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O presente trabalho enquadra-se no contexto da recuperação do património histórico de um antigo moinho movido à roda de água horizontal e do contributo para torná-lo – hoje em dia um museu de divulgação da ciência (A Casa da Seda) – uma casa-modelo autossustentável baseada em fontes renováveis. Desenvolveu-se uma unidade em laboratório, inserida numa plataforma para testes pico-hidroelétricos, à cota do museu (3,5 m) e um protótipo de roda de água horizontal ao diâmetro dado pela largura da galeria que abrigá-la-á (1,2 m). Verificou e validou-se a eficiência do protótipo, aproximadamente 24% conforme ao alcançado pelas rodas clássicas. A análise decorreu de estimativas a partir da análise experimental do caudal volúmico, à entrada da roda, e da potência elétrica, à saída do gerador conectado a reóstatos (ajuste manual do ponto ideal de operação). Numa primeira e adicional análise, o gerador também foi ligado à rede através de microinversores fotovoltaicos convencionais. Validou-se o ponto ideal funcionamento da roda para máxima eficiência (velocidade periférica da roda à metade da velocidade dos jatos), entretanto, sem extrair a máxima potência do gerador. Ao fim deste projeto estabelece-se uma unidade para testes de turbinas hidráulicas de ação – bem como da versão definitiva da roda a ser instalada na Casa da Seda. Sugerem-se futuras abordagens avaliando-se jatos de menor diâmetro, conexões à rede que extraiam maior potência e um sistema ajustável de multiplicação da velocidade da roda para o gerador elétrico.
This work is established in the restoration of the historical heritage of an old mill based on a horizontal waterwheel and the contribution to make it – nowadays a museum for the dissemination of science (The Silk House) – a self-sustainable model house based on renewable sources. A laboratory unit, of a platform for pico-hydroelectric testing, at the museum's head (3,5 m), and a horizontal waterwheel prototype, at the diameter given by the width of the gallery that will house it (1,2 m), were built. The efficiency of the prototype was verified and validated, approximately 24% according to that achieved by the classical wheels. The analysis was based on estimates from the experimental analysis of the volume flow, the wheel input, and the electric power, on the generator connected to rheostats (manual adjustment for the ideal operating point). In a first and additional analysis, the generator was also connected to the grid by conventional photovoltaic micro inverters. The ideal wheel operating point has been validated for maximum efficiency (peripheral wheel speed at half jet speed), however, without extracting maximum generator power. At the end of this project is established a unit for testing hydraulic action turbines – as well as the definitive version of the wheel to be installed at the Silk House. Future approaches are suggested by evaluating smaller diameter jets, connections that extract more power and an adjustable wheel speed multiplication system for the generator.
This work is established in the restoration of the historical heritage of an old mill based on a horizontal waterwheel and the contribution to make it – nowadays a museum for the dissemination of science (The Silk House) – a self-sustainable model house based on renewable sources. A laboratory unit, of a platform for pico-hydroelectric testing, at the museum's head (3,5 m), and a horizontal waterwheel prototype, at the diameter given by the width of the gallery that will house it (1,2 m), were built. The efficiency of the prototype was verified and validated, approximately 24% according to that achieved by the classical wheels. The analysis was based on estimates from the experimental analysis of the volume flow, the wheel input, and the electric power, on the generator connected to rheostats (manual adjustment for the ideal operating point). In a first and additional analysis, the generator was also connected to the grid by conventional photovoltaic micro inverters. The ideal wheel operating point has been validated for maximum efficiency (peripheral wheel speed at half jet speed), however, without extracting maximum generator power. At the end of this project is established a unit for testing hydraulic action turbines – as well as the definitive version of the wheel to be installed at the Silk House. Future approaches are suggested by evaluating smaller diameter jets, connections that extract more power and an adjustable wheel speed multiplication system for the generator.
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Projeto mecânico Roda de água horizontal Sistemas pico-hídricos