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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho de tese é um relatório de estágio que se enquadrou num projeto
de investigação desenvolvido pelo Centro de Investigação Cartif, com o título de “RECICLADO
QUÍMICO DE ESPUMAS DE POLIURETANO PARA SU USO EN EL SECTOR DEL
CALZADO”. Assim, o relatório apresentado representa todas as atividades desenvolvidas no
período de estágio, quatro meses (entre catorze de Fevereiro de 2013 e catorze de Junho de
2013), no Centro de Investigação Cartif, no departamento de Meio Ambiente.
O trabalho apresentado resulta da concretização das primeiras etapas do projeto de
investigação, nomeadamente a realização da Tarefa 1 que foi completada e consistia na
receção e caracterização dos resíduos do polímero Poliuretano provenientes do setor do
calçado; iniciação da Tarefa 2, associada ao estudo das condições ótimas da reciclagem
química (glicólise) dos resíduos de espumas de Poliuretano.
Globalmente, obtiveram-se 5 amostras de espuma poliuretano diferentes (resíduos de
diferentes etapas na fabricação do calçado e de diferente aspeto visual) a partir dos resíduos
obtidos do setor do calçado e duas amostras de poliol puro (material de base do polímero de
poliuretano) fornecidas pelas empresas do sector do calçado. As amostras de resíduos
obtidas sofreram um pré-tratamento para selecionar o material de espuma de poliuretano. Na
caraterização destes resíduos pré-tratados aplicaram-se as metodologias de determinação da
densidade (real e aparente), análise termo gravimétrica, análise com FTIR, análise da
Viscosidade e análise do Índice de Hidroxilos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as
diferentes amostras pré-tratadas mostram uma grande variabilidade ao nível da densidade,
como era esperado pois, os resíduos analisados são de diferentes etapas na fabricação do
calçado (realçado pelos diferentes aspetos visuais do materiais). As análises termo
gravimétrica e de infravermelho mostraram que as amostras pré-tratadas são semelhantes na
variação da massa com a temperatura e nos espectros de infravermelho, respetivamente.
Estes resultados mostram que o pré-tratamento aos resíduos permitiu obter amostras de
composição homogênea de espuma de poliuretano.
As amostras de poliol obtidas mostraram valores de viscosidade e de índice de
Hidroxilos que se enquadram nos valores normais para compostos poliol e servirão de
padrões para o poliol que se vai obter da reciclagem química de cada uma das amostras prétratadas
obtidas a partir dos resíduos do setor de calçado.
This thesis is a report of the work carried out in the Research Centre Cartif, in a research project named "RECYCLED CHEMICAL OF THE POLYURETHANE FOAM FOR USE IN THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY". The report is about all the activities done during the time of traineeship, four months (between February 14, 2013 and June 14, 2013), held at the Research Centre Cartif, in the department of Environment. This work presents the results from the two first tasks of the research project, which included the completion of Task 1 (consisted in the polyurethane foam wastes reception and characterization which were obtained from footwear industry sector; and the initiation of Task 2, associated with the study of the optimum conditions for chemical recycling (glycolysis) of polyurethane foams wastes. Globally, five different polyurethane foam samples were obtained (residues from various steps in the footwear manufacturing and with different visual appearance) and two samples of pure polyol (base material for the polyurethane polymer production) provided by companies of the footwear industry. The obtained wastes samples had undergone pretreatment to select the polyurethane foam material. In the characterization of these pre-treated wastes, the analytical methodologies applied were density analysis (real and apparent), thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR analysis and analysis of Viscosity and Index hydroxyls. The results showed that the different pre-treated samples had a high variability in terms of density, as expected, because the analysed residues were from different stages in the manufacture of footwear (highlighted by the different visual aspects of the materials). The results from thermogravimetric and infrared analysis showed that the pre-treated samples had similar mass variation with temperature and infrared spectra, respectively. These results showed that the wastes pre-treatment allowed to obtain final samples of polyurethane foam with homogeneous composition. The obtained polyol samples showed expected viscosity and hydroxyl index values typical of polyol compounds and these samples will be used as standards for the polyols recycled that will be obtained from the chemical recycling of each of the pre-treated samples (obtained from the polyurethane foam wastes of the footwear industry sector).
This thesis is a report of the work carried out in the Research Centre Cartif, in a research project named "RECYCLED CHEMICAL OF THE POLYURETHANE FOAM FOR USE IN THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY". The report is about all the activities done during the time of traineeship, four months (between February 14, 2013 and June 14, 2013), held at the Research Centre Cartif, in the department of Environment. This work presents the results from the two first tasks of the research project, which included the completion of Task 1 (consisted in the polyurethane foam wastes reception and characterization which were obtained from footwear industry sector; and the initiation of Task 2, associated with the study of the optimum conditions for chemical recycling (glycolysis) of polyurethane foams wastes. Globally, five different polyurethane foam samples were obtained (residues from various steps in the footwear manufacturing and with different visual appearance) and two samples of pure polyol (base material for the polyurethane polymer production) provided by companies of the footwear industry. The obtained wastes samples had undergone pretreatment to select the polyurethane foam material. In the characterization of these pre-treated wastes, the analytical methodologies applied were density analysis (real and apparent), thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR analysis and analysis of Viscosity and Index hydroxyls. The results showed that the different pre-treated samples had a high variability in terms of density, as expected, because the analysed residues were from different stages in the manufacture of footwear (highlighted by the different visual aspects of the materials). The results from thermogravimetric and infrared analysis showed that the pre-treated samples had similar mass variation with temperature and infrared spectra, respectively. These results showed that the wastes pre-treatment allowed to obtain final samples of polyurethane foam with homogeneous composition. The obtained polyol samples showed expected viscosity and hydroxyl index values typical of polyol compounds and these samples will be used as standards for the polyols recycled that will be obtained from the chemical recycling of each of the pre-treated samples (obtained from the polyurethane foam wastes of the footwear industry sector).