada para a população portuguesa por Pais Ribeiro & Marques (2009), a uma amostra de 355 enfermeiros de urgência/emergência em contexto COVID-19 a nível nacional, maioritariamente (51,3%) com idades entre 36 e 50 anos, em funções no setor público (85,9%), com experiência profissional entre 11-20 anos (40,8%).
Resultados: O estudo da relação entre o perfil de Stress numa amostra de 355 enfermeiros portugueses de urgência/emergência em contexto COVID-19, com uma média de idades de 39,25±8,89 anos e as variáveis de caracterização profissional, veio revelar que o título profissional, o serviço/unidade onde exercem funções e a localização geográfica do local de trabalho, apresentam efeito significativo no perfil de Stress percecionado (p < 0,005). Neste âmbito considerativo, os enfermeiros especialistas (p = 0,005) a exercerem funções nos SUP e BO (p = 0,002) da Região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (p = 0,001), foram aqueles onde a perceção de Stress é mais alta. Por outro lado, os enfermeiros generalistas (p = 0,005) a exercerem funções no INEM (p = 0,002) e que exercem na Região Autónoma da Madeira (p = 0,001), demonstraram um perfil de Stress mais baixo.
Conclusão: Os resultados devem ser analisados no sentido de ter este tipo de amostras laborais sob análise e atenção. Num primeiro momento recomendam-se consultas na Medicina de Trabalho anti-Stress, e num segundo momento, consideram-se essenciais a aplicação de formações para Treino de Gestão de Stress, no sentido de reduzir o Stress, promovendo estratégias adaptativas para o efeito. A avaliação do Stress no local de trabalho entre enfermeiros, em contexto de doente crítico, deve ser o foco de intervenção dos gestores e líderes institucionais.
The evidence shows that emergency nurses developed stress-related health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Risks were identified for these health professionals, thus emerging the major need to prevent high levels of Stress that may result in Burnout. Objectives: To study the relationship between the Stress Profile of emergency nurses in the context of COVID-19 and the variables of professional characterisation. Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and correlational study, through the application of Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein's Stress Perception Scale (SPS) (1983), adapted for the Portuguese population by Pais Ribeiro & Marques (2009), to a sample of 355 nurses in an emergency room in a COVID-19 context at national level, mostly (51.3%) aged between 36 and 50 years, working in the public sector (85.9%), with professional experience between 11-20 years (40.8%). Results: The study on the relationship between the Stress Profile in a sample of 355 Portuguese emergency nurses in COVID-19 context, with a mean age of 39.25±8.89 years and the variables of professional characterisation revealed that the professional title, the service/unit where they work and the geographical location of their workplace had a significant effect on the perceived Stress Profile (p < 0.005). Within this scope, the specialist nurses (p = 0.005) working in the SUP and OR (p = 0.002) of the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region (p = 0.001) were those with the highest perception of Stress. On the other hand, the generalist nurses (p = 0.005) working at the INEM (p = 0.002) and working in the Autonomous Region of Madeira (p = 0.001) showed a lower stress profile. Conclusion: The results should be analysed in order to have this kind of work samples under analysis and attention. In a first stage, anti-stress consultations with Occupational Medicine are recommended, and in a second stage, the application of Stress Management Training is considered essential to reduce Stress, promoting adaptive strategies for this purpose. The assessment of Stress at the workplace among nurses in the context of critically ill patients should be the focus of intervention by managers and institutional leaders.
The evidence shows that emergency nurses developed stress-related health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Risks were identified for these health professionals, thus emerging the major need to prevent high levels of Stress that may result in Burnout. Objectives: To study the relationship between the Stress Profile of emergency nurses in the context of COVID-19 and the variables of professional characterisation. Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and correlational study, through the application of Cohen, Kamarck & Mermelstein's Stress Perception Scale (SPS) (1983), adapted for the Portuguese population by Pais Ribeiro & Marques (2009), to a sample of 355 nurses in an emergency room in a COVID-19 context at national level, mostly (51.3%) aged between 36 and 50 years, working in the public sector (85.9%), with professional experience between 11-20 years (40.8%). Results: The study on the relationship between the Stress Profile in a sample of 355 Portuguese emergency nurses in COVID-19 context, with a mean age of 39.25±8.89 years and the variables of professional characterisation revealed that the professional title, the service/unit where they work and the geographical location of their workplace had a significant effect on the perceived Stress Profile (p < 0.005). Within this scope, the specialist nurses (p = 0.005) working in the SUP and OR (p = 0.002) of the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region (p = 0.001) were those with the highest perception of Stress. On the other hand, the generalist nurses (p = 0.005) working at the INEM (p = 0.002) and working in the Autonomous Region of Madeira (p = 0.001) showed a lower stress profile. Conclusion: The results should be analysed in order to have this kind of work samples under analysis and attention. In a first stage, anti-stress consultations with Occupational Medicine are recommended, and in a second stage, the application of Stress Management Training is considered essential to reduce Stress, promoting adaptive strategies for this purpose. The assessment of Stress at the workplace among nurses in the context of critically ill patients should be the focus of intervention by managers and institutional leaders.
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Stress Enfermeiros Pandemia COVID-19 Urgência Emergência